...DIVINE WORD UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND INFORMATIC DUE: 6th March 2015 Globalization and its impact on Pacific Island Nations PNG STUDIES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MAJOR PAPER PREPARED AND COMPILED BY JOHN STARLING IRO BUSINESS ACCOUNTANCY 4 DIVINE WORD UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND INFORMATIC DUE: 6th March 2015 Globalization and its impact on Pacific Island Nations PNG STUDIES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MAJOR PAPER PREPARED AND COMPILED BY JOHN STARLING IRO BUSINESS ACCOUNTANCY 4 Table of Contents Introduction3 1.0 The features of globalization 1.1 Economy…………………………………………………………………………………………………...4 1.2 Trade………………………………………………………………………………………………………...5 1.3 Communication and Technology……………………………………………………………….7 1.4 Environmental…………………………………………………………………………………………..8 1.5 Culture………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 2.0 Impacts of globalization on pacific island nations…………………………………11 3.0 The serious problem facing the world today…………………………………………13 3.1 Global warming……………………………………………………………………………………….13 3.2 Poverty, Disease, conflict and natural disaster………………………………………..14 4.0 How it affects the Government and people of Solomon Island……………..16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………..18 Introduction Definition Globalisation is define as; “A process in which the economic, political & cultural separation between nations is breaking down & an international order is emerging” It is further define as the occurring in the economic, political &...
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...earthquakes) Disaster – When a hazard seriously affects humans Risk – Likelihood that humans will be seriously affected by a hazard Vulnerability – How susceptible a population is to the damage caused by a hazard. Disaster Risk Equation Risk (R) – Hazards (H) * Vulnerability (V) / Capacity to Cope (C) Risk increases if: * Frequency or severity of hazards increase * People vulnerability increase * Capacity to cope decreases (Capacity to cope is the ability to deal with the consequences of a hazard) e.g. people in remote areas are further from help in central areas, so have lower capacity to cope) * Global Warming – greatest global hazard * Recent increase in average global temp – climate change * Causes other types of climate change * Context hazard – global in scale (affects all parts of environment) – potential to trigger other hazards or make them worse * Chronic Hazard (Long term) * People who aren’t causing the problem are mostly affected * Difficult to find solutions * Hydro-meteorological hazards becoming more frequent * Increasing hydro-meteorological hazards due to global warming * Number of disasters increasing due to: Human Factors * Rapid population growth and urbanisation – increases number of vulnerable people, especially in poor countries * Increasing world poverty – poor people more vulnerable to hazards * Exploitation of resources – deforestation and loss of wetlands –...
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...The coral bleaching from different perspectives Introduction Coral reefs are highly productive ecosystem that also habitats for coastal animals and offer services to human communities (Kubicek, Muhando and Reuter 2012, p. 1). Coral reefs are places for many fishes and other living creatures in the sea to hide and live. Coral reefs also have a huge impact to human communities. Coral reefs and the beauty of living creatures that live within them have become major attraction for tourist and income for local communities. Unfortunately, human activities have caused coral reefs destroyed because of activities such as overfishing, diving, chemical pollution, reef mining and many other things (Carey 2000, p. 147). This activities lead to coral bleaching, which will become danger for many creatures that live in it. The Great Barrier Reef has lost half of its half coral reef in the last 27 years, and 10 per cent of the damage is caused by coral bleaching (De'ath 2012). Coral bleaching however impact many perspectives. From science perspective, coral bleaching has been a threat for many coral species and fishes that lives in it for they are becoming extinct and destroyed (Kubicek, Muhando and Reuter 2012, p. 1). This will leads to the less variety of the coastal ecosystem riches and incur social and economic loss to its social community. Coral bleaching also have impacts to the indigenous people. Indigenous people have used coral reef and its resources as dependence for their food supply...
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...However, with humans continuing to grow in population and needing more space, Earth is paying the price for it. As the years progress, there is a noticeable pattern of the climate increasing that is marked by rapid cooling and ozone depletion in the polar lower stratosphere of both hemispheres. This is coupled with an increasing strength of the wintertime westerly polar vortex and a poleward shift of the westerly wind belt at the earth's surface (Hartmann, et al. 2000). Essentially, the degree to which climate change is occurring can be related to the increasing of CO2 emissions partly because of fossil fuels from buildings. The increase in CO2 emission due to ocean acidification and global warming are affecting not just coral reefs, but other ecosystems as well (Hoegh-Guldberg, et al. 2007)....
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...is continuing to strengthen its political structures and deepen the enfranchisement of the population. In Indonesia, there are parliamentary and presidential elections every five years. After every five years, election is being contested for president and vice president post by direct vote of the citizenry. In 20 October 2014, Joko Widodo has been elected as president and Jusuf Kala is the vice president. However, corruption and slow-moving bureaucracy continues to be a persistent issue. The government faces great challenges in consolidating Indonesia's democratic transition, restoring the country's economic momentum, and in bringing the benefits of development to all Indonesia's citizens. Among the key political issues with economic implications are periodic outbreaks of communal violence around the country, particularly in Central Sulawesi; demands for greater autonomy or independence in Papua; the presence of the regional terrorist organization Jemaah Islamiyah (JI); and deep-seated weaknesses in the rule of law at all levels throughout the country. Economical Factors Indonesia is considered as a developing country. They have hub of natural resources such as in oil production. The top exports of Indonesia are Coal Briquettes ($22.9B), Petroleum Gas ($17.4B), Palm Oil ($16.5B), Crude Petroleum ($11.3B) and Rubber ($7.45B). Indonesia also gains benefits from Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA) tariff cuts. Skilled Labour: Like any other countries, Indonesia also has severe shortages...
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...Property 380 Issues and Trends Report on the Affect of Climate Change and Peak Oil on the Auckland Property Market September 19th 2011 Contents Part One: Background on Main Issues 1.1 An explanation of Climate Change and Peak Oil (presenting both sides including the ongoing Climate Change debate and Peak Oil debate). 1.2 An identification of some key consequences the world faces if these threats are left unmitigated (including economic, ecological and social consequences). 1.3 An explanation of how the two purported challenges are intertwined (beyond the fact that burning fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases). 1.4 A presentation of current present evidence (or ‘purported evidence’) of the early stages of these consequences which are currently unfolding. Part Two: S.W.O.T. Analysis on the post-peak Auckland property market An analysis of the associated Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats from the perspective of a property investor making direct investments, using a retail property product type. 2.1 Strengths 2.2 Weaknesses 2.3 Opportunities 2.4 Threats Section 1.1: Climate Change and Peak Oil Climate Change Human activities such as driving cars, burning coal and deforestation produce greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide). These gases gather in the atmosphere, wrap around the earth and consequently trap the...
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...2010, more than 36% of the U.S. population identified themselves as members of a minority group (Hixson, Hepler & Kim, 2012). While many people face challenges in access to healthcare, members of minority populations face even greater barriers. In an effort to combat some of these difficulties, the Department of Health & Human Services established the Healthy People 2020 initiative. Healthy People 2020 is an evidence based plan designed to improve the health of our country’s people by reducing preventable health diseases (“About Healthy People”, 2010). The people native to the Hawaiian Islands face roadblocks to healthcare that are uncommon in the rest of the country, and the Healthy People 2020 action plan faces unusual considerations in Hawaii that are not concerns on the mainland (“Hawaii’s Healthy People”, 2012). Hawaii has long been thought of as paradise, with its temperate climate, beautiful beaches and the culture of its native people. While these visions of Hawaii may be true, Hawaii also suffers from exorbitant costs of living, geographically limited healthcare, and the dilution of a culture in which native Hawaiian people had flourished for nearly 1400 years (“A Brief History”, 2000). Even today, tribal medicine is the preferred form of healthcare for many kupunas, the word used to denote an “honored elder” amongst native Hawaiians (Wight, n.d.). In order to understand the healthcare challenges faced today by native Hawaiians, it is important to understand...
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...Table of Contents Introduction 3 1.0 Problem Statement 3 2.0 Situational Assessment / Environmental Scan: CREST ANALYSIS 5 2.1 Analysis of the Competitive Landscape 5 2.1.0 Porters Five Forces: Global Beverage Industry 5 2.3 Economic 7 2.4 Social 7 2.5 Technology 7 2.6 Natural 8 3.0 SWOT Analysis 9 4.0 Alternatives 9 4.1 Alternative #1: Maintain business model 9 4.2 Alternative #2: Change business model 10 4.3 Alternative #3: Combination of new product and sustainable conduct 11 5.0 Evaluation 12 5.1 Analysis of the Alternatives 12 5.1.0 Alternative 1 12 5.1.1 Alternative 2 13 5.1.2 Alternative 3 13 6.0 Recommendations 13 7.0 Action Plan 14 8.0 Contingency Plan 15 9.0 Conclusion 15 10.0 References 16 Introduction FIJI Water was founded David Gilmour a Canadian hotel and gold mining mogul. In 1996, FIJI Water started its operations in the Islands of Fiji (McMaster & Nowak, 2009). They leased land from the Fijian government that was located on top of a massive artesian aquifer in the Yaqara Valley of Fiji's main island (McMaster & Nowak, 2009). FIJI Water was able to successfully attract consumers to its pure artesian water with slogans like "untouched" and "unpolluted" (McMaster & Nowak, 2009). With adopting a successful branding and marketing strategy, FIJI Water gained competitive advantage over its competitors through creating a unique brand image that is portrayed healthy, trendy, and high-end. Recently, FIJI Water has been facing heavy...
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...Hawaii, the most recent state of the U.S., probably is one of the most popular tourism attractions around the world. Comprised of a chain of 132 islands, Hawaii attracts numerous tourists from around the world due to its gorgeous natural scenery, beautiful beaches, warm tropical climate and unique cultures. Compared to other leisure travel destinations, tourism industry in Hawaii has a longer history and unique features. This essay aims to analyze the development of Hawaii tourism as well as the typologies of tourists come to Hawaii according to a comprehensive research based on Butler’s (1980) model of tourist areas life cycle. According to the historical visitors data provided by Hawaii Tourism Authority (2012), Hawaii tourism witnessed a massive increase in the last half-century. The trend of development in the tourism industry in Hawaii from 1927 to 2012 (Data from 1942-1945 could not be found) is shown on the following two line charts. Figure1 & 2 sources: HTA 2012 Exploration Stage: 1870-1941 It is difficult to identify the starting point of tourism in Hawaii due to lack of access to reliable statistical data. Crampon (1976) noted that Hawaii’s tourist trade could go back to the early 19th century. However, his research showed that Hawaii became a real tourist destination in 1870 when regular steamship service between the U.S. west coast and Hawaii set up its first tourism bureau in 1903. It was obvious that the numbers of visitors at that time were restricted...
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...The deterioration of coral reefs is a huge warning sign for everyone internationally to implement more policies on coral reef conservation. The problem that is happening internationally is the deterioration of coral reefs. Coral reefs are one of the most endangered ecosystems worldwide. For the first time in history they will be included on the World Conservation Union’s red list of threatened species (Oliver). According to the United Nations Environment Program and the Nature Conservancy, “around 30 percent of the world's coral reefs are already damaged, some irreparably. At the present rate of destruction, by the year 2050, a breathtaking 70 percent of the world's reefs will have disappeared” (Oliver). In regions such as the Indo-Pacific, where 75 percent of the world’s reefs are located, reefs are being destroyed at 1 percent a year, which is “twice as fast as the rate of destruction of tropical rainforests”...
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...A JOINT STUDY OF THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE Disaster Risk Management in Asia and the Pacific ISSUES PAPER Disaster Risk Management in Asia and the Pacific Issues Paper April 2013 A Joint Study of the Asian Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank Institute © 2013 Asian Development Bank Institute All rights reserved. Published 2013. Printed in Japan Printed using vegetable oil-based inks on recycled paper; manufactured through a totally chlorine-free process. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Disaster risk management in Asia and the Pacific: issues paper / Asian Development Bank Institute p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Disaster incidence. 2. Vulnerability. 3. Social and economic impacts. I. Asian Development Bank Institute. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), or their Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB and ADBI do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB and ADBI do not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADBI encourages printing or copying...
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...Landscape development ; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development ;Appl ied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology and environment ii) Climatology : Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology and Urban climate. iii) Oceanography : Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sealevel changes; law of the sea and marine pollution. iv) Biogeography : : Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres. v) Environmental Geography : Principle of ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of...
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...Hainan to Become an International Tourism Island In 2010, Chinese Government delivered the “fundamental future blueprint and action plan for the development of Hainan International Tourism Island over the next few years.” This implies that Hainan, the southernmost as well as the only completely tropical, island province of China, is going to open its arm to the entire world and to focus on attracting foreign visitors while continue to welcome people from inland China. Located in the South China Sea and separated from the mainland by the 24-km Qiongzhou Strait, Hainan is 33 920 km2 in area with a population of about 7.79 million people in 2002, comprising 1.34 million (17.2 per cent) ethnic minorities.(Kai Gu, Geoffrey Wall, 2) To most Chinese, Hainan Island is a paradise which is unaffected by pollution yielded from heavy industry; it is also a wonderful place to spend the long, freezing winter of people from northern China. The fresh air, the moderate climate, the brightly shiny white beach, the natural formed hot spring, the clear seawater with colorful marine organisms and the abundant tropical plants and fruits are all the tourism resources attracting tourists year after year since ancient dynasties of China. However, with the restriction of inconvenient transportation and unopened policies of old time Chinese government, the mass tourism with foreign visitors had never formed. With the new policy declared, government will definitely put immense fund to pump up the foreigner-focused...
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...Climate Change The world’s changing climate will affect humans, ecosystems, cities and energy use, all in varying degrees (Gillard, 2011; Australian Catholic University, 2013b). This essay will describe the climate change issue and explain how it pertains to social justice and the common good. Climate change influences many different stakeholders, including governments, skeptics, the media, developing countries and future generations (ACU, 2013b). This essay will explore three of those perspectives being, developing countries, economists and Christians. It will identify the stakeholders, analyse their perspective highlighting their viewpoint on change. This viewpoint will be examined in terms of the common good and the principles of human flourishing and conclude discussing how the common good may best be served. Climate change is the change in the earth’s climate over many years. This change includes global warming, measured by the rise in the earth’s temperature (ACU, 2013b). For the purpose of this essay it is assumed that global warming results from human production of excess green house gases including carbon dioxide emissions (Gore, 2006). These gases form a layer in the earth’s atmosphere causing the sun’s rays to be reflected back down to earth and this called the Green House Effect further exacerbated by burning fossil fuels, deforestation and altering natural landscapes (ACU, 2013b). The effects of Global Warming are projected to rise over the next 50-100 years...
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...UNCTAD Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 For further information on UNCTAD’s work on trade logistics, please visit: http://unctad.org/ttl and for the Review of Maritime Transport 2014: http://unctad.org/rmt E-mail: rmt@unctad.org Layout and printed at United Nations, Geneva 1418912 (E)–November 2014–2,062 UNCTADRMT2014 United Nations publication Sales No. E.14.II.D.5 UNITED NATIONS ISBN 978-92-1-112878-9 Photo credit : © Jan Hoffmann To read more and to subscribe to the UNCTAD Transport Newsletter, please visit: http://unctad.org/transportnews U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 U n i t e d n at i o n s C o n f e r e n C e o n t r a d e a n d d e v e l o p m e n t Review of MaRitiMe tRanspoRt 2014 New York and Geneva, 2014 REVIEW OF MARITIME TRANSPORT 2014 ii NOTE The Review of Maritime Transport is a recurrent publication prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat since 1968 with the aim of fostering the transparency of maritime markets and analysing relevant developments. Any factual or editorial corrections that may prove necessary, based on comments made by Governments, will be reflected in a corrigendum to be issued subsequently. * ** Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Use of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. * ** The designations...
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