...at an alarming rate. According to an estimate, CO2 level is expected to be doubled by 2030 A.D. The term ‘Green House Effect’ is also called as ‘Atmospheric Effect’, ‘Global Warming’ or ‘CO2 Problem’. Human activities are changing the composition as well as behaviour at an unprecedented rate. The pollutants form a wide range of human activities are increasing the global atmospheric concentration of certain heat trapping gases, which act like a blanket, trapping close to the surface that would otherwise escape through the atmosphere to the outer space. This process is known as ‘Green House Effect’. Green House is that body which allows the short wave length incoming solar radiation to come in, but does not allow the long wave outgoing terrestrial infra red radiation to escape. The progressive warming up of the earth’s surface due to blanketing effect of manmade CO 2 in the atmosphere is called ‘Green House Effect’. (Figure 1). The four major green house gases, which cause adverse effects are CO2, CH4, N2O and CFC’s. Among these CO2 is the most common and important green house gas. In addition, ozone and SO2 are also act as serious pollutants in causing global warming. Green House Effect Under normal concentrations of CO2, the temperature of the earth’s surface is maintained by the energy balance of the sun’s rays that strike the planet and the heat is radiated back into the outer space. However, when concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increases, the thick envelope...
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...Owens, Anthony Period. 2 Government December 14, 2014 Global Warming Global Warming is a serious situation. Its nothing to overlook. Our world is looking at detrimental effects in the future if Global Warming continues to increase. Effects like, Coastal Flooding, where glaciers are melting all over the world and ice shelves are breaking off of the Antarctic continent. Or effects like Extreme Weather, whereas warmer air masses can hold more moisture. that’s why we’ve been seeing more tornados, typhoons and hurricanes over the past few years. And the most predominant effect, Increased Drought and Famine, where although much of the impact from climate change and its effects on water is related to the increase in storms and coastal flooding described above, one thing a lot of people don’t realize is that there is an associated change in the distribution of water on the planet overall. Some areas get too much water, but some aren’t getting enough , leading to the increase of drought and famine. Scientist’s studies shows that Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is released into the atmosphere when we burn fossil fuels, oil, coal and gas, which traps heat and acts like a blanket to warm the planet. The more gas we emit into the air, the more heat is trapped, which means the earth gets hotter and hotter. The importance of this is crucial because the hotter the world gets, the faster the world dries up and soon we will be in the worst drought ever. There are many things that needs to be done on...
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...The Effects of Global Warming Global Warming: Fact or Fiction I. Description: Global Warming In plain terms, global warming is a phenomenon where the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere has increased, and is causing a green house effect. The temperature is raised due to increased levels of carbon dioxide (Balaguer, 2010). On average, in America we annually release an estimated 20 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through driving to work, the use of heating and cooling appliances, and turning on lights (Ecologic Development Fund, 2010). The increased temperature is depleting our ozone, causing severe hurricanes, major flooding, and intensifying desertification, meaning “reduction or destruction of the biological potential of the earth which can create the conditions analogous to a natural desert" (Desertification and Hazard Assessment, 2010). Although human activity is commonly blamed for the problem, there is some debate among experts regarding the severity of global warming, and whether the cause is a natural phenomenon or in fact a result of mankind’s environmental negligence. A. Impetus discussion: 1. Global warming is fiction: Although it is agreed that an increase of Co2 levels are causing a green house effect, according to Brown, there is no consensus among scientists to explain the true cause of global warming (2010). Some scientists believe the warming temperatures and rising sea levels is a natural...
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...actions or if global warming is due to natural cause. Some people believe global warming is due to human actions of pollutants such as burning fossil fuel, coal, and oil, human finger prints, and deforestation; while other people believe it is a natural cause and global warming is just a theory. People who believe global warming is due to human actions say that humans are releasing large numbers of heat trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. A few examples of greenhouse gases are “carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone in the lower atmosphere.” (U.S. Global Change Research Information 2006, para. 1). These types of gases get trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the climate to rise. Since the Industrial Revolution, there has been more and more fossil fuels being burned, which is causing more pollutants. The pollutants are trapping heat in the atmosphere causing the average temperature of the Earth to rise. (Turk and Bensel, 2011) The most common heat trapping gas is carbon dioxide (CO2) which is caused by burning fossil fuel, coal, and oil. (Turk & Bensel, 2011) Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced by so much equipment that humans use and do. Carbon dioxide is produced from burning fossil fuel, coal, oil, driving vehicles, heating systems, cooling systems, logging and even ranching. “The use of fossil fuel currently accounts for eighty to eighty-five percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) being added into the atmosphere.” (U.S...
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...The effects of global warming on the environment and human life are numerous and varied. Scenarios studied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that global warming will continue and get worse much faster than was expected even in their last report. Research by NOAA indicate that the effects of global warming are already irreversible. The IPCC reports attribute many specific natural phenomena to human causes. The expected long range effects of recent climate change may already be observed. Rising sea levels, glacier retreat, Arctic shrinkage, and altered patterns of agriculture are cited as direct consequences of human activities. Predictions for secondary and regional effects include extreme weather events, an expansion of tropical diseases, changes in the timing of seasonal patterns in ecosystems, and drastic economic impact. Concerns have led to political activism advocating proposals to mitigate, or adapt to it. Geoengineering is a further potential response, which could potentially reverse some effects that may otherwise be irreversible. It is notable that many of the effects of global warming are non-linear in nature, with potential for dramatic positive feedback effects. This means that the climate may enter a critical state where small changes can trigger runaway or abrupt climate change. Geoengineering has been suggested as a means of interrupting or reversing these effects. A notable example of a 'runaway' effect is the release of methane...
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...66%-100 (Likely) 33%-60% (About as likely as not) 0%-33% (Unlikely) 0%-10% (Very Unlikely) 0%-1% (Exceptionally Unlikely) o Causes of climate change Relative forcing components – Long-live greenhouse gases (Global), Ozone (Continental to Global), Stratospheric water vapor from methane (Global), Surface albedo, Aerosol (Direct Affect, Cloud Albedo Affect, Surface to Continental), Linear Contrails (Continental) , Solar irradiance (Global) Earth’s energy budget & human use Quadrillion BTU 100% Incoming Solar Energy Wood 64% - Radiated to space Coal 51% - Absorbed by land and oceans Oil &Gas 23% - Carried to clouds Hydropower &Nuclear (1900-) 20% - Reflected by clouds 16% - Absorbed by atmosphere 15% - Radiation absorbed by atmosphere 7% - Conduction and rising air 6% - Reflected by atmosphere 6% - Radiated directly into space 4% - Reflected from Earth’s surface 3% - Absorbed by clouds Greenhouse gases (types and impact) – Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Halocarbons (fluorine, chlorine, bromine) Ozone – Good up high, bad nearby Surface albedo - The proportion of the incident light or radiation reflected by a surface. Tropical deforestation increases the albedo of the Earth’s surface. Cooling effect with land use change, Heating effect with heating effect with black carbon deposition....
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...Causes of Global Warming and its present and future impacts on South-West Western Australia Global Warming is an issue at the heart of modern civilisation. The prospect of a rapidly changing global enviroment is enough to cause considerable concern towards life on earth for future generations. Therefore it is important to understand how climate change works, what is causing the climate to change, what effects these changes are having, and how they may continue to affect the global environment. What causes the environments on earth unable to support life? What can be done about these predictions of climates in the future? How will these climate changes affect South-West Western Australia? How does climate change work? Climate change is a natural process that has been functioning on earth for billions of years, it is the regulator of the earth's abililty to support life by the cycles of The Greenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect has made the earth an environment for supporting life through the cycling of energy from the sun via short-wave radiation, which heats the earths surface, then is released into the atmopshere as long-wave radiation. This cycle is made possible by the prescence of Greenhouse gases, which redside in the earths atmopshere, and absorb most of the long-wave radiation given off by the earth, with the remainder being expelled into space. This process cycles the heat from the sun around the earths atmosphere and a climate is the result, without this circulation...
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...film, he has given more than a thousand times. The film highlights Al Gore’s efforts to spread out the seriousness regarding Global Warming and Climate Change i.e. how we humans have brought this upon us by increasing CO2 emissions and how our situation can be improved. He first highlights the vulnerability of the Earth’s Atmospheric Shell which is being filled with pollution and is so thin that we’re capable of changing its composition. As said by him “The sun's radiation comes in the form of light waves and that heats up the Earth. And then some of the radiation that is absorbed and warms the Earth is reradiated back into space in the form of infrared radiation. And some of the outgoing infrared radiation is trapped by this layer of atmosphere and held inside the atmosphere. And that's a good thing because it keeps the temperature of the Earth within certain boundaries, keeps it relatively constant and livable. But the problem is this thin layer of atmosphere is being thickened by all of the global warming pollution that’s being put up there. And what that does is it thickens this layer of atmosphere” He explains using an animated video (on watching which even a layman would understand what global warming is) that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming and mocks politicians on their finding shortcuts to tackle global warming and not considering the problem seriously. Using previous years’ data on carbon dioxide levels and global temperature, he also...
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...The causes and consequences of the enhanced greenhouse effect and global climate change Figure [ 1 ] - The greenhouse effect diagram, http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/images/oze_fs_009_02.jpg Figure [ 1 ] - The greenhouse effect diagram, http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/images/oze_fs_009_02.jpg “The unprecedented increases in greenhouse gas concentrations, together with other human influences on climate over the past century and those anticipated for the future, constitute a real basis for concern” (American Geophysical Union, 2014). The Earth's surface temperature has to be just right for humans, not too cold and not too hot. Thanks to the natural greenhouse effect, which has kept the Earth warm. It’s a phenomenon where the earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation, caused by the presence in the atmosphere of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane that allow incoming sunlight to pass through but absorb heat radiated back from the earth's surface. As there are naturally occurring greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that help keep the Earth warm, added amounts of these gases leads to extra heat being trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere. These gases (carbon dioxide, methane etc.) are being added by human activities and are enhancing the greenhouse effect as shown in figure 1. The global climate change is causing many environmental consequences and will cause more. There are five gases that contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect. These five...
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...Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation Tyler Turner Strayer Introduction to Physical Science SCI 110 Prof. Amanda Slaughter June 5, 2016 Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation In this paper I will be discussing different causes and effects of global warming. First we will look at comparing and contrasting natural versus anthropogenic climate changes and include examples of each type. We will then discuss which position I will take in wither global warming exists or not. After that we will I will assess two current mitigation strategies for global warming and analyze the effectiveness of the mitigation strategy. Lastly we will look at the policy changes that I would propose to help stabilize global climate, and what business sectors or nations would be held to stricter standards to my proposed policy. To start this paper off I will first look at comparing and contrasting natural versus anthropogenic climate changes and providing examples of both. But I think to start off we need to first know what natural climate change and anthropogenic climate change are. Natural climate changes are anything that effect the climate of the earth in natural ways, for example the sun, the moon, the atmosphere. But what is anthropogenic climate change? Anthropogenic climate change is defined as; “the production of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity” ("Anthropogenic Climate Change," n.d.). Let us first look at natural climate changes, and what causes these type of changes. There...
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...REVIEW ON CONVERSION OF CO2 INTO NEW VALUABLE FORM R.W. GAIKWAD1- R. M. GHUGE2, Y. N. TANGADPALLE3 1 Prof., Department of chemical engineering, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Maharashtra, India 2Student, Department of chemical engineering, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Maharashtra, India 3 Student, Department of chemical engineering, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT Nature utilizes CO2 to produce countless substances that are consumed by humans as well as animals. Many industrial procedures aim to accelerate the utilization of CO2. There are mainly three pathways for using CO2 and namely they are conversion of CO2 to fuel, utilization of CO2 as a feedstock for chemicals and non-conversion use of CO2. [1] The technologies to moderate CO2 emissions are essential for the chemical industry to become “greener”. An alternative to carbon capture is the use of CO2 as a feedstock in the production of valuable products such as methanol. [5]by using Electro reduction of carbon dioxide (ERC) which combines captured CO2 with water to produce high value materials. Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Methanol; Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (ERC) ________________________________________ 1 Introduction-1 Carbon dioxide plays a key role in producing the greenhouse effect. It is...
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...Human activity has been a major cause climate change. People have substantially contributed to the multiple direction development of the world. They have entirely composed the world better and better. However, what human have done for their environment contributing to the destroyable life in recent decades in terms of climate change. Climate change can be defined as the long- term shift in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators. Climate change is caused by many factors, therefore, to some extent, human activity has subsidized to the effects of climate change on people’s life with two primary causes: industrial activities, and land use changes. Firstly, the development of industry for recent year has mainly risen the dangerous level of climate change. Constantly, the huge number of Carbon dioxide has been emitted to the atmosphere by resulting from automobiles, industry, electric power plants. Electricity is considered as the main factor causing CO2. The reliable prediction is given that manufacturing electricity in the future will cause the increase CO2 emissions from 10 billion tonnes per year to 12.5 billion tonnes per year (Climate Change – The Science. 2014) . The high Carbon dioxide rate directly effects on the changing of climate process. Human-related emissions are responsible for the increase that has occurred in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution by counting more CO2 to the atmosphere and by influencing...
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...________________________________________________ 4 The impact of CO2 Emissions __________________________________________ 5 Does income contain a correlation? ______________________________________ 6 How does smoking affect our life expectancy ______________________________ 7 How the leading causes of death relate ___________________________________ 8 How the health care has affected life expectancy ____________________________ 9 Future Studies Thing’s that could have been improved on _______________________________ 10 Conclusion A restatement of the work that has been done...
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...Abbreviations GHG – Greenhouse Gas CO2 - Carbon dioxide CH4 - Methane N2O – Nitrogen oxide LNG- Liquefied Natural Gas Abbreviations GHG – Greenhouse Gas CO2 - Carbon dioxide CH4 - Methane N2O – Nitrogen oxide LNG- Liquefied Natural Gas Highlights * We model two major oil and gas companies. * We examine causes of Climate Change * Increase in further research may produce other alternative to exist source of energy * Combined efforts will help to meet carbon reduction target ABSTRACT Playing a major role in the world, the oil and gas industry is faced with the challenge of climate change. This paper establishes the fact that climate change troubles our planet today. In establishing this fact the paper examines the causes of climate change, the relationship between climate change and the oil and gas industry through CO2. It further evaluates the various methods available to reduce CO2 emissions and the challenges the companies have in implementing the methods. This paper uses two major oil companies as case studies, to establish the above stated facts and concludes that oil and gas companies need to be involved in more research and development of alternative supply of energy, in order reduce CO2 emissions, in collaboration with other sectors of the economy in achieving the targets made regarding climate change, environmental laws and policies. Keywords: CO2, Climate Change, Industry, Oil and Gas. 1. INTRODUCTION Climate change is a global...
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...Atmosphere regulates temperature of earth surface. Atm. with clouds reflect %30 of the solar ultraviolet (UV), reabsorbs 45% of infrared radiation (IR) Composition of dry air: Nitrogen (N2-78), Oxygen (O2-20), Argon (Ar-0.93), Carbon dioxide (CO2-0.03), Others (0.01) NITROGEN: Proteins contain N2, essential for plant and animal life. OXYGEN: Essential in respiration (solunum), produce energy by reaction • Ex) reaction of glucose with oxygen=produce energy for animal and plant. Burning of fossil fuel. CARBON DIOXIDE: essential for photosynthesis. Absorbs IR emitted by the earth with water vapor. Not pollutant but also greenhouse gas. 1. AIR POLLUTION : COx, SOx, NOx, HYDROCARBONS, O3, POISONOUS METAL COMPOUND, PM CO: come from incomplete combustion, very colorless and poisonous gas ← EX)Organic matter+O2=CO2+H2O+energy (CO2 old. için complete combustion) Organic matter+O2= CO2+H2O+CO+another organic matter+energy (CO old. için incomplete combustion) SOx, NOx: Sulfur comes from coal; nitrogen comes from gasoline in the fossil fuel. ← They react with water in the atm. and form acid. POISONOUS LEAD: Gasoline includes for better performance. Lead is cause mental disabilities in child and stays in the body. OZONE: effective for damaging plastic and rubber also plant and animal tissue. CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT FUELS TO AIR POLLUTION: GAS FUELS: Least polluting. Natural gas is largely methane, the smallest...
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