...debate about community development. It is evident that existing literature highlight the complex nature of the concept of ‘community development work’. It is also true to say that there are constant changes in the political setting, and the disparity between theory and practice for community development work. To begin, this essay will attempt to define the key concepts of ‘community’ and ‘community development’ in order to understand the process. It will then explore the role of community development programs in aiding local communities to exercise control over the issues that affect their lives, in this case, the refugee women community in UK. Finally, it will also discuss about the role of critical practice in tackling the issues of social justice, such as social exclusion, poverty and inequalities. Community development is a very complex field and before attempting to define it, it is imperative to explain the meaning of ‘community’, which is in itself a contested term (Shaw, 2007). Different perspectives have been presented to define the term, for example Smith (2001) argues that ‘…some [definitions] focused on geographical area; some on a group of people living in a particular place and others which looked to community as an area of common life’. Again, according to Stacey, ninety four definitions of ‘community’ were given (Stacey, 1969 cited in Craig et al., 2008, p.14). Consequently, it becomes problematic to give a precise meaning of ‘community development work’. The...
Words: 1504 - Pages: 7
...What is locality development? As we stated in the first section of this chapter, community or locality development is community building through improving the process by which things get done. This can be an end in itself, but it can also be seen as the beginning of a larger process. While locality development can be defined as improving process, it, like all community organizing, must be focused on action and results. You can't get people involved in a process, or in creating a process, unless there's some goal at the end, whether that's persuading the city to install a new traffic light or ending poverty. That's why, when we discuss how to engage in and use locality development, we include choosing issues that speak to felt community needs. Only by focusing on taking action to achieve outcomes that address those issues are you likely to get citizens involved. Section 1 identifies four types of community organizing: * Locality development creates an infrastructure for community activism and action. * Social planning and policy change uses the political and other systems to create policies that work toward improving the quality of life for all citizens. * Social action and systems advocacy engage citizens in understanding and building power, and using it to advocate and negotiate for the interests of the community. * Coalition building constructs community-wide groups of organizations and individuals, either to work on specific issues or to address more general...
Words: 801 - Pages: 4
...Describe The Main Development Stages of Community Groups. In relation to the main development stages of community groups, we looked at the ‘Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing-Adjourning’ model devised by Bruce Tuckman, in 1965 (‘Adjourning Stage’ was added in 1977). “Tuckman maintained that these phases are necessary and inevitable for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results”. Forming (Formation Stage) – In which the group is just coming together, often characterised by uncertainty. At this stage, individuals are gathering information and impressions – about each other, and about the scope of the task and how to approach it. There is great reliance on the leader (Community Development Practitioner) for guidance and direction. Storming (Dissatisfaction Stage) – In which differences between members surface and minor confrontations take place. Cliques and factions form and there may be power struggles – an uncomfortable stage! A challenging phase for the Community Development Worker who must help the group focus on its goals and resolve conflict and any trust issues effectively – compromise may be required to enable progress. Norming (Resolution Stage) – In which the tasks of the group are clear and agreed – all members feel part of a team, take responsibility and have ambition to help achieve perceived goals. There is better understanding between group members and mutual respect for one another’s...
Words: 348 - Pages: 2
...This paper intends to research the aims and objectives of a community development project, whilst examining the proponents that initially drove this project, highlighting both the positives and negatives. It will identify if Social Change has impinged on the policies, procedures and framework of this project and will endeavour to explore if the project meets the current needs of the local community. “Community development work supports people to work collectively for social change which will improve the quality of their lives and the communities in which they live.” Framework Information Hand-out (1999). Family Resource Centres were established by The Family Support Agency in 2003, under the auspices of The Department of Children and Youth Affairs as Community Development projects, to address the needs of marginalised individuals residing in disadvantaged areas. Like most community development projects, Rosemount Family Resource Centre was established as a direct result of a community coming together to address issues such as poor housing in three Dun Laoghaire Rathdown Local Authority blocks of flats. In general residents accepted occupancy of these flats on the understanding that it would be short term, but found out to their detriment that it was far from a stopgap. For many of the residents it took over ten years to be rehoused, some took as long as sixteen years. This complex was situated in the heart of Dundrum in what was seen to be an affluent area, yet the housing...
Words: 1719 - Pages: 7
...The overall objectives and framework of rules and regulations of the Company are laid down in the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company. Each Department of the Company, while discharging its functions, is guided by Book of Delegated Powers, manuals, policy and guidelines, which are periodically reviewed and updated. The conduct of the employees is regulated by the Employees' (Conduct, Discipline and Appeal Rules) and Standing Orders. In addition, the Company follows the directives and guidelines issued by the Government of India on various matters. The important Internal Rules, Regulations, Manuals & Records, which are used by the employees of the Company in discharge of their functions are given below: (A) Matters pertaining to Company Affairs Memorandum & Articles of Association; Decisions of the Board of Directors and Sub-committees of the Board from time to time as contained in the minutes book; Decision of shareholders in the Annual General Meeting as contained in the minute book; The Code of Internal Procedures and Conduct for Prevention of Insider Trading in Dealing the Securities of ONGC ; Procedures for Corporate Disclosure; Companies Act, 1956 and Rules framed there under; Listing Agreement & SEBI Guidelines; (B) Matters pertaining to Finance & Accounts Accounting Policies; Accounting standards; Accounting Manual; Delegation of Powers; Internal Audit Manual; (C) Matters pertaining to Works, Contract, Sales, Procurement, Inventory...
Words: 509 - Pages: 3
...Ababa University School of Social Work Community Assessment Report Community: ANKORCHA By: Genene Yilma Yohannes Feyyisa Melsew Kibret Melese Yirga Mengistie Tegenie Feyisa Negashu Mussie Atlabachew Zebib Nesru Submitted to : Wassie Kebede(PhD) April/2014 Table of Contents Acknowledgement ………………….. ………………… Acronyms IGA – Income Generating Activities KII- Key Informant Interview FGD- Focus Group Discussion List of Appendices Appendix A – Interview guide for community members Appendix B – Interview guide for wereda government officials Appendix C – Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guide for the community members (male and female separately) Appendix D – Observation Checklist Appendix E – Group Action plan Appendix F – list of assessment participants 1. Executive Summary 2. Purpose of the Community The purpose of the assessment was aimed at exploring existing community resources/capacities, Strength and Asset, and their needs so as to submit the findings to school of social work and concerned government offices. 3. Methodology 4.1. Data collection Instruments In order to learn about the Ankorcha community we collected both primary and secondary...
Words: 5444 - Pages: 22
...© 2000 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL Community participation in development: nine plagues and twelve commandments Lucius Botes and Dingie van Rensburg Downloaded from http://cdj.oxfordjournals.org/ at AGORA Kenya Administration account on December 4, 2013 ABSTRACT Many development thinkers and practitioners have been pondering over community participation for the last two to three decades – some even called the 1980s the decade of participation. To a large extent the current decade of social movements, non government organizations (NGOs) and community based organizations (CBOs), is a manifestation of organized community participation. By analyzing the dynamics of community participation, particularly in the South African urban upgrading context, nine obstacles and impediments (‘plagues’) are exposed which serve to illustrate participatory development as a complex and difficult, though essential and challenging endeavour. Twelve draft guidelines (‘commandments’) are also presented in trying to address these obstacles associated with participatory development. Introduction Community participation in development is advocated for various noble reasons and is often rhetorical and permeated with lofty sentiments. However, to criticize these advantages of community participation would appear to be ungenerous. As a concept, ‘community participation’ is one of the most overused, but least understood concepts in developing countries without a serious...
Words: 8289 - Pages: 34
...The vitality of a community is greatly influenced by the social and economic growth that occurs within it. Enhancing a community’s development, through the addition of recreational resources and opportunities, helps to establish it as a welcoming place for people to learn, work and play. We regard this project as an opportunity to develop a concept for a community-based resource, with our goal being to enhance the community’s growth and development. We plan to do this via the construction of a brand new aquatic center in the heart of the Waldorf, Maryland quarter of the Southern Prince George’s County. To honor and identify the region of its location, the center will be called “Southern Maryland Aquatics Center”. Many aquatic centers exist throughout the Maryland Area. These include facilities such as the Prince George’s County Sports and Learning Complex, The Theresa Banks Swimming Pool, and Greenbelt Aquatic and Fitness. These facilities have met much success over the course of their operation, and provide numerous aquatic-based activities to the local community. The aforementioned PG Sports and Learning has been home to various swimming competitions and has served as a place of practice for many local, scholastic swim teams. One of the great benefits of these facilities, is the employment opportunities they provide to members of the community in which they are located. It is these benefits that we wish to transfer and subsequently impart upon residents of the Southern...
Words: 1395 - Pages: 6
...strengths and resources of a community and can help uncover solutions. Once community strengths and resources are inventoried and depicted in a map, you can more easily think about how to build on these assets to address community needs and improve health. Finally, asset mapping promotes community involvement, ownership, and empowerment. What is a community asset? A community asset or resource is anything that improves the quality of community life. Assets include: • The capacities and abilities of community members. • A physical structure or place. For example, a school, hospital, or church. Maybe a library, recreation center, or social club. • A business that provides jobs and supports the local economy. • Associations of citizens. For example, a Neighborhood Watch or a Parent Teacher Association. • Local private, public, and nonprofit institutions or organizations. When to use Asset Mapping •You want to start a new local program and need information about available resources. For example, you are interested in teen mothers finishing their education. You could draw a community asset map that identifies school drop-out prevention, tutoring, and education counseling programs for young teen mothers. This helps you see what already exists, or if support services are lacking. You may find it is necessary to develop a program to help young mothers finish their education. You are making program decisions. An asset map can help you identify community assets and concerns....
Words: 2098 - Pages: 9
...Review of Related Literature The UNDP (2011) describes development as: “the three essentials of development include the ability to lead a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and to have a decent standard of life. Development can be then also measured by looking into main development points such as: * Employment * Poverty * Health * Education * Social Cohesion * Security * Governance From the points above, we could set up parameters to measure. Taking for example security, we could measure development as we look into data regarding crime rates, number of security personal and etc. . Another basis is the GNP and GDP of a country or state as net income could become a factor to measure development quantitatively (Turtle, 2011). Moreover, to form a more holistic view of development, Smith and Todaro (2012) determined the three core values in development; namely – sustenance, self-esteem and freedom. First, sustenance is a value that indicates one’s ability to meet basic needs. This needs specifically comprise of food shelter health and protection. When people lack these needs, it is suggested by Smith and Todaro that these people are underdeveloped. Second, having self-esteem is part of the core values. This is a determinant on how one may value respect, dignity and principle. These values may help an individual to be recognized in a community to bring honor in an individual. It is believed by Smith and Todaro that having self-esteem will be...
Words: 3427 - Pages: 14
...Collaboration to Build Healthier Communities A Report for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America Wilder Research Wilder Research Wilder Research Report prepared for the RWJF Commission to Build a Healthier America by Paul W. Mattessich, Ph.D. Wilder Research Saint Paul, Minnesota Ela J. Rausch, M.P . .P Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Minneapolis, Minnesota With support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation June 2013 Creating Healthy Communities Cross-sector partnerships are sparking widespread action to improve community health COATESVILLE , PA SEATTLE, WA Access to healthy foods Access to preventative care and healthy housing LOS ANGELES , CA Quality early child care and education CHICAGO, IL Data and evidence to build health into all policies and practices MIAMI , FL Opportunities for physical activity and healthy living health community development • community development finance • community planning • early child care/education • human services • housing Introduction “ Building a healthier America is feasible in years, not decades, if we collaborate and act on what is making a difference.” —Robert Wood Johnson Foundation In 2008, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation convened a commission of nonpartisan leaders to identify opportunities to improve the health of all Americans by creating environments that protect and actively promote health. Their report, Beyond Health Care:...
Words: 10523 - Pages: 43
...Community development From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | It has been suggested that Community mobilization be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2014. | | This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (February 2009) | Part of a series on | Community | | Concepts | * Sense of community * Social capital | Perspectives | * Community psychology * Community studies | Types | * Community of interest * Community of practice * Community of place | Development | * Community development * Community organizing | See also | * Outline * Community portal * WikiProject Community | * v * t * e | The United Nations defines Community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems."[1] It is a broad term given to the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens and professionals to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger and more resilient local communities. Community development seeks to empower individuals and groups of people by providing them with the skills they need to effect change within their communities. These skills are often created through the formation of large social groups working for a common agenda. Community developers must understand both...
Words: 3335 - Pages: 14
...course for the first year student both male and female designed to help them understand, appreciate and eventually live the basic concepts of Students Transformation and Enrichment for Truth (STET) with the end in view of empowering them of becoming an important resources in the nation building. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) 1 is designed to encourage the youth to contribute to the improvement of the general welfare and the quality of life of the Filipino. CWTS requires students to carry out projects and activities in their assigned barangays or Government Organization (GO’s) and Non Government Organization (NGO). Particularly activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, safety, livelihood, entrepreneurships and morals of citizenry and other social welfare services. Course Requirement: The students should be able to undergo the different activities on a given term. Criteria for Grading: Major Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50% Quizzes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30% Recitation/ Requirement/Report/Project . . . . . . . . 20%...
Words: 1204 - Pages: 5
...10 Steps to Community Development For the purposes of this course, the general community development process can be synthesized into the following basic steps. However, community development is an organic process, so that while the "steps" are presented in a logical order, in reality they may not follow sequentially and some steps may either be skipped or carried out simultaneously with other steps. Please click on the title of the step to learn more about each step. 1. Learn about the community Whether you want to be an active member of the community, an effective service provider or a community leader, you will have to be familiar with its issues, resources, needs, power structure and decision-making processes. Your initial orientation could include reading your local newspaper regularly, attending community events, reading reports and familiarizing with available services as well as community projects and activities. Close observation of the community as you interact with it will also provide significant insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the community. 2. Listen to community members You won't be able to learn everything you need to know by reading and observation. You will need to talk to others about their interests and perceptions to put it into context. You can contact community members through formal channels, such as joining a local organization, or informally by chatting with people that visit the library or that you encounter in other situations,...
Words: 1921 - Pages: 8
...Annual Report 2007-2008 Bangladesh Rural Development Board "Palli Bhaban" 5, Kawran Bazar, Dhaka - 1215 Bangladesh. BRDB Annual Report – 2007 - 2008 Editorial Committee ----------------------------------------------------------------Md. Atiqur Rahman Khan Director (Planning, Evaluation & Monitoring) Convenor Mustafa Kamal Joint Director (REM) - Member Kazi Md. Ali Hossain Deputy Director (Planning) - Member Jebun Nahar Deputy Director (Monitoring) - Member Nazneen Khanam Asstt. Director (Evaluation) - Member Dwipock Ranjan Bhowmick Asstt. Director (Evaluation) - Member Md. Abdul Quddus Deputy Director (Evaluation) - Member -Secretary Publisher ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Director General Bangladesh Rural Development Board "Palli Bhaban" 5, Kawran Bazar, Dhaka - 1215. Telephone : 9140399-403, 7168961 Fax : 880-2-8114343 e-mail: dgbrdb@gamil.com Website : http://www.brdb.gov.bd/ Cover Design -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Shamim Mohammad Kamrul Ahsan Programmer, Palli Pragati Prakalpa, BRDB. & TMPS, Training Division, BRDB, Dhaka. Printed by : Titly Printing & Packaging 28/C-1, Motijheel C/A, Dhaka-1000 Phone : 9553303, 9550412 1 BRDB Annual Report – 2007 - 2008 PREFACE Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB) has been playing a prominent role in improving ...
Words: 19471 - Pages: 78
