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Coffee, Cooperation and Competition:
A Comparative Study of Colombia and Vietnam

Authors:[1]

Adriana Roldán-Pérez
Maria-Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez
Pham Thu Huong
Dao Ngoc Tien

Research assistants (Colombia):
Franz Xaver Riegler
Stephanie Riegler
Catalina Tabares
Melissa Eusse

Research assistant (Vietnam):
Nguyen Thu Hang
Table of contents

List of figures 4

List of tables 4

Acronyms, abbreviations and definitions 6

Weights and measures 6

Abstract 7

1 Introduction 8
1.1 Research objectives 9
1.1.1 General objectives 9
1.1.2 Specific objectives 9
1.2 Research methodology 9

2 Literature review on the global value chain (GVC) of coffee 11
2.1 Theory of global value chains 11
2.1.1 Introduction to the value chain concept 11
2.1.2 Global commodity chains 12
2.1.3 Value chain analysis 13
2.1.3.1 Definition 13
2.1.3.2 Methodological aspects of value chain analysis 15
2.1.4 Governance 15
2.1.5 Barriers to entry and rent 16
2.1.6 Upgrading in value chains 16
2.2 Overview of the world coffee market 17
2.2.1 World coffee production 17
2.2.2 Production by type of coffee 18
2.2.3 Coffee producing countries 19
2.2.4 Stocks in producing countries 20
2.2.5 World coffee exports 21
2.2.6 World coffee consumption 24
2.2.7 The International Coffee Organisation and coffee prices 29
2.2.8 Mapping the global value chain of coffee 31

3 Analysis of Colombia and Vietnam’s participation in the coffee value chain 33
3.1 Vietnam’s participation in the GVC of coffee 33
3.1.1 Background 33
3.1.1.1 Natural conditions 33
3.1.1.2 Infrastructure 34
3.1.1.3 Policy and legal frameworks 35
3.1.2 Vietnam’s position in the global coffee market 36
3.1.2.1 Export output 37
3.1.2.2 Export turnover 37
3.1.2.3 Export product structure 38
3.1.2.4 Export prices 39
3.1.2.5 Export markets 40
3.1.3 Actors 42
3.1.3.1 Farmers