...This article was downloaded by: [Texas A&M University-Commerce] On: 05 January 2015, At: 16:08 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Geopolitics Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fgeo20 Rethinking Climate Change, Conflict and Security Jan Selby & Clemens Hoffmann a a b Department of International Relations, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK b Department of International Relations, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey Published online: 30 Oct 2014. Click for updates To cite this article: Jan Selby & Clemens Hoffmann (2014) Rethinking Climate Change, Conflict and Security, Geopolitics, 19:4, 747-756, DOI: 10.1080/14650045.2014.964866 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2014.964866 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon...
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... S P E C I A L E N V I R O N M E N T I S S U E S ------------------------------------------------- Natural gas a weak weapons against climate change ------------------------------------------------- Texas and Antarctica attacked, Rocks hint ------------------------------------------------- 2011 Among Hottest years, marked by extreme weathers ------------------------------------------------- Planting Wind Energy on Farms May Help Farmers ------------------------------------------------- With Gas Prices High, U.S. Refinery Closures Hit Workers and Drivers How to Win the War On GLOBAL WARMING NATURAL GAS WEAK WEAPONS AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Nathan Myhrvold found "some really counterintuitive results" when he and study coauthor Ken Caldeira set out to see what the climate effect would be if the world switched from coal power plants (like the one seen above in West Virginia) to natural gas and other sources. INDEX ------------------------------------------------- Natural gas a weak weapons against climate change pg 3 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 2011 Among Hottest years, marked by extreme weathers pg 8 ------------------------------------------------- Texas and Antarctica attacked, Rocks hint pg 4 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Comparison between California and Texas There are many things to consider and compare when deciding to move to another location. One has to consider the climate, cultures, economics, crime rate, and agriculture. Some states are so different, they don’t seem like they’re in the same country. Many people move to California or Texas for the vast opportunities. The climates in California range from cool wintry weather in the north, to sunny and hot weather in the south. Texas weather changes from hot to rainy and sometimes too cold with some areas with sleet and snow. Californians take pride in their location, and they are proud to live in one of the most diverse places in the continent of the United States. The environment plays a role in attracting good employees and keeping them healthy. Forbes in 2007 ranked California as the 14th greenest state in the nation, and gave Texas a rank of 34. The publication based its ranking on such factors as energy consumption and pollution (KQED.org news). The housing in California is a lot more expensive than in Texas. There’s no point relocating to another state if your employees can’t find a place to live. According to Trulia.com, the median sales price of a home in California is $452,000, compared to only $144,900 in Texas (KQED.org news). The school system in California the students are taught very different compared to the students in Texas. The scores of tests that are given between the two states explain very much the difference about...
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...------------------------------------------------- Marfa, Texas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Marfa, Texas | City | Presidio County courthouse in Marfa | Location of Marfa in Presidio County, Texas | Marfa, TexasLocation in the United States of America | Coordinates: 30°18′43″N 104°1′29″WCoordinates: 30°18′43″N 104°1′29″W | Country | United States | State | Texas | County | Presidio | Government | • Mayor | Dan Dunlap | Area | • Total | 1.6 sq mi (4.1 km2) | • Land | 1.6 sq mi (4.1 km2) | • Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) | Elevation | 4,685 ft (1,428 m) | Population (2010) | • Total | 1,981 | • Density | 1,354.6/sq mi (523.0/km2) | Time zone | Central (CST) (UTC-6) | • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ZIP code | 79843 | Area code | 432 | FIPS code | 48-46620[1] | GNIS feature ID | 1340942[2] | Website | marfacc.com | Marfa is a city in the high desert of the Trans-Pecos in far West Texas, located between the Davis Mountains and Big Bend National Park. It is the county seat of Presidio County, and its population as of the 2010 United States Census was 1,981. The city was founded in the early 1880s as a waterstop; the population increased during World War II, but the growth stalled and reversed somewhat during the late 20th century. Today, Marfa is a tourist destination and a major center for Minimalist art. Attractions include Building 98, the Chinati Foundation, artisan shops, historical architecture, a classic Texas town square, modern art installments...
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...effects. These studies concluded that a negative relationship exists between taxes and economic growth. Taxes have a negative impact on economic growth because of how they influence the activities individuals and firms choose to engage in. Businesses and individuals often base their decisions on the overall tax burden, which creates a disincentive to engage in activities taxed at a higher rate. The Tax Foundation evaluates each state’s business tax climate every year in order to indicate which states’ tax systems are the most attractive to business and economic growth. According to the Tax Foundation’s 2013 State Business Tax Climate Index, Louisiana’s tax system is currently ranked 32nd, far below the rankings of progressive southern states such as Florida and Texas. In addition, Louisiana’s tax structure is poorly perceived because of its complexity. Therefore, in order to create a competitive advantage, the Louisiana tax system must be reformed. Several of the states that rank highest in the 2013 State Business Tax Climate Index do not levy a tax on corporations. Furthermore, the average annual growth rates for those states without a corporate income tax exceeded the growth rate of all other states over the ten-year period between 1992-2002. These statistics indicate how relevant a state’s corporate tax structure is to a business’ investment decisions and the level of economic activity. Therefore, Louisiana should eliminate the corporate tax when reforming its current...
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...affect our ecosystem? What is the ways that global warming might affect our ecosystems? Is our local ecosystem affected more or less than other parts of the world? Local and surrounding ecologies and environments with specific factors: North Central Texas has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and winters that are not extremely cold. High elevation areas in the "Upstate" area have less subtropical characteristics than areas on the Atlantic coastline. In the summer, North Central Texas is hot and humid with daytime temperatures averaging near 90 °F (32 °C) across most of the state with overnight lows near70 °F(21 °C). Winter temperatures are much less uniform. Coastal areas of the state have very mild winters with high temperatures averaging near 60 °F (16 °C) and overnight lows near38 °F (3 °C). Further inland in the Houston area, temperatures average between 50 °F (10 °C) during the day and32 °F (0 °C) at night. There’s really nothing around me but schools and police department, which is called the Collin County Sheriff Department and there are some forests near to my local. How human activities affect our ecosystems: Human activities are altering the equilibrium involved in the natural processes and cycles, if these changes due to human activities are not addressed. The stability of the world’s ecosystems may irreversibly affect. This how we affect environment: We damage ecosystems by harvesting trees that are homes to hundreds of different organisms. Many sources...
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...Subject: California’s Environmental Policies and the Business Climate Here in California, we are constantly creating ever-more-rigorous environmental regulation. As politicians continue to push these environmental regulations forward, one question arises: Is this kind of regulation a drag on our economy, or is it the basis for our emerging green economy and the foundation for a greener future? Although environmental policies in California promote a healthier lifestyle, they are hurtful to the business climate. Over the past few decades, regulation has transformed the California economy in many ways, but it is starting to become clearer that many of those changes are not positive. These environmental policies are hurtful to the business climate in a number of ways. Some of these ways are: 1) Policies created put restraints on businesses causing a lack of jobs in California 2) Economic resources misappropriated on environmental policies 3) Restraints of environmental policies are negatively affecting the agricultural industry More Policies Equals Less Jobs In recent years, there have been more and more policies being imposed on businesses in California. Sure, air pollution regulations have cleaned up the air, but they have done so partly by driving the “dirty” industries out of California and into Nevada, Arizona, and Texas. The air is cleaner here, but it is not clear that this has had a net benefit either to California’s economy or the world’s environment. ...
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...Weston Smith Environmental science Dr. Smith 11/02/13 Project part 2: Project sources 5 peer reviewed articles: 1. http://www.cmaj.ca/content/163/7/851.short * In this article they explain the effects of losing our ozone and the dangers this can bring like skin cancer, cataracts, hodgkins disease, lupus, skin tuberculosis smallpox. This shows in my research by giving us evidence on how the ozone can affect our health and everyday life style and the radical changes we would have to make within a short amount of time if this continues and we actually create a huge hole in our ozone. 2. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/2010/preface.html * This is a great article with multiple resources talking about a wide range ozone effects and how to counter act them and the potential future of our ozone if we can try and make the changes now then late. They talk about the policies in place to prevent manufacturers to use when using gases or harmful substances in every day products. This can be used in my research by showing what every day products that we use for our showers or hair, cars, gas, garbage, pollution can affect our ozone and this will give us ways to better our ozone. 3. http://ucanr.org/repository/cao/landingpage.cfm?article=ca.v049n03p24&fulltext=yes * This article gives you information on what the ozone is and how its created and what this does for our planet and this goes into how the ozone can be depleted and also gives you...
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...over the years. A vast number of global warming skeptics, politicians, and groups of scientists such as those that constitute the IPCC believe that climate change is adversely influenced by human activities that constantly raise CO2 levels. However, new studies reveal that there is little evidence to support the popular theory that global warming is directly influenced by man’s activities, and it is this that discredits the baseless global warming theory. First, there are no real scientific proofs that support the global warming theory. Contrary, most of the observations over the past 30 years reveal that human activities are not a contributing factor to the rise in temperatures. In fact, most of these temperature changes are natural. Fossil fuels, on the other hand, cannot be labeled as the main cause of global warming despite their contribution to CO2 levels. The IPCC can be disputed for its scientific consensus report because most of its scientists lack scientific qualifications, and there are scientists in the same panel that object sections of the IPCC report that relates CO2 emissions to the increase in global temperatures. It is also worth noting that some corporations stand to benefit from the global warming scare, and this may be a reason why the theory still exists. Ultimately, it is absurd to blame a single gas for the change in global temperatures. Another reason why the global warming theory is baseless is because temperatures have been warmer in the past than they...
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...The effect of global warming on the United States Global Warming was first recognized in the 1950's and will continue to be a problem for us, as humans keep contributing by releasing heat trapping gasses in our everyday life. The drought in Texas was very sever and caused a lot of problems while also creating expenses as well. Texas suffered from extreme wildfires in more than twenty cities. In the year 2011 there were 30,457 fires recorded in the state of Texas. More than seven thousand square miles of agriculture were burned. 3,017 homes were lost.7.62 billion dollars were documented in agricultural losses and 117 drought related deaths were noted (Amico). The greenhouse effect is a process by which certain gases in a planet's atmosphere give it a higher temperature than the planet would have otherwise. Light is one form of electromagnetic radiation. From lower energy to higher energy, categories of EM radiation includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays. Blackbody radiation is EM radiation given off by all matter, as a function of the matter's temperature. Hotter objects give off more total EM radiation, and also give off a greater fraction of that radiation as higher energy radiation.Since the Sun has a surface temperature of 5,700° C, about 42% of the blackbody radiation it radiates is visible light The Earth also radiates blackbody radiation but almost entirely as infrared light Certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere...
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...Regional Water District v. Herrmann Executive Summary Background On April 23, 2013 the U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments on Tarrant Regional Water District v. Herrmann, a case that has overwhelming effects for Oklahoma’s water resources and has the potential to influence interstate water compacts throughout the country. On June 13, 2013 the court sided with Oklahoma in a unanimous decision not to cede sovereign powers. This examination is centered on the Red River Compact, which is an agreement between Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana that divides water rights from the Red River and its tributaries. Texas believes that Oklahoma has denied them rightful access to water under the compact. Interpreting the compact differently, Oklahoma says they have a concern to safeguard their water supply for future generations. The argument between these four states on how to manage the water has been going on for nearly 60 years. Congress authorized Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana to draft a compact to ensure fair access to water in the Red River Basin in 1955. After being signed by the states in 1978, the compact was ratified by Congress in 1980. The Red River Compact declares that each of the four states gets an “equitable apportionment of water” from the Red River and its tributaries (Red River Compact, 1980)....
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...With the changing demographics and social climate in Texas many politicians are beginning to ask if our state is on the brink of another switch in party dominance. In my opinion, It is highly unlikely that Democrats could have a majority control over Texas anytime soon. I am not saying it couldn’t happen or would be surprised if in 2028 our electoral votes went to the Democratic nominee. Even during this years election there were whispers that our state could be considered a swing state. 2 years ago I would have bet the house that Donald Trump wouldn’t be our current President-elect, so at this point nothing seems to be shocking. But talk about a bad year for democrats. After losing the house, the senate, and the white house last month it seems like a lot of different things...
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...oil for lamps and possibly to an extent to heat themselves as well as their homes. By the 10th century, extensive pipelines connected oil wells with the salt springs. In the western world, the petroleum industry started near Titusville, Pennsylvania, with Edwin Drake’s discovery of oil in 1859. The new oil industry, the fuel oil and home heating oil industry we know today, grew slowly in the 1800’s and did not become a real national concern until the early part of the 20th century. The internal combustion engine created a whole new scenario for the oil industry which provided and still provides a demand for refined fuel oil that still exists today. Early finds of oil like those in Pennsylvania quickly ran dry leading to “oil booms” in Texas, Oklahoma, and California. Other countries had much larger oil reserves and stated to develop them at an industrial level. As late as 1955 coal was still the world’s most used fuel. Oil then began to take over the scene and became the predominant fuel to heat homes. Following the 1973 energy crisis and the 1979 energy crisis there became the concern that oil is a limited resource and will eventually run out, at least as an economically viable energy source. In 2004 there was a report done by USA Today news bringing to light that there is 40 years of petroleum left in the ground. Some people argue that technology will continue to allow for the production of cheap hydrocarbons and that the earth has large sources of unconventional petroleum...
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...credibility of the researchers involved, and their affiliated institutions. Ethical breaches may also create confusion and distrust among the public, and can be exploited by policy makers. One highly publicized example of an ethical breach involves the plagiarism and misconduct charges leveled against Edward Wegman, a statistics professor at George Mason University. In 2005, Wegman agreed to work with Joe Barton, a congressman from Texas, regarding a request to prepare an opinion on the credibility of key findings of climate science research. In 2006, Wegman testified in front of the United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce. Wegman’s testimony (Wegman, Said, & Scott, 2006) was critical of previous climate science research, particularly of a paper published in Nature (Mann, Bradley & Hughes, 1998). The testimony, commonly referred to as the Wegman Report, was used as a talking point against the establishment of policies to address climate change. The Wegman Report (Wegman et al., 2006) alleged that the field of climate science was discredited by the improper use of statistics, the limited involvement of trained statisticians, as well as by inadequate sharing of research codes, data, and analysis methods. In...
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...Is There a Relationship between Average Temperature of a City and its Violent Crime Rate? Charles Baker III Professor Andrea Cantora CRJU 485 19 February 2015 Statement of Problem Violence is a part of human nature that is studied on many levels. In the United States, violent crime is the main cause of death of people ages 18 to 24 (Gamble & Hess, 2012). It appears that violent crime affects this country in every corner on the map. Research done by Gamble and Hess (2012) stated that in 2009, aggravated assaults made up around 61% of violent crime; robbery made up 31%; rape made up 6.7%, and murder made up 1.2%. But what causes this violence? According to Gamble and Hess (2012), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) created a list of factors that influence violent crime, and weather is one of them. This is quite interesting to look at to see if there is a relationship between average temperature and violent crime rate. Estimates of the extent of the problem Violent crime is sweeping the nation and is still causing problems for federal, state, city, and local police agencies. In 2013, an estimated 1,163,146 violent crimes took place across the nation (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], 2014). The FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR) compromises four offenses as violent crime; these include murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault (FBI, 2014). Per 100,000 people, there was an estimate of 367.9 violent crimes committed in 2013 (FBI...
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