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Coaching Behavior Lab

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Submitted By theresawatt7
Words 763
Pages 4
Group 12
EXSS 181
Dr. J.D. DeFreese
10 April 2015
Coaching Behavior Lab Paper:
The Analysis of Coaching Techniques Through Sports Psychology Theories

The UNC club baseball team is a student-led team in which the players elect a head coach and other positions to keep executive control of the team. The head coach this season is twenty years old so the players that he is coaching are the same age and sometimes even older than him. Since the head coach of this sport club is a coaching minor, he already had some experience coaching through his classes here at UNC. During each practice, the head coach hits ground balls and fly balls to each of the participants and leads the team in drills every day. While leading these drills, he comments on almost every single play including both mistakes and successful plays in order to correct mistakes or applaud the players’ performance.
The data collected from the coaching session demonstrates that instructor responses to successful participant outcomes (total percentage) were greater than unsuccessful participant outcomes (total percentage). Specifically, “praise only” coaching behaviors were displayed the most with an average observed percentage of 24.49%. An example of a “praise only” coaching behavior that he used was “Good catch, Jordan.” The praise only percentage presents a stark contrast to “praise and instruction” average percentage of 4.119 %. This disparity suggests lack of timely feedback displayed by the young coach, which could impede each player’s adeptness to learning if continually repeated. Instruction only comments were found to be second most prevalent followed by praise and instruction comments. This type of positive reinforcement, a specific form of operant conditioning, increases the likelihood of the behavior that precedes it. The teammates were encouraged to exert more effort and strive to catch the ball during the next throw. Since this part of practice was group-based, it was hard for the trained coach to give specific correctional feedback. I believe that this would have occurred in a different time of the practice devoted to that.
During our observation we found through the data that the majority of praise came from desirable outcomes. This can be assumed because coaches tend to praise desirable behavior because that is a component of the game that it is wanted of the coach. Around 40% of the responses were in reply to unwanted performance, which means there was less attention spent on the mistakes of the players than the successes. This coaching behavior could expressed by: lack of effort to point out errors, confidence that the players understand their mistake and will not do it again, and the fast pace of the game not allowing ample time to effectively criticize each player. Nevertheless the ratio of desired and undesired behavior responses is uneven and could be equal or closer to equal in the future.
While considering the aforementioned coaching descriptions, there are some coaching strategies that could be adjusted. One challenge presented to the UNC baseball organization may be the age of the coach. At a ripe 20 years of age, the coach may struggle balancing positions of friend versus leading coach to the players on the team. One coaching strategy that can solidify the head coach’s status is by providing timely feedback (whether it be visual, kinesthetic, or tactile in form) to help clarify the behaviors that need adjustment. Applying non-vague feedback and reinforcement immediately and contingently could have a positive behavioral change implementation. For example, a mistake made while pitching could be corrected using a sandwich approach if the coach said “You have an incredible throw, but next time make sure you grip the ball at the top of the seams horizontally to keep the ball traveling straighter, keep up the great work!” Most of the coaching feedback observed followed a positive reinforcement approach. However, in the Horn (1985) research findings, a greater frequency in positive reinforcement leads to lower perceptions of competence and performance. This can be explained by the phenomenon that positive reinforcement is not contingent. Furthermore, a good balance of reinforcement and punishment could help enhance intrinsic motivation. Additionally, effective coaching is dependent on players achieving goals. By using the SMART goal setting method, the coach could help each player set specific, measurable, and attainable goals. The coach could identify specific behaviors in each player and hold them accountable by constant assessment of current versus desired performances. Using these specific techniques could enable this young baseball coach to develop strategies that would increase a stronger intrinsic motivation within the players for seasons to come.

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