...Segregation: An Issue of the Past? (FINAL) As early as the 1600’s, Europeans settlers in North America have enslaved and oppressed African Americans. Slavery continued until the Emancipation Proclamation was established towards the end of the Civil War. The Emancipation Proclamation stated that those who were once slaves were to be set free; however much more than a document would be needed to diminish the ideas and attitudes white people continued to hold onto. Into the 1960’s, one hundred years after the Emancipation Proclaimed was written, African Americans were still suffering from inequality and discrimination. The need to end racial segregation and discrimination sparked the build up to The Civil Rights Movement. Like society, literary trends started to focus on racism and prejudice. In particular, the principled southern-bred writer Langston Hughes shows social injustices and racial prejudice in his writings because he experienced the culture first hand. His poems became the voice for African American’s because he clearly depicts the emotions they felt during this time. Literature as a whole grasped the public’s attention towards The Civil Rights Movement to show the importance of social equality. Langston Hughes’ poems “Merry-Go-Round” and “Dreams” express how necessary it is to put segregation in the past, and encourage African Americans to stay hopeful in order to reach their dream of living in a racially equal America. The Civil Rights Movement was victorious because...
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...political force. In the wake of Hurricane Katrina’s onslaught, blacks were found in all aspects of city government, including the offices of mayor, city council (3 of 7 members), police chief, district attorney, judiciary, and other areas of city government. This leadership was complemented by national political figures such as Representative William Jefferson. The 67percent black population made such political gains a reality. (Black Leadership In The Twenty-First Century, Cunnigen, pg.25) 2. Also, what I learned that was based on this article was that the idea of black leaders, particularly “a” black leader, has been a part of the black American social discourse throughout American history. In 1903, W.E.B. DuBois wrote an interesting commentary regarding black leadership. He suggested that the black community would be saved by its exceptional men and women. He believed the best of the race would guide the masses. This view of the exceptional leaders within the community was a part of his “Talented Tenth” approach to black leadership. Although DuBois’ notion of the enlightened intellectual was a...
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...The Big Question How did Americans challenge the rigid social expectations that characterized the early Cold War period? What was the relationship between domestic changes of the 1960s and the US's changing foreign policy? Section 1: Short Answer (30 points) Write multi-sentence responses for the prompts below. Be specific and give examples from the history we have learned. A. Read the statement below and then analyze what it is saying about being a young person in the United States in the 1960’s. Use these questions to help you write a commentary of 3-5 sentences: (10 points) * What events and changes in American society does the writer refer to? * How is this document an example of the ‘youth culture’ at the time? "When we were kids the United States was the wealthiest and strongest country in the world; the only one with the atom bomb. . . . As we grew, however, our comfort was penetrated [filled] by events too troubling to dismiss [forget about]. . . . The Southern struggle against racial bigotry [racism], compelled [took] most of us from silence to activism. Second . . . the Cold War, symbolized by the presence of the Bomb, brought awareness that we ourselves, and our friends, and millions of abstract "others" . . . might die at any time." —Port Huron Statement, Students for a Democratic Society The writer is referring to how America changed as he grew up. He grew up during a time when America was the wealthiest nation, but there was racism in the south...
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...understand the Civil Rights Movement. Applying emotion to his letter leads his audience to sympathize with the cause and realize the issue surpasses race. The movement represents a Christian’s responsibility to pursuing justice. In an attempt to give insight into daily discrimination that they would never personally experience, he describes the penetrating hate that drives him to seek justice. King announces, “perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, ‘Wait.’ But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters [...] then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait [for justice]” (King 2). This passage in “Letter from Birmingham jail” connects King’s critics to the cause by asking them how they would respond if the injustice came against their own family. Moreover, King’s commentary pushes the white church to recognize their role in the body of Christ and respond by pursuing justice for the member of their hurting family. Through this emotional appeal, King urges the church to operate as one family (Matthew...
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...outlined by Baldwin represents the American ideology before the Second World War. As the first settlers of this nation, the Puritans set the mold for many common American ideologies. In the Puritan view white represented good and black represented evil, including Africans and their culture. After the war, Baldwin states that the former puritanical views of whites will be challenged. Musicians such as Elvis Presley were the first to issue this challenge to white society. Early rockers like Elvis would pave the way for social commentary in music that would add much fire to the Civil Rights Movement. To fully understand the explosion of popularity of Black music in the years following World War II, one must understand the social conditions in which Blacks and Whites lived in the South. An article entitled “Not Just the Same Old Show on my Radio” delves into the very issues behind racism. The article names three aspects necessary for social segregation to exist a stigmatism of the oppressed group; signs of “labeled interaction” between groups, and a hierarchy of discrimination. (Kloosterman, Quispel...
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...Analyze and evaluate each case independently by providing the following (about two paragraphs per case): In 1948, Andrea Perez, a Mexican-American woman, and Sylvester Davis, an African-American man,filed a lawsuit against the Los Angeles County Clerk W.G. Sharp (Perez vs. Sharp, October 1, 1948).Earlier, they had sought a marriage license from the Los Angeles County Clerk’s Office but were denied such because Perez was racially classified as white and Davis as negro. “In this proceeding in mandamus, petitioners seek to compel the County Clerk of Los Angeles County to issue them a certificate of registry (Civ. Code, § 69a) and a license to marry. (Civ. Code, § 69.) In the application for a license, petitioner Andrea Perez states that she is a white person and petitioner Sylvester Davis that he is a Negro. Respondent refuses to issue the certificate and license, invoking Civil Code, section 69, which provides: ". . . no license may be issued authorizing the marriage of a white person with a Negro, mulatto, Mongolian or member of the Malay race." At the time, under California state law, no marriage license could be issued between a "white" person and a "negro" person. Petitioners contend that the statutes in question are unconstitutional on the grounds that they prohibit the free exercise of their religion and deny to them the right to participate fully in the sacraments of that religion. They are members of the Roman Catholic Church. They maintain that since the church has...
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...teenagers being sexually active. There was a taboo that has not disappeared regarding sexual activity between African American men and white women. Here we're talking about white adolescents. So in many ways what was happening here was that the girls not only were challenging community norms by being sexually active, but were challenging those even further by engaging, at least part of the time, in sexual activity with African American males. Personally, I don’t believe there was any discrimination that took place anywhere in the documentary amongst the teenagers. Normally in middle and high schools there is some sort of segregation such as, athletes and cheerleaders, band members, honor students, and gothic kids. Because there was no segregation it made it much easier for the outbreak of syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases to spread like wildfire. Segregation wasn’t the problem in this town though; it was the lack of knowledge about safe sex and the repercussions of not practicing it. As far as the juvenile delinquency I don’t see the sex and sexually transmitted diseases as a delinquency problem, but the actions that were taken place before and after their sexual encounters is a different story. The consumption of illegal narcotics and underage drinking was indeed a very big delinquency issue. I know in a lot of cities in the United States they do not allow...
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...Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of education case took place in 1954. It is one of the most important cases in the American history of racial prejudice. The U.S. Supreme Court recognized separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional. This decision became an important event of struggle against racial segregation in the United States. The Brown case proved that there is no way a separation on the base of race to be in a democratic society. Brown v. Board of education is not a case just about education and children, it is a case of everybody being equal. Brown v. Board of Education was a beginning for American people to understand that separate but equal is not the same. The Brown case revealed this. It was the reason why blacks and whites do not have separate accomodations any more. Separate and equal does not exist any more, Brown v. Board of eduacation made everyone equal. The first case in which African American challenged the doctrine of separate but equal in the United States public education system was in Boston Massachusetts in 1849. Prior to Brown v. Board (1954), from 1881 to 1949 there were eleven cases initiated to try an integrate schools in Kansas. The schools that the African American children attended were not equal to their white counterparts. Most of the time the African American students had to travel farther than white students to get to their schools. The schools for African Americans were run down with-of-date...
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...Does Racism Really Exist (name) University of Phoenix Abstract In this paper, I will analyze what forms of racism that I have experienced within my life. Whether going to school, work, family events, or community events I seem to see racism where ever I go. At some point I needed to ask myself, “why are people racist and what makes us this way”? When I have noticed racist comments and actions from my community leaders as well as from my own family this causes me to get depressed about what’s to come in this country. Are we born racist or is it the people around us that influences the way we think about racism? Does Racism Really Exist I am a Caucasian male and grew up in the City of Woodhaven, MI. Within this small city there is a population of roughly 40,000 people and of that count, there are only about 2,000 that would be considered a minority. As you can imagine, most of the people that lived there looked like me and had much the same religion and moral standings. As I grew up, I attended three different schools and the first of which was Yake Elementary School. There must have only been a select few minority children attending that school as I had never remembered encountering children different from myself until I went to Brownstown Middle School. There, I noticed a small group of African American children that were in the same grade as me along with some Asian America and Hispanic American children...
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...Sports Personality 1960 The Penn Relays 1961 New York Athlete Club Track Meet. The Millrose Games There were other honors as well. In 1963 she was selected to represent the U.S. State Department as a Goodwill Ambassador at the Games of Friendship in Dakar, Senegal. Later, that year she was invited by Doctor Billy Graham to join the Baptist Christian Athletes in Japan. She had the first party recorded in Clarksville history where blacks and whites gathered for the same event. She also went on to protest about segregation until the laws where brought down. After retiring from her track carrier she went back to Clarksville and taught at her old school Cobb Elementary, and was the track coach at her alma matter, Burt High School. She replaced her old coach Clinton Gray who tragically, died in an auto accident. After that she moved on to coaching positions first Maine, than Indiana. She was a gust speaker at dozons of schools and universities. She then became a sports commentary on national television and the co-host of a radio show. In 1967 Vice President Hubert Humfrey invited Wilma to participate in 'Operation Champ" an athlete outreach program for underprivileged youth in the ghettoes of 16 major cities. She started her own non-profit organization, called The Wilma Rudolph Foundation, to continue this kind of work. The foundation provided coaching for many sports, and accademic assistance and support as well. In 1977 she wrote her autobiography, simply titled "Wilma" It was made...
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...DuBois made it his life work to emancipate African-Americans from slavery and the lingering effects of double-consciousness. DuBois believed that the problem with 20th century society was the ongoing propensity to single out the minority, citing the major issue as the distinction of “the color-line"(Morse, 2018), creating segregation among members of society simply because of the color of skin, resulted in what DuBois believed to be a greater social problem. Despite the negative tone racism sets, there are positive aspects to the community that cause members of the community to flourish. It is of no surprise that DuBois disagreed with Booker T. Washington on the principal that providing basic industrial education is the key to equality (Morse, 2018). By providing equal and relevant educational opportunities to all races, the employable pool of community members becomes larger, while lowering unemployment and unnecessary crime rates. This also puts an end to the need to beg, barter and steal. DuBois’ plan not only creates equality, but also helps in the process...
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...Introduction to Africana Studies | The Life Span of Jim Crow, Start to Finish | Sherman T. Gant | S.Gant 12/3/2009 | It’s hard to define a beginning to slavery in the United States. It is said to have begun in the mid 1600’s. The American Civil War began in 1961 when 11 states seceded from the United States. The North or the Union fought against the constitutionality of the secession and the expansion of slavery. Slavery came to an end when the North won the civil war, along with the passing of the 13 amendment. Although slavery was abolished in 1865, it did not give African Americans equal opportunity for education, employment, or basic human rights. Whites in the South during the late 1870s and early 1880s, established Jim Crow laws. Merriam-Webster’s dictionary defines Jim Crow as the ethnic discrimination especially against blacks by legal enforcement or traditional sanctions. This act, along with racist terrorism and mistreatment downgraded African Americans to a humiliating second class status for decades; until the U.S. Supreme Court started to dismantle Jim Crow laws in the 1950s. This paper will examine the force and the legacy of Jim Crow laws, from the start and finish, and the ongoing effect in today’s world. What was Jim Crow? Following the civil war, Congress passed three amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The thirteenth ended slavery December 18th 1865, the fourteenth banned discrimination July 28, 1868 and the fifteenth gave African-American...
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...The term of “fraud triangle” was developed by Dr. Donald Cressey, a criminologist who studied embezzlers. The three basic elements of fraud triangle include perceived pressure, perceived opportunity, and the ability to rationalize. It explains the nature of many fraud offenders and also become a tool to assess the risk of fraud. It is important to companies to incorporate the fraud triangle theory in order to reduce the risk of fraud within their organization. From my standpoint, companies should incorporate the fraud triangle from the following aspects. First, companies should perform background investigation in order to uncover the perceived pressure. The factors that create pressure include personal financial pressure (high levels of debts and poor credit rating), addictions such as drugs, gambling, and lifestyle issues such as living beyond one's means. According to Bliss (2012), “auditors and fraud examiners generally consider pressure and rationalization to be internal qualities that can't be seen or assessed. Resources are focused on opportunity, which can be reduced with internal controls.” As a consequence, companies should focus more on risk prevention. They can uncover some undesirable personal traits in advance, when they are making hiring decision. If the management understands the motivation of an offender, several background checks could be useful in preventing fraud. For instance, “the civil records search can find information on any non-criminal litigation....
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...How can a writer provide his or her readers with personal insights about highly debatable themes, such as social and racial segregation impact in the fragile educational system in these United Sates–with a dash of political innuendos, as some might argue–without being deliberately facetious? Ruben Navarrette Jr., a proud Mexican America and Harvard graduate certainly aims and hit the nerve of old societal conceptions considered by him to be unfairly outdated, as he candidly elaborates a persuasive narrative in “Well, I Guess They Need Their Minority” (Maasik, Solomon 211). Navarrette sails through his writing, exposing a mix of personal frustrations and psychological torture from his early years. The article’s vivid description of a kid whose hard work and dedication to excel as a high school student ‘shooting for the starts’ and being accepted by the country’s most prestigious universities should be nothing but an inspiring tool to all young minds out there. Instead, the piece brings a harsh and dry reality picture of a world unknown to most teens; the real and spiteful world where the grown-ups live in: a place doused with prejudice, shallow in values, and worst of all, a place where skin or hair color not only imply but dictates social status and where the human rights solely sound good on the paper. Yet, while presenting his views on the hurtful reactions he encountered upon receiving good news from prestigious colleges that he’d met the standards to get in, Navarrette delves...
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...Science vs. Humanities They say old habits die hard. Society is full of prejudice wherever anyone looks, and many have to struggle constantly to fit in. There are plenty of things that may be signaled out from society for giving space to criticism and segregation. One of these conceptions regards the arts and humanities. People struggle with different kinds of prejudice every day, and one of the most widespread preconceptions is that people who study science are smarter or more "intelligent" than people who go for the arts. In general, it is essential to know about history and literature, since it is a very important part of what humankind is now. History talks about the evolution of men and even contributes to an important part of economics or international relationships. It is essential to know about the allies of a country and the relationships with other countries when it comes to commerce. Literature gives an insight to the complete thoughts of a culture, a greater understanding of diversity in mankind and the collective thoughts of it. It is quite ironic the situation held now a days, since in the highest "classes" it is expected, if not an obligation, to be well educated in the arts and culture in general. Ironically, many of these people are the CEO's of big companies, which work with mathematics, statistics and calculus, and whose carreer was based on science. Of course, we may not generalize, but it is taken as a fact that it is harder in the field of humanities...
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