...Proposal: Male Coaches in Female Sports Research Methods in Exercise and Sport Science 5315 April 28, 2011 Chapter I Introduction Ever since women became involved in sports, they have been in a constant battle to gain recognition in a sports world mainly revolving around men’s sports. Events such as Billy Jean King defeating Bobby Riggs on the tennis court and the U.S. women’s soccer team winning the World Cup in 1999; women’s sports have slowly gained interest from others. For many years, only women coached women’s sports, but since Title IX was passed there has been a gradual increase in male coaches in women’s sports. Studies have shown that approximately 71% of female athletes prefer a male coach (Lirgg, Dibrezzo, & Smith, 1994). In the studies discussed in the review of literature, researchers chose to focus on determining female athletes’ opinions and experiences when being coached by a male coach. However, there is limited research on this topic. Therefore, this study will further analyze the different reasons why female athletes prefer to be coached by a male coach. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to research why female athletes prefer male coaches. The study will analyze the different reasons for female athletes preferring male coaches. This study will contain only college female athletes. Significance of Study The significance of this study is to show why 71% of female athletes prefer a male coach (Lirgg, Dibrezzo, &...
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...ICW Essay, Free writes The general perception of men and women differ in many ways. Men have more masculine, stronger bodies, compared to women’s curvy slender bodies. The public thinks of men as more mentally and emotionally sound. They also see men as the more competitive gender, since they have all of the previous qualities. It is said that men have better ways of firing their team up in comparison to women. They are more likely to use the power of words to their advantage as a way of inspirational coaching. Since most men that coach have most likely played in their sport, they have a greater, broader knowledge of the in’s and out’s of the game. Women however, are more intuit with players emotions and have a better understanding of their player’s needs. This can be good for connecting on a personal level with the team and building relationships and respect for one another. Whereas men, don’t have this keen sense that is very important in being a good coach. There are varying reasons of why women aren’t regarded as highly in coaching compared to men. Some, more apparent than others; are what I will focus on in this paragraph. Men are seen as the more superior gender. They assert their physical, mental, and emotional dominance over their teams. This can be observed in coaches giving their hair-raising speeches at half time or the coach that calls an onside kick to begin the second half. Men in my opinion are seen as more innovative thinkers and willing to...
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...male and female coaches and among different coaching levels. The researchers submitted two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that male and female coaches would respond differently to the RLSS in overall leadership behaviors. The second hypothesis was that differences on the RLSS would occur among coaching levels: junior high, high school, and college. The sample was nonrandom, including 162 coaches that were chosen on a volunteer basis. Within the sample, 118 (0.73) of the coaches were male, while 44 (0.27) were female. With regard to coaching level, 25 (0.15) were junior high coaches, 99 (0.61) high school, and 38 (0.24) at the college level. While this is a good sample size, the problem lies with the distribution of the sample. The sample number for junior high coaches, in particular, is rather low. A larger sample with regard to all categories would have aided in the data analysis, particularly when looking for possible interactions between gender and coaching level. The instrument utilized was the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS) developed by Zhang, Jensen, and Mann in 1996. This scale is used to measure six leadership behaviors: training and instruction, democratic, autocratic, social support, positive feedback, and situational consideration. The scale uses 60 statements, which were preceded by �In coaching, I:� A Likert scale was then given for each statement:...
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...The Path to Victory of Pat Summitt Brittany Quay PXS 308 001 15 November 2012 In almost every aspect of the world there is some sort of gender inequality. In most sports the men have many more resources available to them compared to the women. There have been many great coaches and athletes who have overcome the obstacles that the fewer resources have brought on. These athletes or coaches have been successful regardless of the situation. One of these coaches is Patricia Head Summitt. Despite the gender inequalities that are evident in the sport of basketball she has become the greatest coach in the sport. Pat Summitt was born to Richard and Hazel Head on June 14, 1952. She was born in Ashland City, Tennessee. She married R.B. Summitt who she later divorced and together they had one son named Tyler. Pat attended the University of Tennessee at Martin. She majored in physical education and was a member on the women’s basketball team there. Along with playing for her school she was a member of the United States World University team. Summitt graduated in 1974. Immediately after graduating she was offered the job of head women’s basketball coach at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville. She accepted the job offer and worked in this position from 1974 until 2012. As a child Pat grew up in Clarksville, Tennessee but later moved across the county line to Henrietta, Tennessee so that Pat would be able to participate on a women’s high school team. She played...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. Title of this article is Managing Stress in Projects Using Coaching Leadership Tools. This article is about How to manage stress for project manager using coaching skills. As a project manager there a lot of pressure they need to handle. They need to deal with a client and their workers. Stress is an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to a person’s wellbeing (McShane and Glinow,2013). Every project manager has to go through stress in trying to get the project to turn out successfully, handle tough team members and get the project done. And it isn’t easy (Chan,2013). As you know project manager also human being who sometimes cannot control their feeling and problem and it will make them very stressful. If the stress is left unattended it will make the stress worse and the stress will change to more difficult feeling which stressor and job burnout. According to Mc Shane (2013) stressor is a any environmental conditions that place a physical or emotional demand on a person and job burnout is a the process of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and reduced personal accomplishment that resulted from prolonged exposure to stressor. There many consequences from stress and for sure it will affect the project progress because many work will be pending and the performance of work not meet the customer expectation. As a project manager, they should know how to handle their stress and make...
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...Social Inequalities of Sports The world of sports has so many different levels to it. In each separate sport, there are different levels that range from recreational and neighborhood teams all the way up to professional leagues. Getting all the way up to this professional or even the collegiate level is a very impressive feat that not many people can say they have accomplished. However, athleticism and talent are not the only thing that gets you to these levels. There are many other factors that have to do with how far you can take your sport and how far your sport will allow you to go. There are many different inequalities such as race, ethnicity, class, and gender that shape each athlete’s experience in their respective sports. The first is race and ethnicity. The conversation about racial inequality is currently a hot topic in the United States. However, over the last fifty years, the world of sports has made some of the best progress of any institutions. In the National Football League, two thirds of the league players are racial minorities, most of them being African American. Close to 25% of the league management positions are occupied by people of color. There were six African American general managers in 2012, and eight of the last 12 Super Bowl participants have either had a black coach or General Manager. The National Basketball Association also has a very good diverse athlete population. More than three quarters of all NBA players are African-American and people...
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...examples, * A male worker creating critical comments concerning the length of a female coworker’s skirt. * Employees hanging out at common areas telling sexually explicit jokes. * A worker directing any other worker an email that uses suggestive or overt language. * A boss referring to his secretary in a sexist and undignified method. * A supervisor implying that to urge a raise, a coworker must sleep with him. * An employee groping another coworker. Who can experience Sexual Harassment? There is a standard thought that solely girls are often sexually displeased by men. To the contrary, harassment is gender-neutral and ladies will even as simply sexually harass men. In exercise, however, it's most typical for girls to file harassment complaints against men. As for whether a gender will sexually annoy somebody of identical gender, it's been established that...
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...Management Research News Emerald Article: The leader as motivator: coach and self-esteem builder Patricia Ann Castelli Article information: To cite this document: Patricia Ann Castelli, (2008),"The leader as motivator: coach and self-esteem builder", Management Research News, Vol. 31 Iss: 10 pp. 717 - 728 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170810908471 Downloaded on: 30-11-2012 References: This document contains references to 33 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensive range of online products and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 3 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital...
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...selfattributed needs for achievement on demographic, interest and effort variables. Discriminant analysis was used to determine if motivational and profile characteristics could be used to predict low and high self-attributed need achievers. Findings – The major findings of this study centered on the leader’s ability to inspire followers by using a variety of interesting coaching techniques and by building their self-esteem regardless of achievement orientation. Research limitations/implications – The results of this study are tentative and need to be reproduced with a larger, more comprehensive sample of a broader population. Practical implications – This research offers leaders practical techniques for effectively utilizing motivating strategies which may increase their followers’ interest and effort in a performance situation. Originality/value – The findings of this study indicating that interest and effort can be used to improve motivation suggest that followers may exhibit significant gains in continuing motivation when relevant techniques are applied by the leader. Keywords Leadership, Motivation (psychology), Coaching, Self esteem Paper...
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...following chapter, Chapter 9, discussed methods of employee development. This chapter covered current trends associated with formal education, effective development strategies, as well as how to design a development program. This review will focus specifically on mentoring, coaching and the benefits associated with each method of training. Mentoring and coaching both want to achieve the same goal, a productive, highly motivated employee for their organization. A mentor is an experienced, productive senior employee who helps a less experienced employee (protégé) (Noe, 2010). A coach is a peer or manager that works with the employee to motivate them, develop their skills and provide feedback to the employee (Noe, 2010). Each of these programs foster an environment that shows that companies are concerned with employee growth and development and by partnering a new employee with a veteran employee companies can get new hires up and running much quicker able to make immediate contributions to the company (McCauley, 2007). Mentoring can be an informal or formal experience but the major advantage of a formalized mentoring program is that it ensures access to mentors for all employees, regardless of gender or race (Noe, 2010). In having a successful formal mentorship program, it is also important to match the right mentor with...
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...Gender Equity in Sports Colleen Iardella American Military University Gender equity in sports describes an environment in which fair and equitable distribution of overall athletic opportunities, benefits, and resources is available to women and men and in which student athletes, coaches, and athletics administrators are not subject to gender-based discrimination. Title IX, passed in 1972 at the pinnacle of the women’s rights movement, banned sex discrimination in any federally financed education program. It threw into quick relief the imbalanced treatment of male and female athletes on college campuses. Ever since Congress passed the federal gender-equity law, universities have opened their gyms and athletic fields to millions of women who previously did not have chances to play. But as women have surged into a greater part on campus in recent years, many institutions have resorted to deception to make it look as if they are offering more sports to women. Throughout this paper I will discuss the issues of gender equity in sports. I will mention what equal opportunities women have to play sports and how they can develop the psychological, physiological and sociological impact from sports participation. Females are playing team sports more now than they were a decade ago and far more women will play team sports in the next decade. In the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association's (SGMA) study, the authors analyzed many team sports and the role that females...
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...the age at which future generations will be eligible for benefits. Management will need to find ways to stimulate career interests of older employees to keep them motivated and productive. Firms also will need to find ways to ease labor shortages by attracting those to return who already have retired. Let’s discuss these and other issues. Learning Objectives By the time we have finished this chapter you will be able to: 1. Describe a comprehensive approach to retaining employees. 2. Explain why employee engagement is important, and how to foster such engagement. 3. Discuss what employers and supervisors can do to support employees’ career development needs. 4. List and discuss the four steps in effectively coaching an employee. 5. List the main decisions employers should address in reaching promotion decisions. 6. Explain the factors you would consider when dismissing an employee. Managing Employee Turnover and Retention * Costs of turnover * Managing voluntary turnover * Retention/reducing voluntary turnover Turnover is an expensive cost for organizations. Understanding more about the costs and causes of turnover is important. There are tangible and intangible costs associated with turnover. Reducing turnover...
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...MENTORING PROGRAMS INDEX 1. Intrduction…….....………………………………………………………………………3 2. What is mentoring? …………………………………………………………………..…4 3. Benefits of mentoring…………………………………………………………………... 7 4. Mentoring Diversity…………………………………………………………………... 10 5. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………... 13 6. Bibliograhy………………………………………………...……………………………14 APPENDIX A…………………………………………………………………………….……15 1. INTRODUCTION The success of mentoring and the potential use In companies nowadays is due to the developmental partnership through which one person shares knowledge, skills, information and perspective to foster the personal and professional growth of someone else. This project is about mentoring programs and its application. We have started analysing the article assigned in class about career mentoring for women. The article talks about the low number of women who hold senior management positions in U.S companies and opinion of the mentoring programs as a way to increase the number of women in management positions. Then, we decided to study first what is the meaning of mentoring and what it implies. Second we have considered (regarding to the article) the mentoring in minorities and the positive effects that it could have. Finally, we have observed all the benefits that mentoring have in companies, mentors and mentees. 2. WHAT IS MENTORING? Mentoring can be defined as a professional relationship in which the mentor (an experienced person) assists the mentee in developing...
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...guideline for the organizations with the hiring and training of the right employee. Employee Selection and Training The success for an organization to thrive and succeed with its growth essentially begins with the selection and training of its employees. Employees who understand the task of the job and are proficient with its completion develop a positive work atmosphere. It is also essential that the employees receive the proper positive coaching to ensure that they are completing the tasks that are specified with that job while receiving feedback of their performance. For the selection and training of an employee, there are proper methods that can be used to choose and train an employee of the organization. The employee selection may be accomplished through scientific analysis, interviews, or using a work sample. Coaching an employee is not to point out the employee's weakness, but to help the employee to see their weakness and assist the employee to overcome the weakness to improve on their performance. The coaching of the employee can be accomplished in various ways. Some of the methods used for...
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... | |Department/Group |Quality Team |Location |Sarajevo | WORK CONTEXT / BACKGROUND: World Vision’s earliest involvement in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) was in 1994. Over the years, WV BiH has re-shaped its ministry from a largely return-focused program to one in alignment with the country’s basic development needs. WV BiH strategic intent is to contribute towards CWB in BiH (child wellbeing). To date, WV BiH works in partnership with communities, local and national government, faith-based institutions and civil society for the well-being of children. WV BiH makes no distinction of faith, ethnicity or gender when delivering its assistance to children and their families. Currently WV BiH employs 80 staff across the country. The overall annual budget for World Vision Bosnia and Herzegovina is around $4.6 million. PURPOSE OF POSITION: To lead the DM&E processes of intentional design and gathering of evidence of programs. This will be done through the development and maintenance of a ADP specific design and evaluation processes through the selection and roll out of a ‘tool box’ of DM&E approaches for WVBiH, ongoing analysis of progress towards the targets, ensuring program accountability in reporting. The DM&E is also responsible for providing technical support including the DM&E related capacity building processes. Demonstrates World...
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