...Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 8-1-2012 Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A StateCorporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Elizabeth A. Bradshaw Western Michigan University, brads2ea@cmich.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Bradshaw, Elizabeth A., "Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A State-Corporate Environmental Crime Analysis of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill" (2012). Dissertations. Paper 53. This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact maira.bundza@wmich.edu. DEEPWATER, DEEP TIES, DEEP TROUBLE: A STATE-CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME ANALYSIS OF THE 2010 GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL by Elizabeth A. Bradshaw A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology Advisor: Ronald C. Kramer, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2012 THE GRADUATE COLLEGE WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN June 29, 2012 Date WE HEREBY APPROVE THE DISSERTATION SUBMITTED BY Elizabeth A. Bradshaw ENTITLED Deepwater, Deep Ties, Deep Trouble: A State-Corporate Environmental...
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...BUSINESS LAW: CASE ANALYSIS 1 On October 15, 2003, at approximately 3:00 p.m., the M/V Andrew J. Barberi, en route from Manhattan to Staten Island went off its course and collided at full speed into a concrete maintenance pier just 1800 feet south of the slip at which it was intended to dock. That day the vessel, with a 6000 passenger capacity, was carrying nearly 1500 people. It traveled on a day that was clear but windy, one deemed acceptable for travel. Traveling at a typical speed of 14-16 knots the ferry had the ability to come to a full stop in 43 seconds in a space of 420 feet. On this day the ferry was commanded by Captain Michael Gansas who in turn assigned Assistant Captain Richard Smith to the helm. Both men met the requirements of the coast Guard regulations as certified as first-class pilots and both were licensed. Both men had consistently received positive performance reviews over more than ten years of experience with the Staten Island Ferry. Smith steered the ferry, accompanied by deckhand, Joseph Selch, who was assigned as a lookout, while Ganas, leaving Smith alone at the helm without reservation, was near the rear of the vessel making preparations for a future Coast Guard inspection. Selch and Smith carried on normal conversations throughout the trip. With just 3000 feet, to be traveled in two minutes, left to the journey, Selch was released from his lookout duties to go and prepare for docking. Smith was left alone in the pilothouse...
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...practice that demands that business organizations look to the effect their decisions have on multiple stakeholders” (eGuide 2010 pg. 3). I would have to say after reading The Wreck of Amtrak’s Sunset Limited, the question of “Who was at fault” remains a difficult quest to conquer. However, I will do my best to break this case study down into elements that will eventually present an idea as to who truly was at fault for the derailment, in my opinion. I will present to you all the stakeholders involved in this derailment, as well as their interests in cleaning up the mess this “normal accident” left in its wake. Next, I will explain the four areas of the corporation's social corporate responsibilities including the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic areas. Based on these four areas of corporate social responsibility, I will reveal my final synopsis of who was responsible for this derailment and provide my rationales and recommendations to each of the businesses at fault. To begin, I will present a brief history of the derailment of Sunset Limited and the “normal accident” that took place. A brief history of the “normal accident” The case study for this assignment involved several factors to help create the accident. Amtrak’s transcontinental passenger train, Sunset Limited, was delayed in New Orleans and behind schedule thirty minutes before it left Alabama. At the same time this train was cruising on its tracks a good seventy-two mph, a towboat that was owned...
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...Introduction Overview of Costa Crociere S.p.A. and Cultural Values With revenues of 3.1 billion euros and 2.3 million total guests in 2011, Costa Crociere S.p.A. is the largest Italian travel group and Europe’s number one cruise company, comprising the brands Costa Cruises, AIDA Cruises and Iberocruceros. Costa Cruises (2012). The group is headquartered in Genoa. Costa Crociere S.p.A has Europe’s largest fleet: 27 ships with total guest capacity of around 70,000. Costa Cruises is committed to enhancing its ability to listen to, communicate with and engage with all stakeholders, to continuously increase its guest satisfaction level, to the empowerment of its people, to contributing to the welfare and development of the communities in which it operates, to respecting and protecting the environment in particular the seas in which the ship sails-and to improved safety. The company values are: 1. Passion for the customer 2. Human Resources 3. Teamwork 4. Innovation and creativity 5. Financial performance 6. Teamwork and ethics Michael Tamm, CEO of Costa Crociere comments on behalf of the company by saying “Furthermore, our Sustainability Report attests to Costa Cruises’ commitment to one of the crucial aspects of B.E.S.T 4 Certification: “continuous improvement.” This principle sets us apart and we apply it to all of the areas that we have previously mentioned through monitoring, control and prevention activities (always using the latest procedures)...
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...CREATE Research Archive Non-published Research Reports 2007 A Brief Analysis of Threats and Vulnerabilities in the Maritime Domain Niyazi Onur Bakir CREATE, nbakir@usc.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://research.create.usc.edu/nonpublished_reports Recommended Citation Bakir, Niyazi Onur, "A Brief Analysis of Threats and Vulnerabilities in the Maritime Domain" (2007). Non-published Research Reports. Paper 5. http://research.create.usc.edu/nonpublished_reports/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CREATE Research Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Non-published Research Reports by an authorized administrator of CREATE Research Archive. For more information, please contact gribben@usc.edu. A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES IN THE MARITIME DOMAIN1 N.O. BAKIR University of Southern California, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) 3710 McClintock Avenue, RTH 322, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2902 USA Abstract The attacks of September 11 have exposed the vulnerability of the American homeland against terrorism. Terrorists have already expressed their intentions to continue their aggression towards United States. Their goal is to incur maximum economic damage, inflict mass casualty, spread unprecedented fear among citizens and thus destabilize the nation to further their agenda. Many critical sites lay across US maritime borders, all of which could be potential targets to accomplish these goals...
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...Unit Seven Case Study: Royal Caribbean: Exotic Promises and Toxic Waters August 6, 2013 Royal Caribbean and other cruise companies use images of excursions in pristine waters in their marketing campaigns. However these cruise companies are illegally dumping in the waters they are using in their marketing campaigns. Oceana, an organization that campaigns to protect and restore the world’s oceans performed an analysis on illegal dumping by cruise companies, compiled from reports by the Environment Protection Agency and the cruise industry (Johnson, T. & Arnold, D., 2007, p. 554). The research shows that the typical cruise ship can produce up to 30,000 gallons of sewage a day (Johnson, T. & Arnold, D., 2007, p. 554). Also known as “black water” it may or may not be treated before being dumped into the ocean (Johnson, T. & Arnold, D., 2007, p. 554). Water produced from laundries, showers, kitchens, and engine operations, also known as “gray water” generates more than 200,000 gallons daily (Johnson, T. & Arnold, D., 2007, p. 554). Add in the oily bilge and ballast water and other debris, multiply the output by the number of ships plying the oceans, and it is easy to see the pollution problem and the harm being done to the fragile coastlines and reef ecosystems (Johnson, T. & Arnold, D., 2007, p. 554). With cruise companies using images of excursions in pristine waters in their marketing campaigns, they should have more respect for the oceans’ life. ...
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...Trident University Module #1 – Case Assignment MHE 512 – Disaster Relief Objectives: For this case you are discuss the response by government, NGOs and volunteer groups to Hurricane Katrina. The question for you to answer is whether or not the organizational structure for disaster response for the City of New Orleans, State of Louisiana, and FEMA was adequate to effectively respond to a Cat. 3 - 5 hurricane on August 26th, 2005. As you respond to this question please complete the following: o Review the various reports concerning the Katrina response and relief efforts. Identify an example of a relief effort which was successful and one which was unsuccessful. o Discuss the reasons why the examples you cited above were or were not successful. Comment specifically on whether you believe that the organizational structure at the City of New Orleans, State of Louisiana, and the Federal government was adequate, including communications and command and control. (Please refer to the Organization Structure for incident management in the National Response Plan.) Focus on how coordinating structures, processes, and protocols were employed to manage the disaster response. Discuss the importance of social networks during the Katrina Disaster. Please review the following (referenced) article and comment on the importance of social networks during a disaster response. ~ 1 of 11 ~ MHE 512- MOD 1 - Case Introduction to Disaster Relief; Organizational Structure of Relief Organizations;...
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...BP Paper Rough Draft 11/23/2012 April 20, 2012 British Petroleums drilling vessel Deepwater Horizon suffered an explosion, and then began expelling enormous amounts of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Although many different individuals and organizations attempted to help BP fix their spewing well, it wasn’t until July 15 that the vent was cut off. Through our research we have developed an analysis that examines the cause of the cause of the disaster, the event itself and its aftermath. We would also like to offer our recommendations on the subject. British Petroleum is an international oil company base in London and is one the nations leading oil and gas producer (History of oil spill). In spite of BP’s market share, as a company they have an unfortunate history of safety breeches including a 2005 explosion at oil refinery in Texas (Deep Water dDrilling). These accidents seem to be a cause of weak corporate safety culture and cost leadership (On average, fifty percent of management bonuses were awarded on the basis of cost cutting). The lack of proper safety practice and absence of oversight has ultimately resulted in infrastructure and architectural failure (Deep Water Drilling). As with any disaster, each party involves attempts to prove their innocence and are all too quick to point a finger at a party that must be guiltier than they and the Deepwater Horizon spill is no different. Although BP owned the oil, other companies had considerable interaction with Horizon;...
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...Undergraduate Application for Admission Thank you for your interest in Excelsior College. Complete this application if this is your first time applying to Excelsior College or if you were enrolled in the School of Nursing within the last five years and have since earned additional collegelevel credit. If you have withdrawn from a business, health sciences, liberal arts, or technology degree program within the last five years, please contact your Academic Advising Office as you may not be required to submit an application. If you are a graduate of a business, health sciences, liberal arts, technology, or nursing degree program, please contact your Academic Advising Office as you may not be required to submit an application. Licensed practical/vocational nurse Licensed massage therapist Certified pharmacy technician School of Nursing Candidates In addition to official transcripts, nursing candidates must submit a copy of a current license or certification to verify professional status in an appropriate health care profession. This license should be mailed with your application or faxed to the Undergraduate Application for Admission Team at 518-464-8833. Bachelor of Science in nursing (BRN) and RN to Master of Science in nursing (MRN) applicants must submit an official transcript showing the completion of associate degree nursing education or RN diploma education. Nursing courses completed at institutions other than Excelsior College are only evaluated upon enrollment. International...
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...UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND LEGAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF BUSINESS DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES NAME: KWAME ODOOM INDEX NUMBER: SB/SEM/15/0002 LECTURER: MR. F. O. BOACHIE MENSAH COURSE: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN SMALL FIRMS ASSIGNMENT CASE STUDY “BOSTON DUCK TOURS” QUESTIONS 1. What is Andy Wilson’s primary motivation for leading an entrepreneurial life? 2. What kind of entrepreneurial venture is Boston Duck Tours? 3. Describe the competitive advantage of Boston Duck Tours. 4. What characteristics of successful entrepreneurs does Andy Wilson embody? ANSWERS 1. The primary motivation for Andy Wilson, the founder of Boston Duck Tours for leading and entrepreneurial life was the fact that he wanted to be his own boss. The case alludes to the fact that “having worked for seven years in an investment banking firm, Wilson was no longer motivated by the suit-and-tie atmosphere of corporate America.” As a potential entrepreneur, he was also motivated by the zeal to exploit the window of opportunity in the tourism industry. The case recounts Wilson’s experience by saying that “His first trolley tour, which he called “such a pathetic experience,” gave him the determination to keep pushing forward.” As a result, it is seemingly clear that the boring nature of “the suit-and-tie atmosphere of corporate America” together with a clear open window of opportunity gave Andy Wilson the motivation to lead such as successful but challenging...
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...New Orleans was originally founded on high ground overlooking the Mississippi River, above sea level. Also surrounded by Lake Pontchartrain and Lake Borgne, New Orleans was susceptible to hurricanes that would come up the coast into the Gulf. Originally New Orleans was naturally protected by “coastal swamps that helped absorb the energy of storm surges before they reached dry land.” (Stillman 228) At this point Americans were more concerned with the floods that happened annually from the Mississippi River. In the early days, settlers built a mile long levee to block overflows from the mighty Mississippi while landowners constructed their own levees. “In 1879, Congress created the Mississippi River Commission” (Stillman 228) in which they hoped to train the river. Herein lay one of the earliest problems. Congress assigned the Army Corps of Engineers (the “Corps”) to head this newly created commission. The Corps believed they could control Mother Nature however as the video footage from The Lost City of New Orleans: A Case Study proved, “human kind cannot take on Mother Nature”. These engineers did not have the experience however they continued to increase the levees stating this would “confine the rivers for good”. However, “the more the levees constricted the Mississippi, the higher the waters rose”. (Stillman 228) As new plans and projects for the protecting New Orleans from Mississippi floodwaters were enacted, federal government financially backed all of them...
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... ABSTRACT This paper explores The Homeland Security Act of 2002 and its effect on the security landscape of the United States of America. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 created a new cabinet level department within the executive branch that would be called The Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Since its inception, the Department of Homeland Security has absorbed numerous agencies that had previously fallen under other departments for their importance in performing national security functions. Some of the agencies absorbed by DHS perform minor peripheral national security functions. Others, however, are very well-known agencies that stand on the front lines of American national security, like the United States Coast Guard (USCG), the Secret Service, and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). In this paper, we will examine some of these departments and discuss their roles in national security. Additionally, we will analyze the DHS in the context of successful and unsuccessful national security operations since the Homeland Security Act of 2002 was passed. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 and the Department of Homeland Security Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the US Congress determined the need for a new department within the U.S. government. This department would be responsible for overseeing the protection of American soil, or the American homeland, with a specific emphasis on preventing future terrorist...
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...ICMR Case Collection C op y ICFAI Center for Management Research N BECG 045 ot The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill D o This case was written by Jaya D. Sangtani, under the direction of Vivek Gupta, ICFAI Center for Management Research (ICMR). It was compiled from published sources, and is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a management situation. 2005, ICFAI Center for Management Research. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means- electronic or mechanical, without permission. To order copies, call 0091-40-2343-0462/63/64 or write to ICFAI Center for Management Research, Plot # 49, Nagarjuna Hills, Hyderabad 500 082, India or email icmr@icfai.org. Website: www.icmrindia.org BECG/045 THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL “ExxonMobil’s tactics are well-known, and this is a classic case of deny, dupe, and delay. Just as it denies the science on climate change, it denies that oil from the spill is causing damage in the Prince William Sound. And on both issues it is running campaigns to dupe the public into thinking it is an environmentally and socially responsible corporation.”1 - Anita Goldsmith, Greenpeace International Campaigner. “Exxon would meet its obligations to all those who have suffered damage from the spill.”2 op INTRODUCTION ...
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...The ORIGINAL ARTICLE Heart the MVand Short StaturePolicy implications CASE REPORT Sinking of Failure Doña Paz – II. in a 43 year-old male Table 1. Initial Laboratory Results Heart Failure recommendations to address these to hypothyroidism. with cardiomyopathy secondary factors. The patient had been born full term to a then 31-yearMethod. ReviewPara 3 (G4P3), the 4th of preparedness in the old Gravida 4 of the state of maritime 9 siblings, with an pre-disaster setting and the post-disaster responsefacilitated the apparently unremarkable delivery at home following by Table 2. Thyroid Doña Paz by the sinking of the MV Function Tests government and responsible a traditional birth attendant. He was noted to be normal agencies. A scrutiny Reference Value preparedness of concerned of the state of Result at birth. and subsequent response to thewith age was agencies The patient was allegedly at par0.02 disaster both Free T4 (0.8-2.0) ng/dL physically and mentally until formulating 24.75 Uiu/ml conducted with the objective of eight years old when he was recommendations TSH (0.4-6.0) said to have stopped growing in height. He was brought to which may lead to prevention and mitigate loss of lives. a private doctor, whose diagnosis was undisclosed, and he Results. Multiple factors to increase for the occurrence patient was given medications accounted height, which the of this tragedy. only one month with no improvement. Through the took for These factors include an inherent risk due...
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...Exxon Valdez Oil Spill of 1989 Isaac Mitchell Maine Maritime Academy The Exxon Valdez oil spill of 1989 occurred in Prince William Sound off the coast of southwestern Alaska. The date when the oil tanker ran aground was March 24th, 1989. It struck Bligh Reef at about 12:04 a.m. There have been various estimates of how much oil spilled into the ocean. A total of 11 million US gallons was a commonly accepted estimate of the spill’s volume, used by the State of Alaska’s Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and environmental groups such as Greenpeace and the Sierra Club ("Questions and answers," 1990). Other groups, such as Defenders of Wildlife, question the official estimates, maintaining that the volume of the spill went underreported (DeVries, Luts, 2004). Alternative calculations, based on an assumption that the seawater rather than oil drained from the damaged tanks, estimate the total to have been 25 to 32 million US gallons (Bluemink, 2010). Because of the spill many practices were going to change in the shipping industry. The Exxon Valdez oil spill drastically changed the United States’ shipping regulations, policies, and documentation. The Exxon Valdez damaged eight of its eleven tanks on board, spilling 11 million gallons of its 53 million gallon cargo of oil. Those 11 million gallons would spread and ultimately impact over 1,100 miles of non-continuous coastline in Alaska, making the Exxon Valdez oil spill the...
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