...head: Cloud Seeding Negligibility of Cloud Seeding Don Jackson Angelo State University November 13, 2012 Cloud Seeding How is there a water shortage, if there is no water leaving earth? Foremost, accessible freshwater accounts for a very small amount of the earth's water. Ninety-seven percent of all water is salt water and most of the remaining three percent is locked in polar ice caps, glaciers, and deep underground aquifers (McCaffrey, 2000). The problems arising from a shortage of freshwater are beyond human and crop needs. Significant percentages of power in numerous countries are provided by hydroelectric turbines, efficiency of a cloud seeding operation will continue to be negligible because scientists cannot know exactly what rainfall would or would not have occurred but for their efforts. Clouds and precipitation are paramount meteorological processes in the general public's concept of “weather” (Lin, Wang, Schlesinger). Since the mid-1940s, countries have used cloud seeding to attempt to control the rain. As would be expected, these programs have met with mixed responses. The world is on the brink of a water crisis, due to expanding populations, evident climate change, and pollution causing much of the existing freshwater unusable, the demand for freshwater has never been more immense. Presently, cloud seeding operations have been successfully conducted by about 40 countries during different periods during the last 50 years. Even though cloud seeding is an...
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...Geo-Engineering is the ability of scientists to control the climate and weather in various areas and for various reasons. The issue we are all faced with is whether or not having this control is a good thing or a bad thing. First of all we must answer the question of whether Geo-Engineering is a reality. Without question it is, and has been for decades. Scientists have successfully demonstrated in numerous ways the ability to be able to control the climate and weather. How have they accomplished this formerly miraculous feat? According to WeatherQuestions.com, Dr. Roy W. Spencer reports that one form of weather manipulation that has been around for a relatively long time is cloud-seeding. Cloud-seeding is the process of dropping dry ice crystals or silver iodide aerosis into the upper parts of clouds to stimulate the formation of water droplets....
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...MATTER OF: NORTH EASTERN DRY ZONE TALUKAS ANTI CLOUD SEEDING ASSOCIATION……………………………………………………..….......... PETITIONER VERSUS STATE OF NUDI………………………………………………………………....RESPONDENT ON SUBMISSION TO THE HONOURABLE SUPREME COURT JUDGES MOST RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED COUNSEL FOR THE PETITIONER ULC Bangalore, XVI All India Moot Court Competition, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX OF AUTHORITIES………………………………………………………………………3 INDEX OF ABBREVIATIONS.………...…………………………………………………………9 SYNOPSIS……………………………………………………………………………………..10 STATEMENT OF FACTS……………………………………………………………………….11 STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION………………………………………………………………12 STATEMENT OF ISSUES………………………………………………………………………13 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS………………………………………………………………….14 ARGUMENTS ADVANCED…………………………………………………………………….15 I. THE PRESENT WRIT PETITION IS MAINTAINABLE……………………………………15 A. Petitioner has the Locus Standi to file the writ petition……………………………...15 B. There is a violation of fundamental rights……………………………………………17 a) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 14 of the Constitution………………………………………………………………………...17 b) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 19(1) (g) of the Constitution…………………………………………………………………………18 c) There is a violation of the fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution………………………………………………………………………...18 II. THE STATE LEGISLATION IS NOT COMPETENT TO PASS THE “NUDI CLOUD SEEDING ACT, 20XY”…………………………………………………………………...……………19 ...
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...outrageous junk science. Surely there's an easier solution to the problem of global warming than technologically altering Earth's atmosphere, its cloud formations and even outer space. But when compared with the alternativedrastically reducing the amount of carbon dioxide blanketing the planet by changing the behavior of billions of people and thousands of industries, not to mention slow-moving governmentssome scientists are beginning to take the seemingly outrageous schemes a lot more seriously. Here are the mechanics behind five plans to jury-rig the Earth. 1. Copy a Volcano (Photograph by Tarko Sudiarno/AFP/Getty Images) A volcanic eruption can bellow many million tons of sulfur-dioxide gas into the atmosphere, creating a cloud that blocks some of the sun's radiation. By injecting the atmosphere with sulfur, some scientists believe they could likewise block solar radiation and potentially cool the planet. Sulfur dioxide reacts with water in the atmosphere to create droplets of sulfuric acid, says Rutgers University environmental scientist Alan Robock. Those droplets are particularly good at scattering the sun's light back out into space. And because sulfur doesn't heat the stratosphere as much as other aerosols, it wouldn't work against the cooling effect. Hydrogen sulfide is an even better candidate for atmospheric seeding than sulfur dioxide, but scientists would need an awful lot of it: 5 megatons, every year, to offset humanity's contribution to global warming. That's...
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...Chemtrails There is something in the skies above us that cannot be easily explained. We see it almost every day, yet we take it for granted. Vast patterns of cloud like contrails cover every major metropolitan area in the world on a daily basis. They are referred to as ‘chemtrails’ and they stretch from horizon to horizon in either direction. Sometimes the patterns resemble a tic-tac-toe like grid and at other times form huge X shaped patterns. After being sprayed, the chemtrails slowly merge together to form a huge blanket of cloud cover. The particles that make up these artificial clouds can take as long as a day to fall to the ground. When they fall they resemble soap bubbles or an ashy snow like substance and when they settle they leave a sticky residue on everything they touch. We don’t know for certain what these chemtrails are comprised of or why they are being sprayed above us on a routine basis. Theories range from an attempt to stop global warming to government attempts to poison us for population control, but one thing we know for sure is that they do exist. Most people discover the reality of chemtrails by initially reading about it on the Internet and then going outside and looking up into the sky. They are shocked to realize that what they had been reading about and seeing in countless photographs is also taking place right over their heads. What some people had dismissed as mere "jet plane exhaust" are dismayed to realize that chemtrails are indeed the...
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...Geoengineering for Atmospheric Restoration ROBERT B. JACKSON JAMES SALZMAN A few decades ago, the notion of actively controlling Earth’s climate resided primarily in the writings of science fiction authors such as Frank Herbert, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke. Today, planetary engineering is being discussed openly by scientists and policymakers in Congress, the UK House of Commons, and many other settings. Clarke’s advice apparently struck a chord: “Politicians should read science fiction, not westerns and detective stories.” Geoengineering can be thought of as intentionally manipulating Earth’s climate to offset the warming from greenhouse gas emissions. Its activities can be divided into two loose groups. One set of options cools Earth by removing carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases from air, essentially reversing the process of fossil fuel emissions. The other cools the planet by blocking or reflecting sunlight, offsetting the consequences of increased greenhouse gases for temperature but leaving the buildup of greenhouse gas concentrations unchecked. Several developments have fueled the rise of geoengineering from fiction to possible reality in a remarkably short period of time. The first is our inability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in any substantive way. A wealth of scientific evidence shows that Earth’s climate is already changing because of such gases, posing a threat to people and other animals and to plants. A second factor is the concern...
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...Growing Vegetables & Useful UAE Climate Information Compiled by: Saqer Bin Zayed Al Nehayyan Growing Vegetables & UAE Climate Information 2007 Index Temperature conversion chart ................................................................ 4 Average Temperature Conditions........................................................... 4 UAE Vegetables Growing Calendar ........................................................ 5 Measurement and Conversions ............................................................... 8 Winds in UAE ....................................................................................................17 Greenhouse Introduction ..........................................................................22 Vegetables A to Z ...........................................................................................23 Nursery management in vegetable crops By: Rajinder Kumar Dhall and J.S. Hundal.......................................................................................................25 Raised Bed Gardening .................................................................................26 Hydroponic production ...............................................................................29 Shade Tolerant Vegetables (and Fruits)............................................39 A veggie for all seasons..............................................................................40 Cool Season Vegetables ................
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...Ouroboros Cloud Atlas “The important part of this responsibility becomes manifest when we as ourselves: out of the system of values giving consistency to culture, which ones shall we choose for making them the sense of our life? The answer is based, of course, on free choice. But this implies a great responsibility, because we have to decide which values we choose for guiding our being: placing us in a ridiculous and ephemeral world, or those which offer depth to our personality and elevate it to the maximum of humanity.” (Source: Culture and Freedom (Romanian Philosophical Studies, III), (3rd ed.), The Relation Between Value and Cultural Development. In Marin Aiftinca, pp. 16-17.) “So, the past erupts into the present not only announcing the other, repressed, side of modernity but also seeding a more unruly disturbance. Modernity does not merely become more complex through the addition of the unacknowledged; it remains irretrievably undone by the questions it can no longer contain. The archaic, presumed to lie back there in the mist of time, appears in the midst of modernity bearing another sense, another direction. An absence, the ‘lost’ world of the past against which the present measures its ‘progress’, unexpectedly returns to haunt modernity. Rational certitude confronts a ghost that bears witness to the return of the apparently timeless economy of the ‘archaic’ and the ‘primitive’: ‘a rumour of words vanish no sooner than they are uttered, and which are therefore...
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...Chemistry -Study of the composition, structure, properties, and interactions of matter. -Central Science. BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY 1. Inorganic chemistry is the study of the chemical nature of the elements and their compounds (except hydrocarbons—compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen). Involves substance that do not contain carbon or substances from non-living things. 2. Organic Chemistry, branch of chemistry in which carbon compounds and their reactions are studied. A wide variety of classes of substances—such as drugs, vitamins, plastics, natural and synthetic fibers, as well as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—consist of organic molecules. Study of all substance containing carbon in combination of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. 3. Analytical chemistry is the science of separating complex materials into simpler ones and detecting and measuring the constituents. 4. Physical chemistry is fundamental to all chemistry and deals with the application of physical laws to chemical systems and chemical change. Concerned with theories and experiments that describes the behaviour of chemicals. 5. Biochemistry is the chemistry of living organisms and life processes. Cell: Compound 1. Protein 2. Carbohydrates - sugar 3. Nucleic acid – DNA, RNA 4. Lipids – fats SCIENTIFIC METHOD * A logical approach to the solution of the problem. STEPS: 1. Identify the problem 2. Gathering Information 3. Formulate hypothesis 4. Experimentation...
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...approach to earth and ocean sciences is also the key to predicting and managing natural disasters or hazards like earthquakes, cyclones, floods, tsunami, etc. In this context, in a significant development in India, a Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) was formed in July 2006 by restructuring the former Ministry of Ocean Development. The MoES deals with matters relating to meteorology, seismology, climate and environmental science and related earth sciences including ocean science and technology. It facilitates an integrated view of earth systems viz., ocean, atmosphere and land to provide best possible services in respect of ocean resources, ocean state, monsoon, cyclone, earthquake, tsunami, climate change, etc. The MoES oversees research in earth system sciences, forecast monsoons and other climate parameters, ocean state, earthquakes, tsunamis and earth science phenomena. The ministry also supports industry in science, aviation, water resources, aquaculture, agriculture, etc., by disseminating weather information. It also develops and coordinates science and technology related to oceans, Polar Regions besides preserving, assessing and exploiting marine living and non-living resources. Apart from the MoES, an Earth Commission was also set up in January 2007 which acts as a nodal authority...
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...Dublin Institute of Technology ARROW@DIT Dissertations School of Computing 2010-09-01 Cloud Computing:Strategies for Cloud Computing Adoption Faith Shimba Dublin Institute of Technology, faith.shimba@gmail.com Recommended Citation Shimba, F.:Cloud Computing:Strategies for Cloud Computing Adoption. Masters Dissertation. Dublin, Dublin Institute of Technology, 2010. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Computing at ARROW@DIT. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ARROW@DIT. For more information, please contact yvonne.desmond@dit.ie, arrow.admin@dit.ie. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNoncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License School of Computing Dissertations Dublin Institute of Technology Year Cloud Computing:Strategies for Cloud Computing Adoption Faith Shimba Mr. Dublin Institute of Technology, faith.shimba@student.dit.ie This paper is posted at ARROW@DIT. http://arrow.dit.ie/scschcomdis/1 — Use Licence — Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 1.0 You are free: • to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work • to make derivative works Under the following conditions: • Attribution. You must give the original author credit. • Non-Commercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. • Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical...
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...We hear the term “greenhouse gas” a lot—but what is it? Humans add various gases to the earth’s atmosphere every day; these gases (known as “greenhouse gases”) consist primarily of carbon dioxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane, and tend to warm the earth. Trees help counter greenhouse gas production during photosynthesis, by taking in carbon dioxide as waste material and producing oxygen, which of course we all need to survive. Scientists predict that the daily addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, combined with daily removal of large portions of the world’s forests, will raise the earth’s average temperature by several degrees in the next century. This in turn will raise the level of the sea and potentially create significant changes in weather patterns on a global scale. As we move into the future, many climatologists expect that most of the United States will warm. What we do not know yet is how to scientifically predict which parts of the nation will become wetter or drier. We do know there is likely to be an overall trend toward increased precipitation and evaporation, and more intense weather systems, in the form of violent rainstorms, blizzards and sun-baked, drier soils. The Facts—What Do We Already Know About Changing Global Conditions (Global Warming)? Global temperatures are rising. Observations collected over the last century suggest that the average land surface temperature has risen 0.45-0.6°C (0.8-1.0°F) in the last...
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...According to the 2011 IDC Digital Universe Study, 130 exabytes of data were created and stored in 2005. The amount grew to 1,227 exabytes in 2010 and is projected to grow at 45.2% to 7,910 exabytes in 2015.3 The growth of data constitutes the “Big Data” phenomenon – a technological phenomenon brought about by the rapid rate of data growth and parallel advancements in technology that have given rise to an ecosystem of software and hardware products that are enabling users to analyse this data to produce new and more granular levels of insight. Figure 1: A decade of Digital Universe Growth: Storage in Exabytes Error! Reference source not found.3 1 2 3 Ovum. What is Big Data: The End Game. [Online] Available from: http://ovum.com/research/what-is-big-data-theend-game/ [Accessed 9th July 2012]. IBM. Data growth and standards. [Online] Available from: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/xdatagrowth/index.html?ca=drs- [Accessed 9th July 2012]. IDC. The 2011 Digital Universe Study: Extracting Value from Chaos. [Online]...
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...9 -5 1 2 -0 1 1 REV: FEBRUARY 3, 2012 THALES S. TEIXEIRA ALISON CAVERLY Pepsi-Lipton Brisk In September 2010, Mary Barnard and Marisol Tamaro returned to their offices at Pepsi Headquarters after a meeting with their new advertising agency. Mekanism had just been hired to work on the re-launch of Brisk Iced Tea, a brand that had had its glory days in the ‘90’s and later had become stagnant. As of 2009, Brisk sales were rising and it attained a 10% market share in the fast growing ready-to-drink tea category, despite having virtually no advertising support. Pepsi decided that it would start investing heavily in the brand in 2011. To start off the year, a spot had been purchased for a Brisk ad to be shown during the Super Bowl, in early February. What Barnard and Tamaro needed to decide was how to carry the advertising momentum in the months following the most viewed sports event in American television. Should they stick with advertising on TV or try out a viral advertising approach in social media? Their budget wouldn’t allow for both media to be used. Barnard, Vice President at PepsiCo and the General Manager of the Pepsi-Lipton Tea Partnership (PLP), owner of Brisk, was in charge of the final decision and conferred with Tamaro, Brand Building Director for Brisk, on what to do. PepsiCo was the second largest food and beverage company in the world. So at $340 million in net revenues in 2009-10, PLP seemed like a drop in the ocean compared to the $10 billion1 from its holding...
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...| PAC -10 CONSULTING | Water Crisis: Extracting Surplus from a Deficit To: Dr. Lee Cerling, Director of Research and Communications From: Jordan Pinkus Date: [ 9/29/2010 ] Re: PAC-10 Overview of Water Crisis: Key Opportunities How to Use This Memo Template Global shortages of potable water have signaled an emerging crisis. The shortages impact developed and developing nations, though the evidence is harshest in the developing world. Despite available drinking water and seemingly abundant domestic water supplies, the United States faces increasing and accelerating shortages. However, in this era of crises (global warming, the energy crisis, the financial crisis), a crisis means business opportunity. 1,4 The average resident of the United States uses 616 gallons per day. Comparatively, this ranks United States second to Canada for per capita consumption. However, the United States population is approximately 10 times that of Canada and therefore total domestic consumption exceeds Canadian several times over, ranking first globally. The scale of water demands strains the hydrologic cycle, which governs the replenishment of fresh water, thereby jeopardizing long-term water resources. 3 Meeting the United States’ water demands traditionally required engineering solutions to a consistent question: Where can we get more water? However, continued strain on resources reveals the need for more than the quick fixes engineers have always turned to. 1 Water-conservation solutions...
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