...enactment of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, there have been numerous expansions on the type of information that is collected for the reports. This has included collecting data on law enforcement officers killed or assaulted, arson, bias motivated crimes, and ethnic origin data of persons arrested. Although the Uniform Crime Report does provide a vast array of data regarding crime, the National Incident-Based Reporting System provides substantially more detail pertaining to crimes in an up to date record system. This is why it is crucial that completeness and accuracy is maintained by each reporting agency. Data gathered from these two sources are used not only to conduct crime analysis and research, but to also aid in the formulation of policies, decisions relating to strategic and operational measures. Data that is provided to the FBI are based on two functions. These two functions are called classifying and scoring. Classifying is determining the proper crime categories to report to the program. Scoring is counting the number of offenses after they have been classified and entering the total count on the appropriate reporting form. Each month, local, county, state, tribal and federal law enforcement agencies submit a Return A form to the UCR...
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...Crime Data Comparison Lisa Anderson CJA 314 March 01, 2011 Kurt Fertig Crime Data Comparison Comparing similar crimes, in metropolitan area such as Phoenix and Dallas. The FBI Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data shows in 2009 Phoenix had 76 reported murders, and Dallas with 86. Dallas with a lower population number of 1,290,266 had higher murder rate, Phoenix with population of 1,597,397 reported in 2009. Reported murder rates dropped in both areas in 2010, Dallas with 73, and Phoenix with a reported 50. “National reports a decrease of 6.2 percent of violent crimes during the first 6 months of 2010” (Preliminary Semiannual UCR, 2010.) According to Phoenix Police Department (2010), Manager/Police Chief Jack Harris said in September that (contributing factors to the decrease in crime are efforts of two addition new precincts). Figures reached a 20-year low; homicides with clearance rates reaching 20 years highs. Efforts focused on repeat offender and greater collaboration between police and community to solve problems in effectively using resources. With a total of eight precincts that residents benefit by receiving improved response time and needs of patrol officers. Technology has played a large part in crime statistics compared to same quarter last year. Murder rates have dropped almost 40% Phoenix police have upgraded computer and equipped police cars with cameras and more effective laptops (Phoenix news May 24, 2010.11:11 p.m. MDT). Arizonans dealing with illegal aliens...
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...Thematic Classification in Offender Profiling: Classifying Serbian Homicides Using Multiple Correspondence, Cluster, and Discriminant Function Analyses written by Alasdair Goodwill, Jared Allen, and Dag Kolarevic. The research they conducted was about finding new and improved ways, through thematic classification of certain homicides, to profile the possible offender. In their research they conducted two separate homicide investigations from to very different regions being Serbia and North Korea. Their goal was to use a new method of profiling to initially obtain the perpetrator and prove that the new way of profiling does indeed work efficiently. They worked these separate cases by using traditional profiling methods and researching methods such as sample, variables and data coding, and analysis of crime scene behavior. Their findings resulted in the conclusion that in the homicides, high frequency behaviors resulted in murder and they were able to pinpoint this in the relevant homicide cases as well. They did note some limitations of their research being, the variables such as the firearm used in the homicide and the particular offenders life. This relates to me because this is part of what I want to do as a career in my future. Most people may not be able to relate well to it otherwise. Works Cited Goodwill, Alasdair M., Jared C. Allen, and Dag Kolarevic. "Improvement Of Thematic Classification In Offender Profiling: Classifying Serbian Homicides Using Multiple Correspondence...
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...The Uniform Crime Reporting Program and Understanding the Victims Name: Institution: Uniform Crime Reporting is a program that is a national wide statistical effort which comprises over 15,000 state, city, and county laws enforcement agencies that report data on criminal offences voluntarily (Schmalleger, 2006). This data is later forwarded to the Federal Bureau of Investigation directly or through the state-level Uniform Crime Reporting program from the local law enforcement agencies. The offences in the program are divided into two categories, part 1 and part 2 for data reporting purposes. The part 1 offences reported by the Uniform Crime Reporting program are categorized into two groups which include property and violent crimes and later used to measure the scope and level of crime rate in the country (FBI, 2004). The crimes reported in this part are called index crimes because reports the crimes that are very serious and they have a tendency of being reported reliably compared to others. These crimes are mostly reported directly to the police and not the separate agencies which do not contribute to the UCR program. These crimes include; forcible rape, aggravated assault, criminal homicide, forcible sex, arson, burglary, motor vehicle theft, and larceny-theft (FBI, 2004). The part 2 offences comprises of less serious crimes which are either reported directly to the police or through the separate agencies. Only the arrest data is collected and reported to the FBI...
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...Punishment and Sentencing Crimes against morality and individual rights have existed since the dawn of man as well as the need to punishment those crimes. Public consciousness and sentiment have evolved over time and greatly influence the goals of modern-day punishment criminals. The legal and correctional systems tend to fall in line with this morals and concepts of their respective era. While threat of prison and punishment may be deterrence to crime, the goals of punishment and sentencing can be placed into the categories of rehabilitation, retributions and incapacitation. Through the classification of crimes and prisoners, the modern-day correctional system emphasizes a hybrid mix of these objectives based on the severity of the crime and susceptibility of the criminal. Incapacitation as a goal or strategy in punishment and sentencing is best focused on those offenders who commit crimes at very high rates. By taking a large slice of out of the life of a career criminal, the punishment has prevented, in theory, the number of crimes that individual, would have been committed if that while in society. Since the 1980’s, the United States has increasingly taken a this approach which has led to increased sentences for the majority of offenders also leading to prison overcrowding. The effectiveness of this strategy is often debated although many of not most studies conclude this strategy does provide a significant suppression effect on crime (Piquero & Blumstein,...
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...differences in their discipline of expertise. Additionally, this paper will briefly discuss blue collar crimes vs. white collar crimes, the way in which the FBI reports and measures these crimes in their Uniformed Crime Reporting (UCR) system. The author further elucidates blue collar crimes and how their culture is more populated by the media. This paper also includes the variations of Index I and Index II crimes and the manner in which they are reported either as violent or property crimes under the UCR system, as well as, the sentence that accompany such crimes. The author concludes this paper with a basic understanding of these three fields and the importance of their role within our criminal justice system that together create a unified force to battle crime. Introduction To get a better understanding of how our criminal justice system operates, society needs to know the involvement and the many specialists that are needed to keep our communities safe as well as, get the criminals off the streets to prevent them from committing future crime. One should look at it like baking a cake and each ingredient is an important part of the recipe. 1st ingredient is the investigation, 2nd ingredient is solving the crime, 3rd ingredient is corrections for these offenses. Finally 4th ingredient is the icing on the cake, preventing criminal behavior and preventing crimes associated to this behavior from being committed. * Explain the differences between criminologists...
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...Running head: YOUNG OFFENDERS Young Offenders Carol Welles Coker College Abstract Youth offenders are those persons charged with serious crimes who are usually under a specified age. Every nation has its own policy about dealing with young offenders. In the United States, each state has its own juvenile offender standards. The treatment of juvenile offenders in the United States has been uncertain, uneven, and controversial since colonial times. Recently the United States Supreme Court changed the juvenile justice system by declaring the frequently applied life without parole sentence to be unconstitutional. Juvenile justice systems have been forced to rethink options for punishment for youth offenders convicted of a serious crime. The juvenile justice system has developed new approaches and new methods of rehabilitating juveniles whose crimes previously may have merited the life without parole sentence. Rehabilitation through education has replaced incarceration in most newly revamped governmental policies at the state level. Several organizations in Europe and the United States have developed in the last few years devoted to liberalizing juvenile justice policies throughout the western world. The definition of a young offender is universal. A young offender is a person within a specified age range who commits a criminal offense. A variation in the specified age for a young offender is the main difference between a young offender in Abu Dhabi and a young...
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...Ned Kelly a heroin or a villain Name: Course: Tutor: Date: 2nd November 2011 Ned Kelly a hero or a villain Whether Ned Kelly was a hero or a villain depends on the basis of arguments an individual uses in classifying his actions. Of great importance, is beginning by understanding the subject matter of the discussion? A hero refers to male characters that, in the face of danger and adversity or from a position of weakness, display courage and will for self sacrifice. However, such a definition only brings the martial excellence locking out moral excellence which is very important in concluding how heroic a character is.[1] A villain on the other hand refers to an "evil" character that tends to have a negative impact on the human existence. This brings out a picture of a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or criminal acts to inflict both emotional and physical pain to the subject. Ned Kelly is referred to as an assailant. Ned Kelly was an Australian bush ranger who eluded from his home to live in the bush after being involved in a clash with the Victorian police. This clash was a tool that represented the general views of several Australia civilians who resented against the Anglo-Australian ruling class. It was during his stay as a bush ranger that Ned formed a gang that turned out to be mere cold blooded cop killers, hell bent in eradicating Victorian police...
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...Hate Crimes- Are they that common? Dr. Joseph Carrier – Multicultural Diversity In Columbia Missouri, we pride ourselves on making national news for our sports programs, academics and becoming one of the top places to live in the country. We live by a code of inclusion and acceptance and have become a liberal Mecca. However, recent events in the growing city have shown another, less attractive side to the home of the University of Missouri. With making national headlines and social media uproars, Mizzou has become a symbol for the fight against hate crimes. However, these crimes aren’t just happening in small towns and conservative states; hate crimes are everywhere. With the introduction to the internet and social media taking off like wildfire, the past twenty years that should have created progress, have created convenience. It’s now easier than ever to target and seek out individuals and to receive recognition for these crimes. Many people have heard the term, but few know its actual definition. A hate crime is defined as a criminal offense committed against persons, property, or society which is motivated, in whole or in part, by offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin according to the Missouri State Highway Patrol website. In 2007, a hate crime occurred once very hour of everyday, totaling an estimated 7,600 crimes. That is a staggering number when you think about all of those crimes being motivated by prejudice...
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...budget is spent on housing, supervising, and rehabilitating inmates. There are many who believe this is wasteful, but what is the solution to the dilemma? Public safety must be ensured, as well as the rights the inmates and accused are entitled to. There are two sides to this problem. There are vast amounts of money spent upon this system, however it also is one of the main sources of employment for those located in the areas that contain these facilities. The loss of jobs and revenue within these areas must be comparable to the savings involved. There is no question policy changes must be made, as the prison population continues to grow and budget constraints are an issue in every state. As policies are enacted to become tougher on crime, the need for corrections services increases. Legislation and policy change has had some success in other states. Kansas had an overwhelming problem with prison population and budget restraints throughout the last few decades. (Rengifo, 2010) At first, with increased prison capacity, in the 1980’s, Kansas simply created more prisons. As financial concerns and restraints increased changes were addressed. Some policies were directed as cost savings through personnel. Limited salary increases and shift limitations save money, but do not effectively solve the end problem. Bills were passed to change the way prisoners were punished. Probation and treatment programs were enacted to keep minor...
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...Research In Engineering Volume 1, Issue 9, May-2014 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718 DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE CRIME DATA R. G. Uthra, M. Tech (CS) Bharathidasan University, Trichy, India. Abstract: In data mining, Crime management is an interesting application where it plays an important role in handling of crime data. Crime investigation has very significant role of police system in any country. There had been an enormous increase in the crime in recent years. With rapid popularity of the internet, crime information maintained in web is becoming increasingly rampant. In this paper the data mining techniques are used to analyze the web data. This paper presents detailed study on classification and clustering. Classification is the process of classifying the crime type Clustering is the process of combining data object into groups. The construct of scenario is to extract the attributes and relations in the web page and reconstruct the scenario for crime mining. Key words: Crime data analysis, classification, clustering. I. INTRODUCTION Crime is one of the dangerous factors for any country. Crime analysis is the activity in which analysis is done on crime activities. Today criminals have maximum use of all modern technologies and hi-tech methods in committing crimes. The law enforcers have to effectively meet out challenges of crime control and maintenance of public order. One challenge to law enforcement and intelligence agencies is the difficulty...
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...rehabilitate. GED classes, law books, parenting classes, anger management are more available. More programs are designed more to the inmates needs than academic. For example, many have mental and substance abuse needs. With the right education, inmates and correctional are looking for ways to eliminate these problems before a person is re-entered into society. Inmates need help to adapt to the outside world they are about to enter when released from prison. Rather than have an inmate just be lock away, which is costing, why not have them make great use of their time than just sitting around watching tv, playing cards or assaulting others. So focusing more on helping educated with our tay-paying dollars,and thinking about crime prevention rather than on their crime. Overcrowding...
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...Gangs The word “Gang” at one point in time was only used to describe a group of people, now days the word “Gang” is associated with negative groups who commit crime and violence. According to the FBI over 20,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs and prisoner gangs currently exist throughout the United States, with over one million members (Federal Bureau of, 2009). Gangs are made up of all types and kinds of human beings from men, to woman, and even children. A good amount of the crime in several communities around the U.S. is victimized by the gang related activity. Gang activity is higher in cities like Los Angeles, Chicago, Arizona and New York, with more than half of all homicides thought to be gang related homicides (Muhlhausen, 2007). Overall organized crime is anywhere and everywhere; this is a very difficult area for law enforcement to keep control over, a non ending battle against something that will always gain new members. These new members join for many reasons and come from many backgrounds, mainly from distress and un-oriented families. The word “Gang” at one point in time was only used to describe a group of people, now days the word “Gang” is associated with negative groups who commit crime and violence. A street gang is “an association of individuals who have a gang name and recognizable symbols, a geographic territory, a regular meeting pattern, and an organized, continuous course of criminality” (Kenneth J. Peak, 2009). When you walk out of...
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...response to the following discussion question by clicking on Reply. What is crime? What are the components of the criminal justice system? How does crime relate to the law? What changes would you recommend to better improve the criminal justice process? Crime is any act or omission (i.e. something intentionally or unintentionally left out), which violates established laws of the local, state, or federal governments (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 7). What does this mean? It means that if there is a law governing a particular act and an individual commits the act in violation of the established law, they are committing a crime. For example, if there is a local ordinance (law) banning smoking of any kind of tobacco or tobacco product within 25 feet of a business or government building and you find yourself smoking a cigarette within 10 feet of one of these specified locations (act), you are in violation of the law and in effect committing a crime. The components of the criminal justice system consist of law enforcement, courts and corrections (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 14). In all of the components of the criminal justice system, you will find various agencies, titles, and roles specific to ensuring the administration of justice. These systems of processes are designed to protect the innocent and ensure fairness (due process) of the law is adhered to before, during, and after arrest (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 14). Crime in a sense is an act or omission, which society, via legislation, has deemed...
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...while Christopher Byers was discovered mutilated with the similar injuries displayed by the other two victims. Upon the review of the available forensic and investigative evidence, the following offender profile has been compiled, based on the known facts, for the use by the West Memphis police Department in further investigation, and ultimately, the offender apprehension. The Profile Limitations The profile, although put together to the best of the profiler’s knowledge and with presented evidence, does have limitations, which are noted below. The use of this profile should be done with its limitations in mind. The profile should be used as a framework in further investigation and not as means of naming the offender. * The State Crime Scene Laboratory reports did not have any concrete physical evidence that can be indicative of any of the offender’s physical attributes. It is therefore difficult to direct the profile into a more focused direction * The physical evidence presented is very limited and much of it is contaminated which hinders further forensic findings * Much of the timeline of events is based on one witness’s interview, thus the scope and the time leading to the assault remain very limited * Some of...
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