...Nunavut is a territory located in the northern Canada that has a low average temperature due to the high latitudes. Data from the climate graph of Iqaluit, depicts that this region is in a arctic climate region because of the extremely cold average temperature and very little precipitation. The accurate data shows that the total annual precipitation averages 422mm and displays that the annual temperature ranges from -27.2℃ to 7.0℃ which is a 34.1℃ difference (Climate-Data.Org). Although Iqaluit is near a body of water, I think the body of water won’t raise the quantity of precipitation because of the extreme cold temperatures that slows down the evaporation rate and the ice that is occupying much of ocean’s surface. Ultimately, it is a difficult decision to define Iqaluit as either maritime or continental climate due to the fact that this area is near a body of water but has features of a continental climate region. However, since the climate of...
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...argued points. Do you think our federal-provincial system of government makes it impossible to pass effective environmental legislation? Would you change anything about the division of powers between the federal and provincial/territorial governments in order to improve the design and implementation of environmental policy in Canada? Is environmental policy superior in the United States (can we learn any lessons from their approach including things to avoid)? Can you find any examples of successful provincial/federal cooperation on environmental policy implementation in Canada? Finally, do you think that we are in for a new era of environmental policy cooperation with the election of a new government this fall? Post 1: Hi Kristen, In addition to your extensive research on the comparison of both the US and Canada’s differences in environmental policy, I have done some research myself and have read an interesting article that discusses lessons from America for environmental law enforcement in Canada. The textbook has done a great job synthesizing information and giving an overview of environmental policies in both countries, but the journal critically assesses government efforts and outlines key policy differences. This journal first discusses jurisdictional differences in regards to environmental law in the US and Canada stemming from their...
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...and has consequently provided the Arctic with strong regional significance. This global issue of climate change is presenting numerous challenges to Canada and the United States. The Yukon Territory and Alaska, both located in the northwest, are directly experiencing the consequences of this meltdown. The neighboring allies will definitely witness a change in their special relationship while combating this issue of climate change. The three fronts which affect the Canada and U.S. relationship are environmental degradation in Alaska and Yukon, sovereignty and border disputes, and lastly the battle for the natural resources in the Arctic. The two approaches which will facilitate in comprehending and further analyzing these issues are realism and complex interdependence. Realism describes international politics as a struggle for power dominated by organized violence in an anarchic international system. Complex interdependence challenges the realist assumption while synthesizing elements of realism and liberalism. Complex interdependence rejects the realist notion of an anarchic international system, and instead works towards a system of cooperative security, instead of just a balance in power. To deal with the rising concerns in the Arctic, Canada and the United States will most likely resort to cooperation which will then bring forth compromises. This paper argues that the Canada and U.S. relationship in the Arctic is best...
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...Climate Change and How the Media Portrays It The average educated person would define climate change as the average weather changing or global warming. It is patterns of temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind and seasons. Climate is what makes up all natural ecosystems and is what helps sustain these ecosystems. The climate change today is changing the world. It’s affecting the natural ecosystems negatively. This is because climate is tied to almost everything. The change in climate will change the way people, animals, and plants have to survive. For example, a change in the usual timing of rains or temperatures can affect when plants bloom, when certain bugs hatch, or when streams are at their highest level. This can affect pollination of crops, food for migrating birds, spawning of fish, water supplies for drinking, forest health, and much more. Many people mistake global warming and climate change to be the same thing. Although they are very similar, global warming is what causes climate change. Global warming is the rising of global temperature and ocean temperature. This is what causes the climate change events listed above. Global warming is a global event while climate change is a more regional change in the atmosphere. There are many people who think climate change is not happening. The National Academy of Science has studied climate change and confirmed that it is real and humans are causing it. According to the Climate Impacts Group at the University...
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...Current Event Review – Climate Change in the North Summary of Event and Background Canadian North is the forefront of the climate change and its effect can be seen very evidently on the daily basis. Warmer temperatures have led to changes in shifting tree line, major impact on several species especially caribou population; other wildlife species foreign to this area moving further north from the south like cougar and whitetail deer. North is also facing problems with territory’s winter road network for example due to the reduced thickness of ice roads, Diavik Diamond Mine in Northern Canada were forced to fly in fuel rather than try to transporting it – costed extra $11.25 million. Melting of permafrost is another concern as it’s affecting the buildings and housing, leading to changes in building techniques. It also causes methane to release which is another greenhouse gas that adds to the mix of warming agents heating our planet. Climate change is also effecting water world as certain fish species are disappearing. Even though, it is very small contributor to CO2 emission, the territory is dependent on international and national actions to and is at mercy from outside to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to briefing document prepared for Prime Minister Trudeau, it states that average temperature has increased 1.6 degree Celsius which is almost twice as much since 1948. If we look at Canadian North, the temperature has risen by about 3 times the global average –...
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...Natalie Cannon Dr. Jana Davis English 1127, 029 18 November 2013 Organic Farming as a Solution to Climate Change Climate change threatens the sustainability of food production. At the same time, conventional food production threatens the sustainability of the climate. In Canada, the agricultural sector is responsible for eight percent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions translate to 56.6 million metric tonnes of carbon equivalents. An extra three percent can be added to that number for “Agricultural fossil fuel and energy use” (Environmental p 111, figure 16-2). Canada needs to take responsibility and remedy emissions. Wonderfully, organic farming has the potential to mitigate climate change with sustainable food production by creating diverse farms that support farmers and soil health; and by drastically reducing GHG emissions by opting for inexpensive, low-energy, natural pesticides and fertilizers. Organic farming will mitigate climate change by protecting against soil erosion. Soil erosion is the removal of valuable topsoil sometimes caused by naturally occurring processes such as wind, rain, and drought. Often, soil erosion is caused by a combination of factors. For instance, if drought occurs topsoil becomes dry. If after the drought large amounts of wind approach that dry land in a storm, the soil will be blown away. Soil is a complex living organism filled with inorganic matter like sand, silt, and clay; and organic matter abundant with worms, microorganisms...
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...Toronto political science professor, “Canada has long been a successful pioneer in generating multilateral environmental agreements and and institutions for the global community, and its legacy…generates exceptional domestic unity and international respect” (Abstract). Canada’s respect for the environment stems from its profound understanding of the impact other countries have had on its own lands, fisheries, and other natural resources over the years. Canada’s role in global environmental governance (GEP), then, has always been large and well-defined; as Tanner put it, “Canada has taken a leading role” (p. 1). Canada and the Basel Convention The Basel Convention of 1989 was signed on March 22 of that year, and now includes 172 countries. The Basel Convention was based on concern about the transboundary movement and the disposal of hazardous wastes which was first raise in the late 1970s and early 1980s (Government of Canada, “Basel Convention”). Canada was a part of the Convention’s development and one off its original signatories; Canada also participated in global environmental governance (GEP) by using the Export and Import of Hazardous Waste Regulations (a prior governing law known as EIHWR) to enforce hazardous waste laws already in effect (Government of Canada, “Basel Convention”). Canada has been and continues to be a major participant in the Basel Convention actions; the Waste Reduction and Management Division of Environment Canada has attended, organized, and led numerous...
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...world” (McBride, 2011, p. 10). To fully understand globalization one should consider all aspects such as, social, culture, technology, economic and political. Globalization has mainly impacted foreign policy, but it has also had an effect on domestic policies. Both policies are not only influenced by globalization, there are various other factors that contribute to the formation of public policies. Often times it can prove difficult to separate the effects that impact both forms of public policy because they are intertwined. Need thesis statement – what are you arguing or exploring in this paper. Also, should there be definitions in your intro? Maybe consider breaking the intro into 2 paragraphs. Governmental policies in Canada today continue to change and evolve along with the needs of people and the consequences of globalization. More recently were the creation of polices that resulted from the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The aftermath of this event caused a significant shift in politics all around the world. One of the most...
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...corresponding final paper in HESS if available. Reply to D. L. Peters’ comment on “Streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada” by Rasouli et al. (2013) K. Rasouli1 , M. A. Hernández-Henríquez2 , and S. J. Déry2 Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada 2 1 Reply to comment on “Streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada” by Rasouli et al. (2013) K. Rasouli et al. | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper Title Page Abstract Conclusions Tables Introduction References Figures Received: 8 October 2014 – Accepted: 16 October 2014 – Published: 4 November 2014 Correspondence to: S. J. Déry (sdery@unbc.ca) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. | Back Close Discussion Paper Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 12257 | Discussion Paper Abstract This paper provides a reply to a comment from Peters (2014) on our recent effort focused on evaluating changes in streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada. Lake Athabasca experienced a 21.2 % decline in streamflow input between 1960 and 2010 that has led to a marked decline in its water levels in recent decades. A reassessment of trends in naturalized Lake Athabasca water levels shows insignificant changes from our previous findings reported in Rasouli et al. (2013), and hence our previous conclusions remain unchanged...
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...Government Subsidies CANADA'S PERVERSE SUBSIDIES TO OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY 6 The lack of reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, as required in the Kyoto Protocol, by Canada's Oil and Gas industry can be blamed on the “perverse” subsidies provided by the Canadian government. According to the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP), in 2011, Canada is rated as “... the third largest producer of natural gas... and the seventh largest producer of crude oil in the world.” Since Canada's Oil and Gas industry is a major supplier in the world market, government subsidies that support the exploration of new methods of extracting resources as they become more inaccessible and scarce is justifiable; but according to Ecojustice (2010) Canada supplies billions in subsidies to the Oil and Gas industry annually while greenhouse gas emissions skyrocket. This violates the requirements set out in the Kyoto Protocol as well as affects Canada's reputation in the global marketplace as organizations such as the OECD question this government practice. The government of Canada supports a global-scale industry at the expense of its taxpayers; which given the amplitude of the industry, it is highly unnecessary for such a government policy to exist. Basic statistics provided by CAPP show that the oil reserve at year-end 2006 was about 14 billion barrels whereas now, Canada's oil reserve in 2011 is a shocking 175 billion barrels with 170 extracted using current...
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...Global Warming in the Arctic Myles Ross November 15th, 2013 Throughout the past 100 years, climate change has been a very noticeable issue worldwide. The speed of temperature excursion has been the highest it’s been since the Stone Age (Module 7). Climate Change can be considered caused through greenhouse gases, water vapor, albedo and solar radiation (Model 7). Combined, these factors cause radioactive forcing, which highly contributes to the Earth’s energy balance (Module 7). The change in Earths energy balance has had a large influence on the increase in mean global temperature (Module 7). Now that the factors of Global warming have been discussed, overviewing the causes of the issue will be beneficial to determine possible solutions for the changing climate. Scientists have determined human activity as being a significant cause of global climate change. According to Module 7, humans are responsible for 93% of the total change in climate. The source of human causation can be through an impacted on the greenhouse gas effect and land-type conversions (Module 7). As the world becomes continually warmer, the effect of climate change in the arctic regions becomes more intense. Within the past 50 years, arctic regions in Canada have experienced warming of 2 to 3 degrees Celsius (Fergal & Prowse, 2007). One of the most important areas in the Canadian arctic is the Cryosphere (Appendix A), which is the area consisting of season snow cover, permafrost glaciers, and...
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...Climate change is a by-product of a global economic system based on cheap fossil fuel energy that powers our homes, vehicles, offices and factories. Summaries of climate science and modeling, such as those undertaken by the International Panel on Climate Change tell us that a “business as usual” trajectory of rising greenhouse gas emissions (or even maintaining emissions at current levels) threatens the very survival of humans, not to mention other animals and plants. (Lee, Mark, and Kenneth I., 11) As the world is increasingly focusing on environmental awareness, a new “green” trend has arisen. This research essay will discuss the issue of sustainability of the environment in production, growing consumer interest in the green trend, and how it is affecting businesses. The effects of an altered climate are already evident in retreating glaciers, shrinking polar ice, droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events. As environmental awareness is becoming more common, and since production industries tend to think in terms of the long run (Wilson, Tim) there is a demand for a transformational shift towards sustainable systems of production and consumption, however many people confuse being green with being sustainable. To be green, substances from the earth's core must not be extracted faster than they're regenerated, pollutants must not be discharged into the atmosphere faster than the earth's systems can clean them, and surface level resources must not be destroyed or harvested...
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...help familiarize newcomers with Canadian life and culture. The variety of topics covered include: housing, banking, transportation, weather, shopping, health, law and education. The staff also provides assistance with forms including: Application for Social Insurance Number, Manitoba Health Card, Child Tax Benefit, Manitoba Tax Benefit, 55+, Shelter allowance and Manitoba Housing. There is also information on completing Immigration forms such as: Permanent Resident Card, Sponsorship Applications, and Citizenship Applications. This year settlement staff met clients from 101 countries and quickly adapted to changes in the immigration application process. For instance, last year, the Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) released new application forms for permanent residence. Although it required a phase of awkward transition for some clients, the staff took this change positively by helping clients understand how the new forms differ from the old ones and why these new forms have to be used. City | Toronto | Montreal | Vancouver | Calgary | Edmonton | Ottawa | Winnipeg | Halifax | Population (metropolitan) | 5.6 million | 3.8 million | 2.3 million | 1.2 million | 1.1 million | 1.2 million | 0.7 million | 0.4 million | Born Overseas | 49% | 21% | 38% | 22% | 19% | 18% | 17% | 7% | Visible Minorities | 43% | 16% | 37% | 19% | 23% | 14% | 13% | 7% | Average House Price Late 2012 | $479 K | $331 K | $684 K | $420 K | $329 K | $337 K | $258 K | $269 K | Average Full...
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...Can Canada be punished for Violating Global Warming Pacts? Canada in fact can and will be punished for Violating Global warming effects, if not by legal terms internationally, there will be consequences for their actions. Background Canada has violated the Global warming Pact called the “Kyoto Protocol”. “The view that human activities are likely responsible for most of the observed increase in global mean temperature ("global warming") since the mid-20th century is an accurate reflection of current scientific thinking. Human-induced warming of the climate is expected to continue throughout the 21st century and beyond.” The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty that places necessary responsibility on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC is an environmental treaty with the goal of preventing "dangerous" anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) interference of the climate system. According to the UNFCC website, the Protocol "recognises that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity, and places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities'." There are 192 parties to the convention, including 191 states (all the UN members, except Andorra, Canada, South Sudan and the United States) and...
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...Geography Exam Review: 1. A mental map is a map you remember in your head. Some uses of mental maps are mall maps, map to get home, and maps of your homes. 2. The ten provinces are British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, P.E.I, Newfound, Labrador, and Manitoba. The three territories are Yukon, Nunavut, and Northwest Territories. 3. The four ways to compare countries are population, wealth, size, and language. This is important to geographers because they can compare countries and to know there attractions. 4. Population density is the amount of people within 1 km2. If Canada's population is 31000000 and the area is 9922000 km2, the population density would be 3.12 people per 2 km2.(divide population by area) 5. The six main features of a map is the legend, borders, directions, colours, title, and date. Three types of maps are mental map, road maps, and mine maps. The three main map projections are Polar, Mercator, and Equal area. Mercator has a rectangular outline, good direction, and good shape. Equal area has an oval area, good size, and shows the whole earth. Polar has latitude lines are circle, circular outline, and shows part of the hemisphere. 6. The four coordinate directions are North, South, East, and West. The ordinal directions area Northeast,Southeast, Southwest, Northwest. 7. The three different types of grid systems are military, longitude and latitude, and alphanumeric. Latitude and longitude grids are used to...
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