...DEMOCRACY * Give a comprehensive appraisal of the revival of democracy after the interregnum of 1999-2002. (2002) * Debate, National Interests VS Democratic Values in the context of recent political and constitutional developments in Pakistan. (2003) * The rise of religious extremism and militancy has become a major challenge to Pakistan’s internal stability and promotion of democracy. Elaborate. (2008) * Why most countries of the Muslim world are devoid of democratic governance? What changes would you recommend to make them modern democratic states? (2009) * Democracy in Pakistan has remained an elusive dream. Why it has taken so long to develop a road map and follow it with necessary modification? Explain (2009) GOVERNANCE * Governance through ordinances has been the hallmark of all regimes, democratic or otherwise, in Pakistan. In this context briefly review Pakistan’s political, constitutional and judicial landmarks. (2000) * Note: Ramification of Taliban’s style governance. (2000) * Pakistan is suffering from crises of governance at Institutional level. Suggest remedies to mitigate this situation. (2007) GLOBALIZATION * Discuss politics of World Trade Organization and Globalization. (2000) * Globalization, as being shaped by the World Trade Organization in a world of un-equal nation-slates, has un-manageable implications. Discuss. (2003) 911 CONSEQUENCES * “A single catastrophic event –‘Nine Eleven’ – has turned the entire...
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...Global Warming GLOBAL WARMING: AN ESSAY. E ven among my small circle of friends, there seem to be polarized beliefs about global warming, or climate change. I sampled six months of columns and editorials in the Wall Street Journal and discovered that the universal angle of the full sample was to argue about how expensive this or that action to confront climate change might be and to imply that there was nothing profound here to justify such an expense. (I randomly looked up and read about twelve such pieces.) I was looking for data, and all I could find was this kind of polemic. On the other hand, if you read EAARTH by Bill McKibben, his argument is that the case for warming is closed, the planet has already dangerously warmed up, and the challenges now are all about how we are going to adjust to living in the new environment. Wow, is that a spread or not? Along the way, I have sampled other sources as far stretched as Wikipedia, Michael Crichton’s book, State of Fear, a recent cover story in the Economist on deforestation, googled dissenting views on global warming and processed through the many discussions I have had with people. I am in search for the common thread of sense that runs through this dialogue. Along the way, one is always trying to decipher among (1) who has facts, (2) who thinks they are conveying truth, and (3) who is interpreting their belief system as fact. Am I now the one who will call my opinion fact? I hope not. There is one saving grace to all of...
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...CURRICULUM OF GEOGRAPHY For 4 years BS & 2 years MS (Revised 2009) | | HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION ISLAMABAD CURRICULUM DIVISION, HEC Dr. Syed Sohail H. Naqvi Executive Director Prof. Dr. Altaf Ali G. Shahikh Member (Acad) Miss Ghayyur Fatima Director (Curri) Mr. M. Tahir Ali Shah Deputy Director (Curri) Mr. Shafiullah Deputy Director Composed by Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, HEC Islamabad CONTENTS 1. Introduction………………………………… 6 2. Aims and Objectives……………………… 10 3. Standardized Format for 4-years BS degree programme ………………………. 12 4. Scheme of Studies for BS …………………. 14 5. Details of Courses for BS …………………. 16 6. Elective Group Papers ……………………. 45 7. Scheme of Studies for MS Programme …. 48 8. Details of Courses for MS …………………. 50 9. Optional Courses Model……………………. 56 10. Recommendations …………………………. 61 11. Annexures A,B,C,D & E …………………… 63 PREFACE Curriculum of a subject is said to be the throbbing pulse of a nation. By looking at the curriculum one can judge the state of intellectual development and the state of progress of the nation. The world has turned into a global village; new ideas and information are pouring in like a stream. It is, therefore, imperative to update our curricula regularly by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields of knowledge. In exercise...
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...Climate change has damage the planet beyond repair. Melissa Giannotti (1100 words) ‘Unless we announce a disasters, no one will listen’ (J.Houghton, 1994). The continuous struggle to halt climate change and save the world is perhaps the biggest challenge the humanity has ever faced. The world-threatening rise in temperatures, the extinction of species and the flooding of oceans, is coming under challenge as never before. The world has known about global warming since the late 1970s, but since that time a little has been done to halt it. This essay sets out to examine why is too late to find a solution to save the planet. The first thing to get straight is to define the meaning of climate change. Climate change involves any changes in weather patterns, such as colder, wetter, cloudier, and windier condition. According to McGuire (2008,a), over the 4.6 billion year history of our planet, the climate has constantly changed in response to several factors. Until now, many have argued that since the industrialization has started, more greenhouses have been added to the atmosphere, causing the warming Earth’s climate. In fact, research conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2013) states that the warming of the climate system is certain. Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer than any previous decade since the 1850. For instance, the evidence demonstrate a clear increase in warming of 0.85 [0.65 to1.06]°C over the period 1880 to 2012...
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...to the rise of nationalism, the coming of independence and partition, the consolidation of new nation states despite regional wars and conflicts, and the emergence of India as the largest democracy in the world, this paper is a comprehensive and analytical survey of the subcontinent's modern history. The dynamic and complex relationships between changing forms of political power and religious identities, economic transformations, and social and cultural change are studied in the period from 1757 to 2007. In normal circumstances students will be given 6 supervisions in groups of 1 or 2. Key themes and brief overview: The paper begins by examining the rise of British power in the context of economic developments indigenous to southern Asia; it analyses the role played by Indian polities and social groups in the expansion of the East India Company's activities. It tracks the emergence of modern intelligentsias and their definitions of what constituted proper religious, public and domestic behaviour. The paper places these changes in the context of the concurrent decline of Indian handicrafts and the impact of British revenue arrangements on rural society, and explores India's place in the...
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...carrying 600 marks in all but not more than 200 marks from a single group. 2. A candidate shall answer the language papers in the language concerned. The question paper in Islamiat is to be answered in Urdu or English. All other papers must be answered in English. Violation of this instruction shall incur cancellation of the concerned paper(s) and consequently award of Zero. 3. The compulsory and optional subjects and maximum marks fixed for each subject shall be as below: Sr. No. 1 2 3 COMPULSORY SUBJECTS Subjects English (Précis & Composition) English Essay General Knowledge (a) Current Affairs 100 (b) Every Day Science 100 (c) Pakistan Affairs 100 Islamiat Viva Voce Total Maximum Marks 100 100 300 100 300 900 600 120 4 5 Qualifying marks in the aggregate of written papers: Qualifying marks in the Viva Voce: The non-Muslim candidates will have the option to take Islamiat as a compulsory subject or otherwise Pakistan Affairs (General Knowledge PaperIII) will be treated of 200 marks and counted in lieu of Islamiat. A candidate who fails to appear in any of the compulsory subject will not be allowed to appear in the remaining papers of the examination. No candidate shall be summoned for Viva voce test unless he has obtained at least 33 percent marks in each optional subject, 40% in the each compulsory subject and 50% marks in the aggregate of the written portion of the Examination. No candidate shall be considered to have qualified the examination unless...
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...India and Pakistan India and Pakistan, both are countries with a long history in their upcoming. In this essay I will discuss the history, geographical, social, family and ethical context. Also, I will cover three short stories in the text “Multicultural Voices” (written by Richard D. Lewis,2005) along with a movie called “Chandni Bar” (Directed by: Madhur Bhandarkar, 2001). India is the seventh largest country in the world that lies entirely on the Indian plate. It lies right above the equator and has a variety of different types of land. Mostly the Himalayan Mountain range defines the northern frontiers of India, where the counties are bordered by China, Bhutan, and Nepal. Its western boarder is Pakistan, which has the Punjab Plain and The Thar Desert. It is bordered in the Northeast by the Chin and Kachin hills with thick-forested mountains that separate India and Burma. Pakistan is bordered with the West part of India. On the Western side of Pakistan borders Afghanistan. Its landscape consists of plains, deserts, forest, hills and plateaus. In India lies the longest river Ganges. The Ganges, Indus and the Brahmaputra rivers form the Indo-Gangetic plain, which covers most of the Northern, Central and Eastern parts of India. The Thar Desert covers most of the western side of India and the Deccan Plateau Covers the Southern side. The highest point in India is the Kanchenjunga, at a height of 28,209 feet. The first civilization of India happened in Indus Valley around...
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...Every place, country, city, region has its own climate. Climate plays one of the important roles in people’s life. Climate is defined as the average weather, which means variety of weather conditions as rain, snow, hail, sun, and wind over period of time about 30 years that can be measured in any particular place.( IPCC Third Assessment Report - Climate Change 2001; editor:A.P.Baede) Climate change is a variation of average weather. There are 2 causes of climate change. The first is human activity which includes deforestation, burning fossil fuels, agriculture, transportation and infrastructure. The second is natural causes which include volcanic eruptions and variations in solar outputs. These causes have negative effect on the natural environment which leads to increasing of temperature, increasing in sea level, changing of precipitations, extremely weather, killing species of animals, birds, fish and plants. This essay will show that the causes of climate change have different effects on the environment. Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations, volcanic eruptions and solar outputs, have negative impacts on animals, plants, and environment. Climate is always changeable. One winter can be early, another late; one summer wet, another dry (Carter 2000,34). For the last century climate has dramatically changed. Consequences of climate change may manifest itself as rapid and through the long period of time. Climate change could lead to number of catastrophic disasters as droughts...
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...funds from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, KVINFO has established partnerships with more than 70 partners in the Middle East, North Africa and Denmark with the aim of strengthening gender equality and women’s rights. PROGRAMME WOMEN IN A CHANGING MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA – FACING CHALLENGES AND SEIZING OPPORTUNITIES APRIL 16TH 2012 THE ROYAL LIBRARY, QUEENS HALL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK 09.15-09.45 09.45-10.00 10.00-10.15 10.15-10.35 REGISTRATION AND COFFEE Welcome speech by Director of KVINFO, Ms. Elisabeth Møller Jensen Opening speech by Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Villy Søvndal Special address by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Ms. Tawakkul Karman AFTERNOON SESSION 13.45-15.00 “Seizing Change – Who are the promoters of change and how will they drive the agenda for equality and inclusion in the MENA region” Examples of and experiences from successful promotion of equality and women’s rights across the region. Panel of Experts: • Ms. Fatima Sidiqi, Professor of Linguistics and Gender Studies and President of the National Union of Women’s Organizations, Morocco • Ms. Jamila Garmouma, Member of the presidium of the Fédération de la Ligue Démocratique des Droits des Femmes (FLDDF), Morocco • Ms. Nadia Shamroukh, General Manager of the Jordanian Women’s Union, Jordan Ms. Tanya Habjouqa, Photographer, Jordan • Mr. Yahia Zaid, Project coordinator, Nazra for Feminist Studies, Egypt 15.00-15.20 15.20-15.50 15.50-15.55 COFFEE BREAK Questions and Comments...
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...MAINSTREAMING Disaster Risk Reduction IN SCHOOLS’ CURRICULUA (ANALYTICAL INSTRuMENT FOR POLICY ADVOCACY) By, AmjAd NAzeer Indus ConsortIum (IC) (December 2012, IslamabaD, Pakistan) 0 “Things like DRR need to be there in the textbooks. Aspired to interpret, we ourselves will learn further and teach children better. Children will in turn explain things to their younger brothers and sisters, even to their parents and to those who cannot read or write. The new learning has a capacity to inform, who should do what during, before or after a disaster.” Ali Akbar, A primary school teacher in Chack Tumb Bhel, U.C Khoski, Badin. “Disaster Reduction Begins at School” (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2006-8) 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..……3 2. Growing Frequency of Natural Disasters: A Major Concern……..….…………7 3. Relevant UN Conventions and Other International Commitments….…………7 4. Impact of Natural Disasters on Children and Schools.……………………….....9 5. Education and Psychosocial Impact on Children………………………………10 6. Connecting Education, Safe Schooling and DRR……………………………...10 7. Significance of Mainstreaming DRR in Curriculum and Children’s Potential Role....…………………………………...……………………………………….…12 8. Approaches to Integrate DRR with Sindh and Punjab’s Textbooks….…..…..14 8.1. Infusion or Permeation Approach…………….…………………………………16 8.1.1. Holistic Review of Sindhi, Urdu And English Textbooks….……………..…17 8.1.1.1. Sindhi and Asaan...
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...Williams College Marketing principles Submitted by : TASK1 This essay will have a brief definition and explanation of the marketing process and the evaluationn of costs and benefits of the marketing orientation. Marketing is a procedure of planning and conducting ideas and strategies in order to satisfy consumers and organizations. The marketing process contains: * Situation analysis * 5c analysis. Company, customers, competitors, collaborators, climate. * PEST analysis. For macro-environmental political, economic, societal, and technological factors * SWOT analysis. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats-for the internal and external situation. * Marketing strategy * Once the best opportunity to satisfy unfulfilled customer needs is identified, strategic plan for opportunity can be developed. * Marketing mix decisions * Product development- specifying, and production the first nuits of the Product * Priming décisions * Distribution contacts * Promotional campaign development * Implementation and control At this point in the process, the marketing plan has been developed and the product has been launched. Given that few environments are static, the result of the marketing effort should be monitored closely. * The advanatges and disavantages of marketing orientation are A company with a marketing orientation has a strategic focus centered on awareness...
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...Scientific Research and Essay Vol.4 (11), pp. 1260-1270, November, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE ISSN 1992-2248 © 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The role of science and technology education at network age population for sustainable development of Bangladesh through human resource advancement Gazi Mahabubul Alam Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail: gazi.alam@um.edu.my. Tel: +6037967 5077. Fax + 603-7967 5010. Accepted 25 September, 2009 Education is supposed to play a vital role for the development of a nation. Many countries made progression through education. Nevertheless, some of them also failed to retain the development achieved since these countries failed to supply required skilled workforce for emerging economics caused by globalization and rapid change of economic pattern. This now forces policymakers to prioritize the production of skilled manpower that can contribute for sustainable development. The countries that achieved sustainable development have given a high priority to science and technology education in formulating education policy. Bangladesh has no more alternatives in order to gain development, except properly utilizing its population. Bangladesh’s economy and human development could have grown faster than its actual progression in the last 25 years (that is, since independence in 1971), if it had earlier taken substantial steps in educational...
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...Scientific Research and Essay Vol.4 (11), pp. 1260-1270, November, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE ISSN 1992-2248 © 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper The role of science and technology education at network age population for sustainable development of Bangladesh through human resource advancement Gazi Mahabubul Alam Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail: gazi.alam@um.edu.my. Tel: +6037967 5077. Fax + 603-7967 5010. Accepted 25 September, 2009 Education is supposed to play a vital role for the development of a nation. Many countries made progression through education. Nevertheless, some of them also failed to retain the development achieved since these countries failed to supply required skilled workforce for emerging economics caused by globalization and rapid change of economic pattern. This now forces policymakers to prioritize the production of skilled manpower that can contribute for sustainable development. The countries that achieved sustainable development have given a high priority to science and technology education in formulating education policy. Bangladesh has no more alternatives in order to gain development, except properly utilizing its population. Bangladesh’s economy and human development could have grown faster than its actual progression in the last 25 years (that is, since independence in 1971), if it had earlier taken substantial steps in educational development...
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...CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT WORD COUNT: 2568 Date of submission: 07/01/2013 Q. Referring to material from the unit, critically evaluate how the passage relates to issues concerning the business activities of MNCs and the concept of ethical leadership. ‘For however strong you may be in respect of your army, it is essential that in entering a new Province you should have the good will of its inhabitants. Hence it happened that Louis XII of France, speedily gaining possession of Milan, as speedily lost it; … For the very people who had opened the gates to the French King, when they found themselves deceived in their expectations and hopes of future benefits, could not put up with the insolence of their new ruler.’ ‘I conclude, therefore, that when a prince has the goodwill of the people he must not worry about conspiracies; but when the people are hostile and regard him with hatred he must go in fear of everything and everyone. Well-organized states and wise princes have always taken great pains not to make the nobles despair, and to satisfy the people and keep them content; this is one of the most important tasks a prince must undertake.’ (Machiavelli, 1513) A. The extract from Machiavelli’s, The Prince demonstrates a strong correlation to the issues involved in the business activities of modern day MNCs and the concept of ethical leadership. According to Resick, Hanges, Dickson, & Mitcheluson (2006), analysing data from the global leadership and...
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...Introduction This report will examine the world economy in general these issues. In this way, people can learn basic information about the world economy. Also global economy can be seen as the economy of global society and national economies – as economies of local societies, making the global one. It can be evaluated in various kinds of ways. It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of Earth, and is therefore something of a misnomer, since, while definitions and representations of the "world economy" vary widely, they must at a minimum exclude any consideration of resources or value based outside of the Earth. This report would talk about several definition would used during the world economy. Finding 1. Free trade Free trade is the interchange of goods and services (but not of capital or labor) unhindered by high tariffs, nontariff barriers (such as quotas), and onerous or unilateral requirements or processes (businessdictionary, 2015). The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral rules-based trade bloc in North America. U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico support more than three million American jobs and U.S. trade with NAFTA partners has unlocked opportunity for millions of Americans by supporting Made-in-America jobs and exports(businessdictionary, 2015). As the U.S.’ two largest export markets, Canada and Mexico buy more Made-in-America goods and services than any...
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