Free Essay

Code-Switching Annotated Bibliography

In:

Submitted By chokook0
Words 945
Pages 4
Wonguk Cho
SLS 380
Annotated Bibliography

García, O. (2008). Bilingual education in the 21st century. (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 42-71). Chichest, England: Wiley-Blackwell.

This chapter of the book deals with translanguaging, which is an approach to explain bilingualism where speakers switch from one language to another. The author thinks bilingualism is not the simple sum of a language and another language, but more complicated ability that is involved in a complex processing of human brain. Moreover, she saw code-switching as an actuality or evidence of procedure of bilingualism.
At first, she refers to there are two types of code-switching; intrasentential and intersentential. Intrasentential occurs in boundaries of a clause or a sentence, so a speaker may add words or phrase of a language into a sentence in another language. On the other hand, intersentential occurs at clause or sentence boundaries. In this case, a narrator adds a whole sentence of a particular language during speaking in another language. In addition, he describes how to distinguish between code-switching and code-mixing. The main difference is whether or not the speaker knows how to differentiate between the two languages. If they do, it must be code-switching. This chapter describes how to approach to my recording data with theoretical background. Since it is hard to explain why and how code-switching is happening in the data, this chapter provides me a strong notion of code-switching, which will help me when I analyze the conversation. I believe I can begin to build up my own analysis from here not only with recognizing and differentiating the concepts of intrasentential and intersentential, but also code-switching and code-mixing.

Pagano, A. (2010). Code‐switching: a korean case study. Griffith working papers in pragmatics and intercultural communication , 3(1), 22-38. The author conducted a research to see how code-switching is happening between two Korean speakers. She pays attention to how Korean culture affects English conversation since Korean interaction and conversation are based on hierarchical system, which is different from English. Moreover, she wants to highlight participants’ cultural identity based on the analysis of which vocabulary are switched, and what kind of patterns can be found from the conversation. From the data, I can see uhnee was used when one speaker called another participant. Uhnee is roughly can be translated into English word as ‘older sister.’ This result will help my research analysis because my participants are aware of this hierarchical notion of Korean even if their first language is English. I believe language is under influence of culture and society. With this idea of code-switching based on cultural aspects, I will see the importance of environment and contextual variation from the conversation data.

Duran, L. (1994). Toward a better understanding of code switching and interlanguage in bilinguality: implications for bilingual instruction. The journal of educational issues of language minority students, 14, 69-88.

The author describes the way of understanding linguistic and psychological variance from a conversation, which can be observed via code-switching. To explain code-switching, he assumes that it is considered as rule-governed behavior as a communication strategy. He thought code-switching is not happened by a random chance. He summarizes the wide use of code-switching in different contexts and with different languages-in-contact, the major purpose of code-switching as being both a social/discourse phenomenon as well as a structured linguistic one, a comparison to the related notion of borrowing, and a description of code switching patterns not as an aberration but as systematic and logical. Furthermore, he does not forget to highlight that there is still negative view of code-switching. In addition, he discusses two grammatical constraints on code-switching; a free morpheme constraint, which states that a switch cannot occur between a lexical form and a bound morpheme unless the former has been phonologically integrated into the language of the latter and the equivalence constraint rule which states that the word order immediately before and immediately after a switching point should exist in the two languages to make it possible for a switch to take place. The two languages involved can then be interchanged freely. This journal provides a strong grammatical notion of code-switching. With the grammatical view, I may analyze the data in a view of linguistic aspect whether or not the syntactic rules can be applied to my conversation data. I believe I can make my analysis abundant with this journal article with those grammatical inspections.

Mati, X. (2004, August). In Hanlie Rossinger (Chair). Using code switching as a strategy for bilingual education in the classroom. Paper presented at the Aeaa conference, Pretoria, South Africa. Retrieved from http://www.hsrc.ac.za/Research_Publication-18411.phtml

The author describes how bilingual speaker can get benefit in academic achievement. She believes that bilingual speakers who are allowed to code switch can convey their knowledge of subject matter to their interlocutors better. Also, she mentioned about language barrier, which makes the language learners suffer. As a result of the data analysis, it manifested children did not hesitate in their conversations or become blocked due to language barrier. With this idea, I want to highlight how my research participants can switch languages without hesitation in a conversation. If they have low level of language barrier to use their second language, there must be evidence that is showing how much they can be comfortable with two languages. If there is any hesitation, I need to see whether they undergo difficulties to deliver their speech. Moreover, I wish I can prove there is an advantage of using code-switching as a great strategy.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Human Trafficking Annoted Bibliography

...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Social Issues Human Trafficking Annotated Bibliography In: Social Issues Human Trafficking Annotated Bibliography Human trafficking An annotated bibliography Web Links Anti-Slavery International http://www.antislavery.org/ Anti-Slavery International's Trafficking Programme comprises three elements: campaigning to end human trafficking, lobbying for victim protection, and research on measures governments take to protect victims of trafficking, especially those who act as witnesses. The web site provides information about both current and historical slavery operations. The UN Global Programme Against Trafficking in Human Beings The Global Programme against Trafficking in Human Beings (GPAT) assists Member States in their efforts to combat trafficking in human beings. It highlights the involvement of organized criminal groups in human trafficking and promotes the development of effective ways of cracking down on perpetrators. The GPAT's' overarching objective is to bring to the foreground the involvement of organized criminal groups in human trafficking and to promote the development of effective criminal justice-related responses. UNICEF UNICEF is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs...

Words: 427 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Annotated Bibliography

...my paper, I certify that I have not cheated or plagiarized in the process of completing this assignment. If it is found that cheating and/or plagiarism did take place in the writing of this paper, I understand the possible consequences of the act/s, which could include expulsion from Indiana Wesleyan University. Thesis The health care industry each years spends millions in medication errors that could be prevented. By implementing a data entry system that would allow access by medical professionals and pharmacies to collaborate and reduce the chance of medication errors dramatically. The data systems are pricy but when compared to the cost of medication errors and loss of lives it saves most medical establishments money. Annotated Bibliography The need for data entry systems to reduce medical errors Rinda, J. (2012). integration helps clinicians reduce medication errors. Health Management Technology , 33 (10), 12-13. With the risks of medication errors endangering lives, the technology has been gearing towards linking smart infusion pumps with health information platforms. Electronic health records have already been developed and are currently being used in some areas. This can lead to reductions in health care costs and increase in workflow. The medication errors could result in 400,000 preventable injuries each year. 1.5 million errors occur in the U.S. each year, resulting in $77 billion in cost annually. The iv integration system which is a form of the medication...

Words: 1839 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Example of Apa

...Running Head: STUDENT PAPER EXAMPLE This is an Example of an APA Style Student Paper Gregory White, Ph.D. National University Abstract This sample paper provides National University students with an example of what features of APA style they are expected to use when writing student papers. The required features do not require several features required by APA style for papers that report original research or that propose a research project. Students who follow the guidelines embodied in this sample paper are much more likely to receive better grades from National University professors than those who ignore the guidelines. The guidelines in this example are based on the sixth edition of the Publication Manual (American Psychological Association, 2010). This is an Example of an APA Style Student Paper This sample paper presents most elements of American Psychological Association (APA) style that your instructors will expect you to follow when writing papers for National University 9sychology courses (American Psychological Association, 2010). You will use this format for longer papers such as literature reviews, expository and narrative essays, as well as for shorter papers in which you are required to write just a few pages of commentary on some reading, assigned exercise, or class activity. In all cases your instructor will tell you if an assignment requires full APA style as outlined in this paper. In almost all cases, you should use appropriate grammar...

Words: 6051 - Pages: 25

Premium Essay

Amspar Diploma in Primary Care Management Unit 602 Financial Management and Budgeting in a Primary Care and Health Environment

...AMSPAR Diploma In Primary Care Management Unit 602 Financial Management And Budgeting In a Primary Care And Health Environment By Graham Morrison Task 1 1a. Evaluate the information and processes required to be able to set a budget, which supports the organisation's business goals. Discuss how you would use them to prepare, formulate and monitor a budget. The objectives of budget preparation are shown in the table below. Objective | Comment | Planning | Compelling managers to plan is probably the most important feature of a budgetary planning and control system. Planning forces management to look ahead, to set out detailed plans for achieving targets for each department and operation and ideally each manager and to anticipate problems. It thus prevents management relying on ad-hoc or uncoordinated planning which may be detrimental to the performance of the organisation. It also helps managers to foresee potential threats or opportunities, so that they make take action now to avoid or minimise the effects or threats and to take full advantage of the opportunities. | Responsibility | Objectives are set for the organisation as a whole, and for individual departments and operations within the organisation. Quantified expressions of these objectives are then drawn up as targets to be achieved within the timescale of the budget plan. Budgetary planning and...

Words: 10884 - Pages: 44

Free Essay

Introduction to Sociolinguistic

...An Introduction to Sociolinguistics AITA01 1 5/9/05, 4:36 PM Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics The books included in this series provide comprehensive accounts of some of the most central and most rapidly developing areas of research in linguistics. Intended primarily for introductory and post-introductory students, they include exercises, discussion points, and suggestions for further reading. 1. Liliane Haegeman 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Andrew Spencer Helen Goodluck Ronald Wardhaugh Martin Atkinson Diane Blakemore Michael Kenstowicz Deborah Schiffrin John Clark and Colin Yallop 10. 11. 12. 13. Natsuko Tsujimura Robert D. Borsley Nigel Fabb Irene Heim and Angelika Kratzer 14. Liliane Haegeman and Jacqueline Guéron 15. Stephen Crain and Diane Lillo-Martin 16. Joan Bresnan 17. Barbara A. Fennell 18. Henry Rogers 19. Benjamin W. Fortson IV 20. AITA01 Liliane Haegeman 2 Introduction to Government and Binding Theory (Second Edition) Morphological Theory Language Acquisition Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Fifth Edition) Children’s Syntax Understanding Utterances Phonology in Generative Grammar Approaches to Discourse An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology (Second Edition) An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics Modern Phrase Structure Grammar Linguistics and Literature Semantics in Generative Grammar English Grammar: A Generative Perspective An Introduction to Linguistic Theory and Language...

Words: 213157 - Pages: 853

Premium Essay

Asoka Dhamma

...chilot.wordpress.com Legal Research Methods Teaching Material Prepared by: Prof (Dr) Khushal Vibhute & Filipos Aynale m Prepared under the Sponsorship of the Justice and Legal System Research Institute 2009 chilot.wordpress.com TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------------------1 1.1 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.2 Law and Society: Mutual Relationship & Interaction-----------------------------------------------------3 1.3 Legal System: A System of Norms and Social System?---------------------------------------------------4 1.4 Role of Law in A Planned Socio-Economic Development------------------------------------------------6 UNIT 2: LEGAL RESEARCH: AN INTRODUCTION----------------------------------8 2.1 What is research?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 Meaning of research---------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Objectives of research-------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Motivation in research------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Research and scientific method-------------------------------------------------------------------14 2.2 Types of research------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15...

Words: 83907 - Pages: 336

Premium Essay

Acer America

...Fourth Edition, last update November 01, 2007 2 Lessons In Electric Circuits, Volume IV – Digital By Tony R. Kuphaldt Fourth Edition, last update November 01, 2007 i c 2000-2010, Tony R. Kuphaldt This book is published under the terms and conditions of the Design Science License. These terms and conditions allow for free copying, distribution, and/or modification of this document by the general public. The full Design Science License text is included in the last chapter. As an open and collaboratively developed text, this book is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the Design Science License for more details. Available in its entirety as part of the Open Book Project collection at: www.ibiblio.org/obp/electricCircuits PRINTING HISTORY • First Edition: Printed in June of 2000. Plain-ASCII illustrations for universal computer readability. • Second Edition: Printed in September of 2000. Illustrations reworked in standard graphic (eps and jpeg) format. Source files translated to Texinfo format for easy online and printed publication. • Third Edition: Printed in February 2001. Source files translated to SubML format. SubML is a simple markup language designed to easily convert to other markups like A LTEX, HTML, or DocBook using nothing but search-and-replace substitutions. • Fourth Edition: Printed in March 2002. Additions...

Words: 29763 - Pages: 120

Premium Essay

Managing Operations Assignment

...Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication About the Authors Preface Changes in the fifth edition Companion websites Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction to research What is research? Business research Types of business research: applied and basic Managers and research The manager and the consultant–researcher Internal versus external consultants/researchers Knowledge about research and managerial effectiveness Ethics and business research Summary Discussion Questions Chapter 2: Scientific investigation The hallmarks of scientific research Some obstacles to conducting scientific research in the management area The hypothetico-deductive method Other types of research Summary Discussion Questions Chapter 3: The research process: the broad problem area and defining the problem statement Broad problem area Preliminary information gathering Literature review Defining the problem statement The research proposal Managerial implications Ethical issues in the preliminary stages of investigation Summary Discussion Questions Practice Projects Appendix Chapter 4: The research process: theoretical framework and hypothesis development The need for a theoretical framework Variables Theoretical framework Hypothesis development Hypothesis testing with qualitative research: negative case analysis Managerial implications Summary Discussion Questions Practice Project Chapter 5: The research process: elements of research design The...

Words: 119604 - Pages: 479

Premium Essay

Dphs Server

...Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction The advances in computer technologies have affected everybody’s daily life. Computers support and assist almost every single human activity. Traditional Decision Support Systems (DSS) has focused on computerized support for making decisions with respect to managerial problems (Turban 2005). Information is power. Providing significant and updated information is important to an administration because it is committed to promote transparency in school. It is grateful to a certain place that if it is linked to the rest of the world, it means that people could easily access vital information about the school. This set of web information could include data about the events of school or the school history, its vision and mission, its faculty and staff and its plans and programs. In this age of information, almost all fields of endeavor such as education, manufacturing, research, games, entertainment, and business treat information systems as a need. Indeed, every activity in our daily life today requires people to get involved in the use of information systems. Information technology is playing a crucial role in the development of modern society and social life. It has transformed the whole world into a global village. Now social life has moved to online. People are using discussion board, blogs and social networking sites through web-based technology to communicate digitally. World Wide Web, digital library, e-commerce and...

Words: 22831 - Pages: 92

Premium Essay

Databasse Management

...Fundamentals of Database Systems Preface....................................................................................................................................................12 Contents of This Edition.....................................................................................................................13 Guidelines for Using This Book.........................................................................................................14 Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................................15 Contents of This Edition.........................................................................................................................17 Guidelines for Using This Book.............................................................................................................19 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................21 About the Authors ..................................................................................................................................22 Part 1: Basic Concepts............................................................................................................................23 Chapter 1: Databases and Database Users..........................................................................................23 ...

Words: 229471 - Pages: 918

Premium Essay

Role of Information Technology

...The History of Information Technology March 2010 Draft version to appear in the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 45, 2011 Thomas Haigh thaigh@computer.org University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Thomas Haigh The History of Information Technology – ARIST Draft 2 In many scholarly fields the new entrant must work carefully to discover a gap in the existing literature. When writing a doctoral dissertation on the novels of Nabokov or the plays of Sophocles, clearing intellectual space for new construction can be as difficult as finding space to erect a new building in central London. A search ensues for an untapped archive, an unrecognized nuance, or a theoretical framework able to demolish a sufficiently large body of existing work. The history of information technology is not such a field. From the viewpoint of historians it is more like Chicago in the mid-nineteenth century (Cronon, 1991). Building space is plentiful. Natural resources are plentiful. Capital, infrastructure, and manpower are not. Boosters argue for its “natural advantages” and promise that one day a mighty settlement will rise there. Speculative development is proceeding rapidly and unevenly. But right now the settlers seem a little eccentric and the humble structures they have erected lack the scale and elegance of those in better developed regions. Development is uneven and streets fail to connect. The native inhabitants have their ideas about how things should be done, which sometimes...

Words: 27274 - Pages: 110

Premium Essay

From Pmbok

...Project Management Project and Programme Management Resources for Students Gower have teamed up with a major provider of project management training, ESI International, to bring you a range of project and programme resources to support your learning. Visit www.projectmanagement9.com and: • • • • Download white papers on topics as diverse as the project communication, project leadership, risk management and project troubleshooting. View professional project webinars from some of the leading presenters on project management covering topics such as: risk management, troubled project recovery, portfolio management, business requirements, earned value management, performance-based service contracting. Learn about the qualifications and development available from the PMI, Project Management Institute, the world’s largest non-profit professional association in project management. Link to further resources, professional bodies, news sites and more. These resources are designed to help you develop your learning on project management and start you on the road to professional qualifications or further development, once you have finished your degree or your current qualification. Visit www.projectmanagement9.com Project Management Ninth Edition DENNIS LOCK © Dennis Lock 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise...

Words: 232485 - Pages: 930

Premium Essay

Textbook

...new chapters on ● ● ● ● ● ● panel data and limited dependent variable models Problem-solving approach assumes no prior knowledge of econometrics emphasising intuition rather than formulae, giving students the skills and confidence to estimate and interpret models Detailed examples and case studies from finance show students how techniques are applied in real research Sample instructions and output from the popular computer package EViews enable students to implement models themselves and understand how to interpret results Gives advice on planning and executing a project in empirical finance, preparing students for using econometrics in practice Covers important modern topics such as time-series forecasting, volatility modelling, switching models and simulation methods Thoroughly class-tested in leading finance schools Chris Brooks is Professor of Finance at the ICMA Centre, University of Reading, UK, where he also obtained his PhD. He has published over sixty articles in leading academic and practitioner journals including the Journal of Business, the Journal of Banking and Finance, the Journal of Empirical Finance, the Review of Economics and Statistics and the Economic Journal. He is an associate editor of a number of journals including the International Journal of...

Words: 195008 - Pages: 781

Premium Essay

Econometrics

...● ● ● ● ● ● panel data and limited dependent variable models Problem-solving approach assumes no prior knowledge of econometrics emphasising intuition rather than formulae, giving students the skills and confidence to estimate and interpret models Detailed examples and case studies from finance show students how techniques are applied in real research Sample instructions and output from the popular computer package EViews enable students to implement models themselves and understand how to interpret results Gives advice on planning and executing a project in empirical finance, preparing students for using econometrics in practice Covers important modern topics such as time-series forecasting, volatility modelling, switching models and simulation methods Thoroughly class-tested in leading finance schools Chris Brooks is Professor of Finance at the ICMA Centre, University of Reading, UK, where he also obtained his PhD. He has published over sixty articles in leading academic and practitioner journals including the Journal of Business, the Journal of Banking and Finance, the Journal of Empirical Finance, the Review of Economics and Statistics and the Economic Journal. He is an associate editor of a number of journals including...

Words: 195008 - Pages: 781

Free Essay

Doctor

...* MECHANISMS FOR DEALING WITH SHAREHOLDER-MANAGER CONFLICTS * * AGENCY VERSUS CONTRACT * * FURTHER READING: Agency theory suggests that the firm can be viewed as a nexus of contracts (loosely defined) between resource holders. An agency relationship arises whenever one or more individuals, called principals, hire one or more other individuals, called agents, to perform some service and then delegate decision-making authority to the agents. The primary agency relationships in business are those (1) between stockholders and managers and (2) between debtholders and stockholders. These relationships are not necessarily harmonious; indeed, agency theory is concerned with so-called agency conflicts, or conflicts of interest between agents and principals. This has implications for, among other things, corporate governance and business ethics. When agency occurs it also tends to give rise to agency costs, which are expenses incurred in order to sustain an effective agency relationship (e.g., offering management performance bonuses to encourage managers to act in the shareholders' interests). Accordingly, agency theory has emerged as a dominant model in the financial economics literature, and is widely discussed in business ethics texts. Agency theory in a formal sense originated in the early 1970s, but the concepts behind it have a long and varied history. Among the influences are property-rights theories, organization economics, contract law, and political philosophy...

Words: 17274 - Pages: 70