...him to become their new king. Most areas of Colombia had declared independence, but the Spanish reconquered the country in 1815 through 1816. At the battle of Boyacá, Simon Bolivar had become victorious against the Spanish (Lambert). In 1830, the Gran Colombia collapsed. The result of this collapse was that Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador appeared. The insurgent groups and government of Colombia were in a dilemma, which ascended in the 1990s. The insurgent groups did not have enough power to overthrow the government, but they continued their violence toward civilians. A considerable amount of land belongs to the guerillas, and they are trying to defend the land against...
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...Institutional, and Cultural Context of Colombia Michael N. Yuede Missouri State University Abstract This paper studies the Colombian culture and how it affects business relations. First, the Colombian country is explored, examining the geographical location and environment, demographics, economy, religion, and the historical, legal and ethical, and social context. Geert Hofstede’s, Fons Trompenaars’, and GLOBE’s models of national culture infer ways to behave in any given culture, and in this case, Colombia. Differences can be seen between the United States’ and Colombia’s culture after exploring the models, suggesting ways to adapt to the new culture and act appropriately in a business environment. After studying the models, the cultural descriptions and aspects, including Colombia’s collectivistic and high power distance nature, give future managers and expatriates the implications necessary to become legitimized in the eyes of other businesses and the government. Additionally, the implications help predict employee behaviors and motivators, as well as human resource management policies that should be implemented into the business. However, in order to fully understand the Colombian culture, an individual must live in that country for a period of time to experience the culture first hand. Environmental, Institutional, and Cultural Context of Colombia In order to better understand how to interact in a business environment in Colombia, it is important to know about the...
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...COLOMBIA COUNTRY ORIENTATION : Location : Colombia, which capital is Bogota, is located in the northwest of South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama, to the east by Venezuela and Brazil, to the south by Ecuador and Peru. It is also bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea. "Colombia." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia>. Size : 1,138,910 km2. It is 1/9 size of the USA, which is the size of Texas and California combined. It makes Colombia #26 in the world and #4 in South America. "Colombia." - Country Profile. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.indexmundi.com/colombia/>. Government structure and Leadership : Colombia is a presidential representative democratic republic established with the Constitution of 1991. It is an unitary State, decentralized where multi-party system is allowed. Thus, it is a Republic with separation of powers between : The executive branch : a President, Juan Manuel Santos since 2010, also Head of government, and a Council of Ministers. The President is elected by popular vote for a four-year terms, and then choose the members of the Council of Ministers. The legislative branch : the Congress is bicameral, between the Chamber of Representatives (166 seats) and the Senate (102 seats). The Congress is elected by popular vote too, for a four-year terms. The judicial branch refers to The Supreme Court, which is represented by 23 judges divided into three Chambers...
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...Colombia is a country located in the northern part of South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama (The World Factbook). Colombia’s area is 1.14 million sq. km. (440,000 sq. mi.) and is about the size of California and Texas combined. Colombia is the fourth-largest country in South America. Colombia’s terrain is flat in the coastal areas, with extensive coastlines on the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and it has three rugged parallel mountain chains, central highlands, and flat eastern grasslands. The climate tends to be tropical on the coast and eastern grasslands and cooler in the highlands (U.S. Department of State). Colombia’s natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, and hydropower. Its natural hazards are that the highlands are subject to volcanic eruptions, occasional earthquakes, and periodic droughts. The volcano named Galeras is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing major evacuations, it has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations. Volcano Nevado del Ruiz located west of Bogota, erupted in 1985 producing lahars that killed 23,000 people, the volcano last erupted in 1991. And the volcano called Nevado del Huila, after...
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...Juan Hernandez Prof: Anna Krift Global Crisis in Response Feb 16 2014 Colombia´s conflict For many years Colombia has been characterized as a country of drugs and violence marked by internal conflict that lasts until today. This conflict has claimed the lives of about 2 million people, which the population of Colombia today is 47 million, within that internal war has killed 4,2% of the current population (NoticiasCaracol,1). It is a very high percentage with regards an internal war of 60 years. That's why Colombia has suffered from armed conflict for several years and it has negatively impacted the country's development. To understand the issue it is necessary to see the origins of this conflict and also how this has affected the country. The conflict dates back to 1946 when it began a civil and political conflict between supporters of the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party for taking control of the State Power. But the outbreak was the assassination of the Liberal presidential candidate Jorge Eliecer Gaitán. Gaitán was the leader of poor agricultural producers and represented the interests, created jobs and economic opportunities for them to take advantage (Downing,1). But since the death of Gaitán, farmers lose their representation in politics and its future had been vanished. Because of the economic problems and tensions between liberals and conservatives, Colombia entered a period called "La Violencia " (The Violence) which lasted from 1948 to 1960 until they...
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...MODELS OF MEDIA STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE AND THE MEDIA IN COLOMBIA Communication institutions April 25. 2012 Adele Alandete 327164547 Mr. Eran Naot Sammy Offer School of communication, The IDC, Herzelia This paper aims to present, the way the different theories of media structure and performance, can be applied to the media in Colombia. In this specific case the development media model and to a lower extent the social responsibility theory will be studied. Colombia has a free market economy with major commercial, and investment ties to the United States, the European Union, Venezuela and China. Colombia's wealth comes from a number of sources. It is rich in natural resources and agriculture. Colombia has the fourth largest economy in Latin America, but income and wealth are unevenly distributed. Only 13.8% of total income is allocated to the poorest half of the population, while the wealthiest 10% of the population benefit from 46.5%. Media holders are off course in this 10% percent of the population, and because of their economical power they strongly influence politics in the country. Colombia has two main political parties; liberal and conservative, almost entirely controlled by these few families. Each political party makes sure to reinforce themselves through the media outlets they own. Political end economical elites however make great efforts promote social...
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...Starbucks goes to Colombia Starbucks the biggest coffee shop in the United States decided to expand their business to Colombia. Starbucks goal is to open around 50 stores by 2019. This is bringing a lot of positive and negative feedback to the Company Starbucks and to the country Colombia. This is happening because Starbucks will be competing with the biggest company shop of coffee in Colombia. According to the article Starbucks to Invade Colombia, Home of Juan Valdez, the Iconic Coffee Man by John Otis, says “Starbucks’ decision comes at a low point for Colombia’s coffee industry. Growers are struggling to recover from massive flooding, diseased trees, diminished yields, cratering international prices and an overvalued Colombian peso that reduces the value of coffee exports.” So this might help the country economies. At the same time the competition might also have a high risk of failure to take their market to the biggest country of coffee because Colombians are not so happy with the decision of taking an American coffee to their country while they already have a great one. Also according to the article As Starbucks heads to Colombia, growers have grounds for regret says that 18,000 coffee farmers, declined the offer of Starbucks which according to the University in Miami might be a big mistake to the Colombia coffee farmers. The article also mentions the comments from the CEO of Juan Valdez, he says that he welcomes the company Starbucks to the country, he mentions that this...
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...Cultural Research Paper- Bogota, Colombia In order to defy of the Spanish rule, the people of Bogota formed a council of representatives in the first steps toward independence on July 20, 1810. Only 3 years later, they proclaimed complete independence. After forming the Republic of Greater Columbia in 1819, they elected Simon Bolivar as the first president. Alongside Bolivar, as vice president, Francisco Paulo de Santander provided the Colombians with an opposing party, the “Liberals.” Bolivar and Santander serve as representatives for the two political parties that make up Colombia today, the Conservatives and Liberals. Bolivar’s followers believed in a centralized government with many ties to the Roman Catholic Church. The Vice President, in opposition, served the Liberals who believed in a decentralized government without church ties to civil and educational matters. No party has dominated the Columbian rule for a significant time period to this day. We see something very similar to two parties alternating leadership here in the United States with the Democrats and Republicans. The city of Bogota is known to have an older, high-class ambiance spread throughout the city. In fact, Bogota has grown very slowly culturally as a city since the historic value of homes, buildings, and other churches is very important to the people living there. However, Bogota is one of the fastest growing cities in South America in a continuous expansion with growing suburbs. Historically, the...
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...Thanks Alberto, very interesting article and analysis. As in the article there is an interview of the formal financial minister of Colombia, I think it would be interesting to compliment it with my point of view of the Colombian situation. As you mentioned, Colombia has being relying its growth in commodities with no added value as oil, carbon, chemicals and gold; but with the internal war, the situation is a little bit more complicated. On the first hand, Colombia´s agricultural exploitation didn’t started too long ago as the level of war didn’t allow it. This means that the level of production is still far from its real potential, not only because productivity is very low, but also because the level of empty/nonproductive land is extremely high. As a result, even if we are talking about commodities, Colombia should keep on developing agriculture but in a more productive way. In this regard, three actions must be carrying on: * Very high investment in infrastructure: this is one of the biggest problems that faces the country, affecting both agriculture and industry. At the present there is barely river navigation, there are no train railways and highways are embarrassing. * Technology: Production in Colombia is very rustic and as a result, productivity is very low. Investing and promoting responsible agro industrial projects will allow the country to take profit of its amazing natural resources. * Empty land distribution: As a consequence of the war, nowadays...
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...Relations November 30, 2013 Colombia and its government Colombia is a small country located in South America. This country has suffered with different problems related to education, economy, a civil war and drug trafficking for many years. It is better now than it has been in the past but the problems are still there. The government of a country is its nucleus, the only way in order to achieve stability. If the country has a good government that knows how to manage it they would reach the “well-being” of its people. A good government in Colombia is the only thing that can make their problems disappear. The government had enhanced a lot over the years but they still need to improve very much. Education should be looked as one of the most important things in everyone’s eyes. The kids are the future of the country. They can be presidents, part of the government, doctors, lawyers, etc. In their hands is the future and that’s why they need to know what they are doing. Beginning with the fact that Colombia has a democratic government, it means that the civilians get to choose their president. The person that would represent them and would make important choices for the country. In order to make a great vote education is completely necessary. The people that are not educated vote because the things that they gave them when they were on campaign or because they think that one candidate is handsome than the other. Jalil 2 The public education in Colombia was really bad. The teachers...
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...Within the negotiations for a canal in Colombia, Colombia starts to back out of negotiations. John Hay, Secretary of State makes a passive aggressive threat. The Colombians have pushed for the canal and the American government had started to make offers for the land and was willing to construct the canal, but then the Colombians are backing out. Hay sees that as a large mistake, the government was focused on the canal and will construct it even if they have to defy Colombia. Hay then claims that if they denied the treaty allowing the construction of the canal, the relationship of Columbia and all their allies would no longer be so good with the Americans. This canal will expand trade for Americans, so this canal is very important to them and...
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...The military of several Latin American countries, the Colombian forces played a subordinate role during the first few decades of the nineteenth century. A strong antimilitarist tradition emerged in the postindependence period among the nation’s civilian leaders, who wanted to prevent the military from becoming an autonomous power. Colombia’s current armed forces had their origins in the militia organized in 1811 by a rebellious league called the United Provinces of New Granada. The force — composed of poor, uneducated, campesino volunteers — was divided into infantry and cavalry units trained by a senior officer corps. The constitutional charter of 1811 assigned the power to raise and organize the army to the nascent Congress, which proved...
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...Colombia Colombia is a fairly large country located in South America. It is bordered by Panama, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and by two bodies of water. These bodies of water consist of the Caribbean and Pacific Ocean. This is the only country in South America that borders both oceans. According to Colombian Geography, Colombia has “a continental area of 1.141.748 km2 (440 829 square miles).” This makes it the fourth largest country in South America. Also, Colombia is one of the 13 countries in the world that the equator passes through (Colombian Geography). Colombia is made up of many cities but the capital is the largest city, Bogota. Bogota is one of the most populous cities along with Cali, Medellin, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cucuta,...
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...The landmine problem exists in Colombia for more than twenty years ago, but in the last four years, instead of decreasing, it has increased disproportionately. In fact, Colombia is the only country in Latin America and one of the few in the world where more and more mines appears every day. Thus, in the period between 1998 and 2004, there were more than 1,829 accidents, which mean an increase of 568% in the number of accidents per year. In the last ten years 2,185 accidents recorded, as a result which left 5,051 victims. Where 38% were soldiers, 62% were civilians. The ELN exceeded by more than 20% to the FARC in laying mines, although the size of the ELN was three to four times less than the FARC. This means that the ELN planted mines four times more weapons per combatant in the FARC until this...
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...Introduction Colombia is a country with a vast history that is most associated with drugs and violence. This started with the influx of drug trafficking in the 1970s. This has allowed drug cartels and guerilla militias to flourish since then to the present time. In the sections below, I will show how current events and threats have occurred and will conclude with my short and long term assessment of what the state of Colombia will be in the future. Current Events Even though President Juan Manuel Santos, the President of Colombia, has been undergoing peace talks with the FARC in Cuba, there has still been ongoing attacks by the FARC that continue to make negotiations difficult. This was the fourth attempt at peace talks between the FARC and...
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