...Models of the Communication Process Abstract We teach the same models of communication today that we taught forty years ago. This can and should be regarded as a mark of the enduring value of these models in highlighting key elements of that process for students who are taking the process apart for the first time. It remains, however, that the field of communication has evolved considerably since the 1960's, and it may be appropriate to update our models to account for that evolution. This paper presents the classic communication models that are taught in introducing students to interpersonal communication and mass communication, including Shannon's information theory model (the active model), a cybernetic model that includes feedback (the interactive model, an intermediary model (sometimes referred to as a gatekeeper model of the two-step flow), and the transactive model. It then introduces a new ecological model of communication that, it is hoped, more closely maps to the the range of materials we teach and research in the field of communication today. This model attempts to capture the fundamental interaction of language, medium, and message that enables communication, the socially constructed aspects of each element, and the relationship of creators and consumers of messages both to these elements and each other. Introduction While the field of communication has changed considerably over the last thirty years, the models used in the introductory chapters of communication...
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...Assignment 1.1 Communication Process Model University of Phoenix BCOM 275 Business Communication and Critical Thinking Communication Process Model First Example: |Who was the sender? |Retirement Protocol Office | |Who was the receiver? |Team Leader (myself) for Retirement Detail | |What was the message? |ATTN: In preparation for the Retirement Ceremony scheduled for | | |September 9, 2008, Protocol Office is requesting 17 Cables from each | | |Unit involved in the ceremony to accommodate all guests and attendees.| |What channel was used to send the message? |Email message through Microsoft Outlook. | |What was the misunderstanding that occurred? |“Cables” was meant to be “Tables”. Cables were brought to the | | |Protocol Office on the day of the Retirement Ceremony instead of | | |Tables. Needless to say, I was put in parade rest in front of the | | ...
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...Assignment 1.1: Communication Process Model Directions: Think of a misunderstanding you experienced when communicating with someone else at work, home, or school. Then fill in the blanks of the chart below. |Who was the sender? | Me (Joe) | |Who was the receiver? | Co-worker (Dan) | |What was the message? | The message was to call all members on a list and ask them if they intend to sign up for an | | |important golf event coming up in a few months. Additionally, if they would like to sign up, go | | |ahead and sign them up for the event. | |What channel was used to send the | Face to Face communication | |message? | | |What was the misunderstanding that | I don’t know if it so much a misunderstanding as it was a lack of follow through on Dan’s part. | |occurred? |Not only did he not call the entire list of participants, but, he didn’t sign up the people (one | | ...
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...ASSIGNMENT 1.1: COMMUNICATION PROCESS MODEL Brian W. Salyer BCOM/275(BSBH1DA002) July 21, 2014 GERALD (JERRY) GRIFFIN ASSIGNMENT 1.1: COMMUNICATION PROCESS MODEL Who was the sender? I was the sender | | Who was the receiver? My Supervisor | | What was the message? How he blatantly ignored the suggestions I gave him | | What channel was used to send the message? Email | | What was the misunderstanding that occurred? The misunderstanding was I felt that he should have listened to the suggestion I gave him on better management of employees based on me being in the trenches and he sits in his office all day long not knowing how ragged he runs things. Again, as I stated in my post, I tend to use fonts and colors in an email that immediately put people off. He took it as I not was being insubordinate and respectful of his position as the CIO. | | How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? The issue could have been avoided by my sitting down with him face to face and explaining my position in a calm and businesslike manner. | | 1. What did you learn about the communication process from this activity?That I (the sender) should chose my words and method (encoding) more tactfully rather than sending an email (Channel), I should have sat down with him (receiver) face to face. If had taken the approach of John Francis, Ph.D and listened more, t the misunderstanding may not have happened. I was advised not to send the email the way I did. From...
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...Communication Process Model Communication Process Model Communication involves a sender and a receiver to relay messages between people. The channel is the method in which messages are sent. Conversations are for a purpose of communicating information, however not all messages are delivered or received as intended this leads to misunderstandings. As a delegate of daily duties and procedures, communicating clear directions to coworkers is crucial. Recently, while delegating duties as the sender of the daily work plan through the email method to coworkers in the department one representative that was the receiver had multiple questions regarding other duties that were assigned by a manager in the division office. After reading the email reply, the representative stated the workload was too much to handle. As the lead representative a reply email was sent asking the representative to call so the issue could be discussed. The representative called and stated the research and billing adjustments that a division manager assigned would take most of the work day to complete. The response to the representative was that the duties sent in the work plan email would be reassigned to the rest of the group. The phone call ended with the representative in agreement with the decision. As the delegate the workload was readjusted to rest of the group. A revised email was sent explaining the revisions in the daily work plan with a sentence stating that the representative was taken off the...
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...Assignment 1.1: Communication Process Model Misunderstanding 1 |Who was the sender? |Human Resources for the school where I work | |Who was the receiver? |The Principal of the school where I work | |What was the message? | We should be able to make Ms. Anderson a full time employee in August. | |What channel was used to send the| This message was sent via email | |message? | | |What was the misunderstanding | The Principal told Ms. Anderson that in August she would become a full time employee. The | |that occurred? |first two weeks of August Ms. Anderson worked full time hours. Human Resources called the | | |Principal and asked why was Ms. Anderson working so many hours. The Principal referred to the | | |email regarding Ms. Anderson beginning full time hours in August. Human Resources noted that | | |the word “should” was used; therefore the switch to full time was not completely approved. | | |Human Resources directed the Principal to schedule Ms. Anderson for part...
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...Communication Process Model Example 1: For this example I will be using an example from an issue that arouse at work between a Supervisor and a Floor Lead in the airport between Gate agents. Who was the Sender? Immediate Supervisor Who was the receiver? Floor Lead What was the message? Confusion between gate assignments What Channel was used to send the message? Portable Radios What was the misunderstanding that occurred? Supervisor told the Lead Agent to assign certain gate to an agent; the lead misunderstood the number and assigned the wrong gate number to agent creating a delay on the flight How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? The supervisor could have been clearer about the gate that needed assignment, maybe repeated the number of the gate. What did you learn about the communication process from this activity? Clear communication is very important in the type of job I described above, I am not a gate agent but work with them on a daily basis, as they are a part of my job. While radio communications is what we use to talk to one another, I believe been clear on instructions and making sure the message was understood by the recipient is the main key for preventing this type of misunderstanding and making sure the operation runs smooth and no delays occur. What seem to be the main causes of the misunderstandings? I believe the type of radios being used, and maybe some sort of interference may have been the cause for the misunderstanding, maybe...
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...Week 1 XCOM 275 CheckPoint Communication Process Model: Who was the sender? The sender of the email message was from the (FSO) Facility Security Officer — Supervisor, of the site of where I do security work. The receiver of the email message was to all of the Security Guards for the facility where I work. What was the message? You –the guard lose company equipment, you pay for it—payment will be taken out of that persons pay & that person has to sign and date a special letter. If not reported by any person, then all the Security Guards pay for replacing of the missing equipment, and the cost will be divided between all guards of the facility. What channel was used to send the message? The channel that was used for sending this message was the internet and the form of the message that was used to send out to the Security Guards, client, and company management was by Email. What was the misunderstanding that occurred? A four hundred dollar special encoded two-way handheld radio was lost—within the facility and was not reported that it was missing by any of the Security Guards on that facility to the FSO, client, and the company management. How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? Any of the Security Guards for the facility could have notified the FSO, and then would have written an Incident Report, and then posted this information in the Daily Pass Down Log. The information given...
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...Communication Process Model William Gardner XBCOM/275 November 1, 2013 Carlos Alcazar Axia College University of Phoenix One misunderstanding that occurred at work had to deal with the orientation and training of a new employee. At the point in time this misunderstanding occurred, a newly hired training coordinator had taken over some duties that facilitators formally did. A new hire had come into the company and it was the coordinators job to notify the facilitator of the new hire and set up the start date. This message is conveyed through either e-mail or face to face interaction. In this case, the sender of the message was the coordinator and the receiver was the facilitator. Because of the inexperience of the coordinator, the message of the new hire had never made it to the facilitator because the message was e-mailed. Facilitators do not always have access to e-mail. The new hire came into work and nobody knew of the person. The situation became a frantic mess. The schedule needed to be adjusted for line coverage during training and materials needed to be gathered for training. One of the problems was that facilitators do not have the opportunity to check e-mails on a daily basis because of their primary job on the shop floor. After speaking with the coordinator, this problem was resolved through an initial tour of the department. The coordinator now takes the new hires to meet face to face with the facilitator. What was learned in this case was which mode of communication...
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...Communication Process Model Scenario I * Who was the sender? In this particular scenario, I was the sender. * Who was the receiver? Jessica, my trainee was the receiver. * What was the message? The message was to complete an inventory audit by herself to ensure she knew how to do it and what to count. * What channel was used to send the message? Verbal face to face communication was used in this scenario as the channel to send the message. * What was the misunderstanding that occurred? Jessica was supposed to do the counts on her own; however, our inventory specialist, Glenn needed to monitor her and show her our company’s way of generating inventories. Because of my error in communication, Jessica thought she had to do this alone and never asked Glenn for assistance. This error in communication resulted in a delay of the end of month paperwork and working overtime to correct the inventory and train Jessica properly. * How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? | * | This misunderstanding could have been avoided by getting everyone involved in this task together at the time of assignment. It was not Jessica’s fault, but mine since I did not mentioned her to ask for Glen’s assistance. I also did not informed Glenn about Jessica’s task and his role as trainer. From time to time, the sender may forget to mention certain details about a message that could result in a decoding error (sending the wrong message), that is why it is always...
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...Assignment 1.1: Communication Process model Directions: Think of 2 misunderstandings you experienced when communicating with someone else at work, home, or school. Then fill in the blanks of the chart below. 1 Who was the sender? | Mike (supervisor) | Who was the receiver? | Christian (subordinate) | What was the message? | Christian completed a job on an aircraft. | What channel was used to send the message? | Face to face | What was the misunderstanding that occurred? | Christian believed he had completed the job correctly and Mike did not provide clear enough instructions. | How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? | Christian should not have rushed and paid better attention to the details he was given by Mike. Also, Mike should have given better instructions. | In this scenario, Mike had asked Christian to go out to one of the aircraft and take a look at a specific job. He needed to go into the flight deck and inspect a communication cord to make sure it functioned and all audio was present. Mike had instructed Christian that if there was a problem present to fix it and then sign off the job as completed. The exact job description said that the cord did not provide any audio to the pilot’s headsets. It is part of our everyday procedures when we work on any job to attempt to duplicate the problem prior to any maintenance taking place. Upon either not duplicating the problem or performing maintenance, the job gets signed off in the maintenance forms...
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...Assignment 1.1: Communication Process Model Directions: Think of a misunderstanding you experienced when communicating with someone else at work, home, or school. Then fill in the blank of the chart below: Misunderstanding No. 1 Last week, I had a vendor on-site working on the HVAC equipment. I instructed him to check the refrigerant levels only. As the vendor was leaving the job site, he handed me a bill for $1,200.00. I questioned the bill amount being he was only checking the refrigeration levels. The vendor’s excuse to me was that due to the noise level in the equipment area, he did not hear the instructions I had given. Who was the sender? Me Who was the receiver? Vendor What was the message? Check refrigerant levels only What channel was used to send the message? Verbal What was misunderstanding that occurred? The vendor conducted more work than instructed. How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? The misunderstanding could have been avoided if I would have given him written instructions versus verbal. I could have also given him the instructions outside of the mechanical room. If the vendor was unsure of the task assigned, he should have taken an initiative to ask. Misunderstanding No. 2 I was given an assignment by a co-worker to conduct power reports on equipment during the shift change. Mind you, it was only my second week at the company. I had not received training on the preparation of power reports by management. I had no idea what a power...
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...ASSIGNMENT 1.1: COMMUNICATION PROCESS MODEL Directions: Think of a misunderstanding you experienced when communicating with someone else at work, home, or school. Then fill in the blanks of the chart below. Who was the sender? Service Manager Who was the receiver? Me What was the message? How to post certain invoices to a certain account. What channel was used to send the message? Email What was the misunderstanding that occurred? When he was sending me the emails he wasn’t telling me that he didn’t want me to do a certain thing and I was totally lost on what I was supposed to do. How could the misunderstanding have been avoided? It can have been avoided by him just calling me or coming to talk to me directly. He did end up calling me and explaining to me exactly how he wanted it done. 1. What did you learn about the communication process from this activity? I learned that mistakes can be made but it’s just as easy for him to of called me and explained it to me over the phone instead of emailing me and confusing me even more. 2. What seemed to be the main causes of the misunderstandings? The main causes of the misunderstanding were the way he was wording things in the email. It was totally confusing on how he was wording everything. Who was the sender? Warranty Manager Who was the receiver? Me What was the message? New cashier scheduling What channel was used to send the message? Email What was the misunderstanding that occurred...
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...Who was the sender? The Area Managers ____________________________________________________________ __________________ Who was the receiver? The Team Managers ____________________________________________________________ ___________________ The message was to make in processing packets for redeploying soldiers at the airfield and all Eleven team managers would make them the same way. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________ What channel was used to send the message? E-mail ____________________________________________________________ ____________________ What was the misunderstanding that occurred? There are five forms that make up an in processing packet. Three of the five forms have carbon copies. Eight managers removed the carbons and three managers did not and added additional forms that were obsolete and when the soldiers were in processing and filled out the forms there was writing all over the place because of the carbons and it made the packets look unprofessional and when the three team managers was told this, they took offense. A meeting was called and the supervisor had a pre made packet to show everyone what one should look like and it made the area managers and team managers seem like they were not communicating with each other to make sure everyone was doing the same thing. The three team manager said they were told to do it that way by their area manager but there are two other area managers and...
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...Clear messages and reception is crucial for successful communication. Every person on the Earth has faced miscommunication in some form or another, and it can be a stressful process. When I worked for Hydro-Gear, there was always some form of miscommunication or another on a daily basis. There will always be the one time that sticks out in your mind, and mine was with my boss during a shift one night while the plant was experiencing massive quality issues. When I worked for Hydro-Gear, a new employee was hired in the tool crib and would mis-label the tools for the machines I ran. There was a major issue with the tools cutting the wrong depth and diameter, which caused a substantial amount of scrap at this time. One shift, my boss approached me to ask if I was cutting a certain part and I told him “No, the prior shift had already changed the machines over to cut different parts.” He left, and after a few hours he came back and began to scream at me, calling me a liar and demanding an explanation. I was confused but later found out that the person running the belt had found scrap material and had sent them to be worked without knowing that they were set aside from the prior shift. The miscommunication would have not been an issue had my supervisor checked with the employee operating the belt to see if the parts had come from my machines, or if they were already set on the cart when he arrived for his shift. Instead, my supervisor jumped to conclusions and assumed that I was...
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