...COMMUNICATION THEORIES INDIVIDUAL REACTION PAPER COMMUNICATION THEORIES INDIVIDUAL REACTION PAPER Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Communication Theories 3 2. Three different experiences 4 2.1. Telling a friend about the death of her Pet 4 2.2. Making a call while on train 4 2.3. Warning friends about bad weather 4 3. Relating the communication experiences to theory 5 3.1. Telling a friend about the death of her Pet and the Lasswell’s communication model 5 3.2. Making a call while on train and the shanon and weaver model of communication 5 3.3. Warning friends about bad weather and the shanon and weaver model of communication 6 4. Relevance of communication process 6 5. Factors affecting communication process 7 6. Conclusion 8 7. References 9 1. Introduction Many definitions describe communication as a transfer of information, thoughts or ideas to create shared understanding between a sender and a receiver. The information may be written or spoken, professional or social, personal or impersonal to name a few possibilities. Basically, the communication process involves a sender, receiver, message, channel and feedback. However, this simplistic description significantly under-represents what can actually be a very complex process. The goal of communication between a sender and a receiver is understanding of the message being sent. Anything that interferes with this can be referred to as communication barriers that include...
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...Models of the Communication Process Abstract We teach the same models of communication today that we taught forty years ago. This can and should be regarded as a mark of the enduring value of these models in highlighting key elements of that process for students who are taking the process apart for the first time. It remains, however, that the field of communication has evolved considerably since the 1960's, and it may be appropriate to update our models to account for that evolution. This paper presents the classic communication models that are taught in introducing students to interpersonal communication and mass communication, including Shannon's information theory model (the active model), a cybernetic model that includes feedback (the interactive model, an intermediary model (sometimes referred to as a gatekeeper model of the two-step flow), and the transactive model. It then introduces a new ecological model of communication that, it is hoped, more closely maps to the the range of materials we teach and research in the field of communication today. This model attempts to capture the fundamental interaction of language, medium, and message that enables communication, the socially constructed aspects of each element, and the relationship of creators and consumers of messages both to these elements and each other. Introduction While the field of communication has changed considerably over the last thirty years, the models used in the introductory chapters of communication...
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...THEORY PERSPECTIVE Alexander C. Tevi, M.Sc. Faculty (Marketing Communications) School of Media and Communication Pan-African University 3, Ahmed Onibudo St. Victoria Island Lagos Nigeria 00234 802 300 2328 alextevi@yahoo.com Olutayo Otubanjo, PhD Senior Lecturer (Marketing) Lagos Business School Pan-African University Km 22 Lekki Epe Expressway Ajah, Lagos, Nigeria. 00234 808 608 6816 totubanjo@lbs.edu.ng Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2197664 Abstract Purpose: This paper seeks to create an epistemologically grounded understanding of the causes and process of corporate rebranding via the lens of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Approach: A review of the factors that trigger corporate rebranding, as reported in academic literature, is made. Following the review, a case is made for the absence of an epistemologically grounded understanding of why firms rebrand. Consequently, the theory of evolution by natural selection is brought forward as a platform for the development of a new model that explicates the causes and process of corporate rebranding. Findings: A new model anchored on the theory of evolution by natural selection, and a new definition of corporate rebranding is advanced. Essentially, the model offers epistemologically grounded reasons for ascendancy of corporate rebranding in the environment. Limitations: This is a conceptual paper – meaning that the model suggested in this study is yet to be subjected to a serious empirical...
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...Theory A, these actions will contribute to Felicia’s sense of belongingness by…” Notice how in the above example, the writing has eliminated first person pronouns by rephrasing. - Sources – Use APA to cite/reference and other sources. Use the skills learned in weeks 4 and 5. Go to your online library. Find academic scholarly peer reviewed articles to support and justify all opinions. Back-up opinions and observations with the experts. Paraphrase all. No quotes are allowed. HEADINGS AND TOPIC SENTENCES: To ensure full credit, do not include the boldface headings that appear in the outlines for your papers. Be sure, however, that you do outline as you plan your paper. Planning is a key to success. Also remember that all papers in your 571 class must be submitted to GROWS before submitting for grading. Manage your time accordingly. Papers that do not include APA formatted headings may be returned for correction. Late penalties may apply. Submission of Assignment and Evaluation Please submit this final as a Word attachment in the digital Dropbox by 11:59 on the indicated Sunday. - You will receive a grade and feedback within 72 hours from the due date and time. - Twenty percent (20%) of your grade is based on the quality of your writing and eighty percent (80%) is based on the quality of...
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...Persuasive Message Paper Glenn C. Chan University of Phoenix COMM 470 July 5, 2011 E-commerce or Electronic Commerce known from some has become a part of our everyday lives. As the growth of World Wide Web grew, more and more businesses have gone live on the web. This growth has provided consumers with many retail choices to make the lives easier for the online community. Although it makes things easier for online consumers, companies that have chosen to be an online retailer realize that it has been and will continue to grow competitively which makes it a hostile environment. Along with trying to obtain new customers or members, attempting to retain existing one’s have been the challenge. To do so, these retailers need to understand their customers or their target of choice and their process towards a purchase, to ensure they are structured to serve their customers to the highest level. The paper being presented is to identify three behaviors inherent in e tailing. In the paper I will discuss the communications medium where the discussed behavior occurs. In the discussion I will also explain how each medium enables e-commerce. This paper will show analysis of each behavior using the communication process, which will break it down with the purpose, sender, receiver, message, environment, noise, technology, and feedback. Finally a sample persuasive message aimed at a virtual audience will be developed and included in this paper. When a consumer begins...
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...Abstract This paper attempts to examine the group relationship of five Master’s level students who were randomly selected to work together on research paper that covered a topic that relates to organizational behavior. The five students are all part of an interactive learning program that provides distance learning in order to achieve a Master’s level degree. The course, Managing organizational Behavior, studies how organizations can effectively manage employees, and how organizations can achieve success by effectively implementing organizational practices that increase productivity and teamwork. The group examined in this paper chose to research the topic of Cultural Diversity in Organizations. The research included the history of cultural diversity, the implications, the benefits, and the organizational practices that lead to creating effective culturally diverse groups. The first major obstacle the group had to overcome was the distance that physically separated each member. In order to develop a plan and accomplish the end goal, the group had to develop a main source of communication in order to effectively communicate with each other. Having never met each other, the group was also challenged with learning about each other, and developing a plan that everyone could adjust to given everyone’s differences in schedules and access to communication tools. This paper will examine how the group overcame obstacles in group development, interactive communication, and group conflict...
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...perception 6- Communication 7- Groups and teams 8- Managing change 9- Decision making 1-Organization structure topics to you use * basic elements of organization structure : span of control , centralization , formalization , departmentalization , authority * Organization decision model : Mechanistic model and organic model * Types of organization : boundary less organization and virtual organization 2-organization culture topics to use * Three layers of organizational culture model : Artifacts, values and assumptions * Hofsted’s four value dimensions : power distance , uncertainty avoidance , individualism and masculinity * Culture’s function * Organizational culture 3- Leadership: * Characteristics of effective leadership * Types of leadership : autocratic, bureaucratic , democratic , transactional and transformational leaderships * Leadership theories : Blanchard’s situation theory and path goal theory * Leadership model : fielder’s contingency model 4- motivation: * Motivation process * Theories of motivation: Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s motivator hygiene theory , Vroom’s expected theory and Adams’s equity theory 5-perception: * The perceptual process: observation , selection and translation * Causes of perception : stereotyping , halo effects, similar to me errors , situational perception , needs and perception and attribution theory 6- Communication: * Communication...
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...Models of communication refers to the conceptual model used to explain the human communication process. The first major model for communication came in 1949 by Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories[1] Following the basic concept, communication is the process of sending and receiving messages or transferring information from one part (sender) to another (receiver).[2] ------------------------------------------------- Shannon and Weaver to[edit] The original model was designed to mirror the functioning of radio and telephone technologies. Their initial model consisted of three primary parts: sender, channel, and receiver. The sender was the part of a telephone a person spoke into, the channel was the telephone itself, and the receiver was the part of the phone where one could hear the other person. Shannon and Weaver also recognized that often there is static that interferes with one listening to a telephone conversation, which they deemed noise. The noise could also mean the absence of signal.[1] In a simple model, often referred to as the transmission model or standard view of communication, information or content (e.g. a message innatural language) is sent in some form (as spoken language) from an emisor/ sender/ encoder to a destination/ receiver/ decoder. This common conception of communication views communication as a means of sending and receiving information. The strengths of this model are simplicity, generality, and quantifiability. Social scientists...
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...The Client Paper Leonardo Ruiz BSHS/305 May 10, 2015 Professor Jacqueline Goode The Client Paper The range of problems that Human Services Clients face today are or can be mobility, nutrition, communication, daily living, mental health, substance abuse, safety and the lack of social skills. These problems can be address with the tree models that a human service professional can work in the medical model, the public health model and the human service model. Within this models are the skills required to address the problems of the human service client. With the medical model the human service professional can use the skills within that model to assists the clients with problems such as mobility and mental health. The reason being that within this model there would be a possibility to find the symptom, diagnosis, treatment, and cure for the client in need of such services. The human service professional that works with the public health model can acquire the skills to help or assists individual with nutrition, communication, and safety. The reason why is because within this model the skills that are provided by it are to improve public health, improve education, nutrition, safe food and water supplies, immunization, and maternal and child health. Which makes the skills very diverse and can adjust to any problem the individual or individuals in that area may have. The human service model provides the human service client with a human service professional with the skills...
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...Bookshop Paper Tamura Freeman HCS 587 September 3, 2012 Professor David Harrell Concord Bookshop Paper We live in a world where very little will always be the same. Change is constant and takes place all of the time. Change can also be viewed as good or bad individually or collectively. There are two important elements that should be considered when contemplating change: the vision and those affected. Many people do not care for change and when faced with it there can be opposition. Organizations go through changes based on the needs of the facility. The level of success for this change can be made easy or difficult depending on how it is implemented. The story of the Concord Bookshop and the organizational changes will be used for this paper. The Concord Bookshop, located in Massachusetts, is a historical site in its own right. It was started back in 1940 by Mrs. Raymond Baldwin and Mrs. Edward Warren. The idea was to have a nice place to go to read books. Around 2004 a change began that did not go over very well. Without the inclusion of those directly affected the board made the decision to hire a new general manager. After an employee requested meeting, the board stated in a nut shell that the concerns of the employees was appreciated but that it was moving forward without the input of the employees. Change was coming but was it done properly? In 1951 Kurt Lewin developed a three-stage model for organizational change: Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze. This model is considered...
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...Communication and Social Systems Analysis of Group Interactions Final Paper Social Analysis of Human Systems HUS 633 Section 28 Main Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to use outside sources to describe the group helping project as a system. An analysis of Littlejohn’s theory will be discussed. Gina Townsend Professor Frank Worts June 17, 2008 HUS 633 Section 28 This paper will give a detailed explanation of the group helping project as a communications system. The sections flowing will outline systems concepts that most affect the communication in a group. With the support of Peter Segue, Littlejohn, and a host of other authors this paper will also apply three Littlejohn concepts. The concepts that will be addressed in this paper are the message, the conversation, and the relationship. Below, is a description of the constructive action group and how it relates to being a communications system. 6 African American high school students both male and female from Millville, New Jersey participated in the program. Each student had communicated that they are sexually active and at risk of not completing sufficient academic credits to maintain graduation eligibility. The main purpose for facilitating...
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...Organizational life Work style View of change Learning. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings. BUS 606 Week 1 DQ 2 Globalization Globalization. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of globalization. How has globalization affected cultures and cultural identities? Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings. BUS 606 Week 1 Globalization and Cultures Globalization and Cultures. In a 3-5 page, APA style paper, complete an article review. Your article should come from one of the Ashford online library resources. Your article should cover one or more of the following topics that were introduced in your readings: the impact of globalization cultural differences leadership challenges in a global market the importance of cultural competence Support your analysis with what you have learned from the course text, in addition to peer-reviewed articles. BUS 606 Week 2 DQ 1 Cultural Orientation Model Cultural Orientation Model. Define cultural orientation model and describe how you would apply cultural orientation model in your daily life and in your workplace. Respond to at...
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...Implementation of Change Process: National Health Services Introduction It is a widely recognized fact that health care remains the topmost agenda for any national government around the world. In the same line the UK government is also extremely concerned about the welfare of their citizens. In this regards, the government provides almost free of cost health care services to the citizens of the state. National Health Service (NHS) is the name of the public health care body in the United Kingdom. A number of Health care services are provided at the NHS to people suffering from various illnesses. Generally these services are free of cost for the citizens of United Kingdom. The National Health Service in UK is quite efficient in providing healthcare facilities to residents of the nation. The health care services are the major concerns for any nation. It is not an easy task to meet the rising demands of the health care services in the UK. It has been observed that National Health Service has gone through some critical changes in last five years. In order to meet the rising demands in the health care services National Health Service went through a number of improvements in various health care programmes and projects (Parkin 2009). In this paper we will discuss about the change process in National Health Services in UK. Initially, the reasons that triggered the implementation of change process will be discussed. The types of changes happened in the organization will be...
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...business, but also maintain their existing customers. Electronic retailers must understand the customer behavior and understand the decision-making process a customer goes through prior to making a purchase. The main focus of this paper is to recognize three behaviors essential in e-retailing. I will discuss the communications medium in which each behavior occurs, as well as, explain how each medium enables e-commerce. I will examine each behavior using the communication process, to include the purpose, sender, receiver, message, environment, noise, technology, and feedback. E-Retailing Behaviors When a consumer starts their research for a product or service on the Internet, there are several aspects taken into account. Most consumers will be more inclined to brand names they trust to begin searching for a product, because they have established a sense of trust and loyalty with that name through experiences in other shopping techniques. The behavior of an e-retailing consumer model can be broken down into three areas, which are the product, the process, and the partnership. The idea of e-retailers is to get involved at every level to influence the buyer’s decision and gain trust and loyalty to ensure a repeat visit to their site. The product or service search is the first behavior in the consumer model. This is initially influenced by...
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...Journal of Management and Marketing Research Hospital management reform: a step to healthcare reform R. Peter Heine Stetson University E. Nick Maddox Stetson University Abstract Recent intensive dialogue and debate regarding healthcare reform has led provider administrators to renew their search for “best practices” around the country. Many organizations, particularly hospitals, because of their complexity, are seeking new paradigms that will improve their efficiency and effectiveness regardless of the outcome of the current reform debate. This paper suggest that implementing an organizational change model, specifically, socio-technical systems design, can lead to more teamwork, communications and improved patient service delivery in all areas of hospital operations. Within the STS frame, staff records detailed steps or unit operations in their patient care processes, and then engage physicians in determining what could go wrong in each of these unit operations. Finally, changing what happens or improving the way these steps happen can become a team effort involving both social (people) and technical solutions. The authors acknowledge the extreme difficulty of changing the dominant physicianfocused culture which would be the result of such a successful OD intervention. Keywords: hospital management, healthcare reform Hospital management reform, Page 1 Journal of Management and Marketing Research Introduction The healthcare industry is the subject of intense debate. Forces...
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