Premium Essay

Cognitive Radio Network

In:

Submitted By hasnutzamil2000
Words 9257
Pages 38
POWER ALLOCATION FOR THE NETWORK CODED COGNITIVE COOPERATIVE NETWORK by Major Awal Uddin Ahmed (ID: 1003) Major Md Shariful Islam(ID: 1004) Major K M Hasnut Zamil (ID: 1006)

A Project Report submitted to the department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering

Advisor: M. Shamim Kaiser

Military Institute of Science and Technology Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka December 2010

To Our Beloved Parents

ii

DECLARATION

This thesis is a presentation of my original research work. Wherever contributions of others are involved, every effort is made to indicate this clearly, with due reference to the literature, and acknowledgement of collaborative research and discussions. The work was done under the guidance of Dr. M. Shamim Kaiser, at the Mililary Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka.

(Major Awal Uddin Ahmed (ID: 1003))

(Major Md Shariful Islam(ID: 1004))

(Major K M Hasnut Zamil (ID: 1006))

iii

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled POWER ALLOCATION FOR THE NETWORK CODED COGNITIVE COOPERATIVE NETWORK and submitted by Major Awal Uddin Ahmed (ID: 1003), Major Md Shariful Islam(ID: 1004), Major K M Hasnut Zamil (ID: 1006) for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering. They embody original work under my supervision to the best of my knowledge.

(Signature in full of The Supervisor) Dr. M. Shamim Kaiser Assistant Professor (Visiting Faculty), EECE, MIST

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to our advisor Professor Dr. M. Shamim Kaiser for his excellent guidance and continual support during the course of our degree and the project. Second, we would

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Rock Music Home Assignment

...assignment Question: 2. Radio plays a central role in the discussions in this chapter. How does it affect each of the three styles under consideration? What role does TV play? Answer: For the style of rhythm and blues: In the 1950s, a new approach to radio disseminated rhythm and blues outside of regional black communities. In 1948, WDIA in Memphis began programming and advertising especially to the local black population, playing rhythm and blues records supported by a roster of sponsors. For the style of country and western: As far back the 1930s, mainstream pop played to a national audience, while country and western was most limited to regional radio exposure. Within a few years, local and regional radio stations across the nation were programming country music, especially WSM in Nashville and WLS in Chicago WSM broadcast the popular country-oriented program the Grand Ole Opry, while WLS produced the National Barndance. For the style of mainstream pop: NBC went coast-to-coast with its national radio network in 1928, which was an important step in blurring the regional boundaries of popular culture. Because of this, some pop styles became national, while others kept their regional identities. This can be attributed to network programming: the mainstream pop was heard frequently on network radio. By the early 1950s, the national audience for popular music had largely shifted from radio to television. This meant that radio needed to adapt...

Words: 253 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Sample Paper

...and to the position you are applying for. It will be your training ground. If you still have no idea on what is meant to be a worker, OJT will give a hint of career realities. Your OJT superior might as well recommend your skills to other companies whom he knows. It will give you a sense of confidence that you can use when applying for a job after graduation and also help you to make career choices. Students should realize the importance of OJT on their future career. Having a good performance during OJT is very important especially now that there's a tight competition towards job seekers and the high qualification of companies. History of Ultrasonic Broadcasting System Energy FM Ultrasonic Broadcasting System, Inc. (UBSI) is the radio network based in Pasig City, Philippines. UBSI is owned by the SYSU Group of Companies, a family-owned conglomerate that distributes imported food products in the country. It was founded by Manny Luzon in 1991 with the launch of K-LOVE 1494. In 1996, Energy FM,...

Words: 1925 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Femtocell Networks

...Abstract—Cognitive Femtocell has been envisioned as a highly promising solution for spectrum scarcity problems and local-convergence demands for indoor network applications. However, the achievable gains from Cognitive Femtocell deployment is limited by the hidden node problem leading to increased interference and consequently reduced spectrum efficiency. In this paper we compare the degree of performance enhancement when a cooperative mode is used to share information about the channel versus when standalone decisions are taken about the state of the channel. Simulation results indicate superior performance of the cooperative mode in terms of the number of observed hidden nodes and probabilities of detection and false alarm. Keywords—Femtocell; Cognitive Radio; Dynamic Spectrum Access; Energy Detection; Hidden Node Problem; Spectrum Sensing; IEEE 802.22. I. INTRODUCTION Recent surveys have shown that indoor traffic accounts for more than 50% of the total data and voice traffic carried in wireless networks with most of the traffic originating from homes, airports, and schools [1] .This skyrocketing growth of indoor traffic coupled with the increased user demand for high broad band services necessitates new solutions that will provide the required indoor coverage and bandwidth. The existing macrocells are not efficient at delivering indoor coverage due to the high penetration losses in walls during signal propagation which leads to low coverage regions (black spots) [2].The...

Words: 3980 - Pages: 16

Free Essay

A Comparative Study of Cognitive Radio Platforms

...A Comparative Study of Cognitive Radio Platforms Moshe Timothy Masonta CSIR Meraka and TUT P.O. Box 395 Pretoria 0001, South Africa Mjumo Mzyece Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) Pretoria, South Africa Fisseha Mekuria Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Pretoria 0001, South Africa mmasonta@csir.co.za mzyecem@tut.ac.za fmekuria@csir.co.za ABSTRACT Cognitive radio (CR) technology has become one of the buzzwords within the wireless communications community over the past 12 years. Its ability to learn, decide and adapt to the external environment made CR attractive to regulators, researchers, academia, politicians and the industry. CR promises to bring a paradigm shift in spectrum management policies from command-and-control regime to dynamic and opportunistic spectrum access. Despite more than a decade of research in the CR area, there are too little CR systems ready for the market. This lack of ready CR systems may reflect an overemphasis in the CR literature on theory and simulations with less work done in experimental-basedresearch and publications. In order to fast-track the real-life deployments of CR systems, the research community is now focusing on the development of CR platforms. With different software defined radio (SDR) packages and hardware available, it is confusing to decide which one to build or use. The objective of this paper is to study the design of CR platforms making use available SDR software packages and hardware...

Words: 4120 - Pages: 17

Free Essay

Spectrum Sensing

...Electrical Engineering Department 2008 Annual Research Review 28 January 2008 Spectrum Sensing Design for Cognitive Radios Prof. Danijela Cabric danijela@ee.ucla.edu Spectrum Utilization Power Spectrum Density (dBm/Hz) -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 GHz Freq (GHz) Utilization(%) 0~1 54.4 1~2 35.1 2~3 7.6 3~4 0.25 4~5 0.128 5~6 4.6 Even though the spectra is allocated it is almost unused Cognitive Radios can make better use of the spectrum How Does a Cognitive Radio Operate? PU1 PU3 CR1 PSD PU2 CR2 Primary Cognitive PU4 Frequency Sense the spectral environment over a wide bandwidth Transmit in “white space” & Adapt bandwidth and power Detect if primary user appears Move to new white space Cognitive Radio System Design Network Management Sensing MAC Sensing Signal Processing Sensing radio Spectrum Allocation Network Link Layer Wideband signaling Wideband radio Physical Layer Spectrum sensing is the key enabling functionality How do we implement spectrum sensing in a system? Spectrum Sensing Problem Primary User Cognitive Radio users must guarantee non-interference requirement Tx Rx CR CR Decoding SNR Sensing SNR distance Distance and channel not known Cognitive radio can only observe (sense) primary system Tx signals Need to sense signals in highly negative SNR Sensing SNR < Decoding SNR – worst case channel Sensing SNR < [5dB to 20 dB] – [20 dB to 40 dB] = [-35...

Words: 1183 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

I Dunno

...departments are beginning to use more advanced radio technologies that are digital. These radios have larger capabilities and cost a lot less than analog radio equipment. There is a new radio called cognitive radio that is being used to detect and adjust to changing communications constraints in the field. This automatically changes to the frequencies and interfaces needed. "Cognitive radios react to environment for better public safety communications." (National institute of justice, Dec 11, 2012, para. 1) Radios were once built using analog electronic parts and circuits that handled signal processing. Technology has advanced exponentially over the past few decades with a new era of digital technology. Now a days radios have become more like computers. Another important factor in this digital development is the cost. Digital parts and circuits are much less expensive than analog. Analog can mostly do a few tasks, digital can do multiple tasks as defined as its software. This new cognitive radio will assist law enforcers in the field in many ways. It will be programmed to recognize a particular frequency that has been overloaded with traffic and it will automatically find and switch over to an alternative frequency without the operator doing it manually. The cognitive radio is aware of its own environment, it knows its own capabilities and limitations as well as its operator’s needs. These radios are running under an engine called cognitive engine. A software package that does...

Words: 1138 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Msc Project Proposal

...Energy optimization in Mobile Networks University of Greenwich MSc Wireless Mobile Communication Systems engineering By: Basel Barakat I. Part one i. Introduction A. Research Area Wireless communication industry is growing exponentially. Today there are over 5 billion people use cellular phones and it is estimated that in the next four years there will be a 7 trillion wireless devices (LI-CHUN& RANGAPILLAI, 2010).The wildly spreading smart phones require a relatively high data rate, which eventually causes more power consumption. Recent studies are trying to develop a new technique for reducing the power consumption in cellular networks and making it more environment friendly, with taking the efficient power transmitting to the user on their consideration. The first mobile network consisted of only one base station; currently there are more than 4 million base stations worldwide to satisfy the huge demand on the mobile networks. On average each base station is using about 25MWh per year, which is about 60 percent of the total power consumption of mobile network (NAHAS et al., 2012). The focus of the proposed project is to increase the energy efficiency of the mobile networks without decreasing the quality of service of the mobile networks; it is combining and improving of suggested mechanisms to improve the existing mobile networks and hopefully to be implemented on future networks. B. Problems to be addressed The main issue that faces the decreasing of...

Words: 3838 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Msc Final Project

...Energy optimization in Mobile Networks University of Greenwich MSc Wireless Mobile Communication Systems engineering By: Basel Barakat I. Part one i. Introduction A. Research Area Wireless communication industry is growing exponentially. Today there are over 5 billion people use cellular phones and it is estimated that in the next four years there will be a 7 trillion wireless devices (LI-CHUN& RANGAPILLAI, 2010).The wildly spreading smart phones require a relatively high data rate, which eventually causes more power consumption. Recent studies are trying to develop a new technique for reducing the power consumption in cellular networks and making it more environment friendly, with taking the efficient power transmitting to the user on their consideration. The first mobile network consisted of only one base station; currently there are more than 4 million base stations worldwide to satisfy the huge demand on the mobile networks. On average each base station is using about 25MWh per year, which is about 60 percent of the total power consumption of mobile network (NAHAS et al., 2012). The focus of the proposed project is to increase the energy efficiency of the mobile networks without decreasing the quality of service of the mobile networks; it is combining and improving of suggested mechanisms to improve the existing mobile networks and hopefully to be implemented on future networks. B. Problems to be addressed The main issue that faces the decreasing of...

Words: 3838 - Pages: 16

Free Essay

Multiuser Wireless Sytems and Network

...Multiuser Wireless Sytems and Networks (Project Proposal) 1 Introduction MIMO communication and cognitive radios have both been two of the most productive areas of research thelast decade in the wireless communication community. Generally speaking, a cognitive radio automatically adapts its transmission and/or reception parameters in a way that it is bene_cial to him and/or to the entirewireless communication network. A typical paradigm (and the one that this project will assume) is onewhere secondary users (SUs) communicate (radios that do not \own" the wireless resources that are usingfor their communication) and coexist with the primary users (PUs) without harming their communication.MIMO technology provides a means for the SUs to adapt their transmission in a way that the PUs are not severely a_ected. In this project, my starting point will be a recent work from Yair Noam and Andrea Goldsmith [1],where the authors propose a Null-Space Learning algorithm for Spatial coexistence. In few words, the SUTransmitter learns the null-space of the PU receiver and then transmits only in this subspace so as to causeminimal interference. The goal of this project is to extend this work for time-varying channels and to proposetracking algorithms that could mitigate the e_ects of a changing wireless environment.In section 2 we are going to present the framework in which we are going to work on, and in section 3we are going to provide a detailed description of the goals and plans of...

Words: 560 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Spectrum Management Analysis

...submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Date: -------------------------Duyu Komo (2008IPG-26) -------------------------Nitin Deshdeep (2008IPG-62) ------------------------Rohit Basnal (2008IPG-76) This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is correct to the best of my knowledge. Date: -----------------------------Dr. Deepali Singh (ABV-IIITM Gwalior) ii    ABSTRACT The prime aim of the study is to recognize and discuss various issues of Global and Indian spectrum policies and its management, and to identify the shortcomings as well as the future scope of the present applied strategies. As the Radio frequency Spectrum is a limited resource, which is being widely used for Mobile communication, various radio transmission technologies and applications. Thus, we try to plan a better management process for the...

Words: 12523 - Pages: 51

Premium Essay

Technology

...International Journal of Next-Generation Networks (IJNGN) Vol.6, No.3, September 2014 THE FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN EVOLVING WI-FI: TECHNOLOGIES, APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES Sumant Ku Mohapatra, Ramya Ranjan Choudhury, Pravanjan Das Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Trident Academy of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India ABSTRACT New research directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future WiFi networks. However, with an explosion of wireless mobile applications and services, there are still some challenges on the spectrum crisis and high energy consumption. Wireless system designers have been facing the continuously increasing demand for high data rates and spectrum sharing required by new wireless applications and therefore have started research on future WiFi wireless technologies that are expected to be deployed beyond 2020. In this article we propose WiFi key technologies and there prospective: WiFi CERTIFIEDTM ac and Wi Fi CERTIFIED passpointTM . Also represent super WiFi such as WiGig solution, White Fi, HetNets and Cognitive Fi. Future applications and services facing these potential technologies are also discussed. KEYWORDS WiFi, Super WiFi, HetNets, IEEE standards, Cognitive WiFi,WiGig 1. INTRODUCTION WiFi is surrounding us. What technologies will define future WiFi ? Will key technologies related to WiFi creates road map towards its future or emerging super WiFi technologies extends? This paper focuses on new development alternatives...

Words: 3275 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Marketing Essay

...(AE)-the liaison between an advertising agency and its clients; the nature of the account executive's job requires excellent persuasion, negotiation, and judgment skills in order to both successfully alleviate client discomfort and sell highly effective, groundbreaking ideas account team -A group of people comprising many different facets of the advertising industry (direct marketing, public relations, graphics design, etc.) who work together under the guidance of a team leader to both interface with other members of the account team and team members of their own respective specialities creative brief -a document that outlines and channels an essential creative idea and objective cognitive style- the unique preference of each person for thinking about and solving a problem. Cognitive style pioneer Carl Jung proposed three different dimensions in which thinking differs: sensing versus intuiting, thinking versus feeling, and extraverted versus introverted creative abrasion- the clash of ideas, abstracted from the people who proposed them, from which new ideas and breakthroughs can evolve interpersonal abrasion- the clash of people, often resulting from an inability to regard idea feedback as separate from personal feedback, from which communication shuts down and new ideas get slaughtered unique selling proposition- A promise contained in an advertisement in which the advertised brand offers a specific, unique, and relevant benefit to the consumer comparison...

Words: 2580 - Pages: 11

Free Essay

Teyota Presentation

...Abstract TITLE:R&D for Network Establishment Utilizing Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications. Speaker: TOYOTA InfoTechnology Center Co., Ltd., NICT ■INTRODUCTION To achieve flexible and high frequency utilization, and to improve communication in case of a disaster, we designed a cognitive vehicle-to-vehicle communication network with protection of primary spectrum users. This research is completed jointly by the Toyota InfoTechnology Center, the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and the University of Electro-Communications. ■ IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS A. Dynamic frequency management We designed the database that contains spectrum occupancy. Based on the predicted moving range, the secondary mobile clients read from the database which frequencies are not used by the primary users. In addition to populating the database by a less accurate empirical propagation model, we developed the sensing subsystem with software defined radios, which improves accuracy through the primary signal measurements. B. The mobile base station and the communication terminal We developed the mobile base station and the mobile terminal based on the LTE standard, which can be mounted on a car. These units use the above mentioned database system to find available frequencies. While moving, these units can communicate over the white space in the TV broadcasting band (470 - 710 MHz) without interference to the primary users. C. Vehicle-to-vehicle communications by means of secondary...

Words: 321 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Icttm

...------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ International Conference on Telecommunication Technology and Management (ICTTM 2015) April 11-12, 2015 ORGANIZED BY Bharti School of Telecommunication Technology and Management Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ACADEMIC PARTNERS Telecom Ecole de Management, France GSM Association (GSMA) PUBLICATION PARTNER SPONSORS 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONFERENCE SCHEDULE Day 1 (11th April, 2015) Registration (9:00 A.M. - 10:00 A.M.) Venue: Seminar Hall, IIT Delhi Inaugural Session (10:00 A.M. - 11:00 A.M.) Venue: Seminar Hall, IIT Delhi Networking High Tea (11:00 A.M.. - 11:30 A.M.) Panel Discussion (11:30 A.M. - 1:00 P.M.) Venue: Seminar Hall, IIT Delhi Lunch (1:00 P.M.- 2:00 P.M.) Venue: Cricket Ground, IIT Delhi Track 1 Venue: Room No 101, Ground Floor, Bharti School, IIT Delhi Session Coordinator: Ms. Shiksha Kushwah Session 1 Session 2 (2:00P.M. to 3:30 P.M.) (4:00P.M. to 6:00 P.M.) Session Chair(s) Session Chair(s) Prof. Sushil Prof. S. S. Yadav Prof. Kirankumar S. Momaya Dr. Sujata Joshi Track 2 Venue: Room No 106, Ground Floor, Bharti School, IIT Delhi Session Coordinator: Ms. Rojalin Pradhan ...

Words: 6478 - Pages: 26

Premium Essay

Ptsd

...facing a problem on their own homeland. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (also known as PTSD) is something that happens to our soldiers after experiencing a traumatic event such as combat. We should be providing our soldiers with every possible treatment and option out there if it will help them. Currently it is reported that about 1 in 8 soldiers returning from war have PTSD. There are no real cures for this disorder, only some methods that may help dissolve the symptoms and hopefully over time, overcome it. The people of the United States should be doing more to help our soldiers. They are risking their lives for us overseas only to return home to receive no help for the pain they might be in. Right now, the only real treatment for PTSD is cognitive therapy. You go in, talk about what happened, and then you leave. How is that helping a serious issue? Our soldiers deserve the best treatment possible and should have access to treatments outside therapy. It was 1980 before Post-traumatic Stress Disorder was clinically recognized. That is when the American Psychiatric Association added PTSD to its third edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. When PTSD was first introduced as a diagnosis there was much controversy surrounding it because the originating agent was “outside the body” and not a personal weakness. According to them, PTSD filled a very large gap in disorders because it falls under a category that the person has no control over. As the APA noted...

Words: 2574 - Pages: 11