a. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
According to Borgos and Douglas, the key principles of contemporary CO are:

5.1 A participative culture
CO organizations view participation as end in itself. Under the rubric of leadership development, they devote considerable time and resources to enlarging the skills, knowledge and responsibilities of their members. “Never do for others what they can do for themselves” is known as the iron rule of organization.

5.2 Inclusiveness
CO groups are generally committed to developing membership and leadership from abroad spectrum of the community, with many expressly dedicated to fostering participation among groups that have been “absent from the table” including communities of colour, low income constituencies, immigrants, sexual minorities and youth. Working with marginalized groups demands a high level of skill, a frank acknowledgement of power disparities, and a major investment of time and effort.

5.3 Breadth of mission and vision
In principle, every issue that affects the welfare of the community is within CO`s purview, where other civic institutions tend to get stuck on certain functions while losing sight of the community’s larger problems. In practice, strong (but by no means all) CO organizations have proven adept at integrating adverse set of issues and linking them to a larger vision of the common good. This is a holistic function that has been largely abandoned by political parties, churches, schools and other civic institutions.

5.4 Critical Perspectives
CO organizations seek to change policies and institutions that are not working. In many communities, they are the only force promoting institutional accountability and responsiveness. Because community organizations take critical positions, they can be viewed as partisan or even polarizing in some contexts, and an obstacle to social collaboration. However, research suggests that effective governance depends on “civicness” – not consensus. A critical stance may generate conflict, but it can also stimulate participation and sharpen political discourse in ways that lead to deeper forms of social collaboration.

b. Community organizing is a process by which communities and organizations work together to identify common problems and objectives, acquire and mobilize resources, and create and implement actions to achieve their goals.
Inherent in health promotion and disease prevention is the ability of the public health nurse to educate and organize people so they can participate in building healthier communities. As such, greater understanding of the concepts of health promotion, health education, communication process and community organizing is a must for the public health nurse.

1. Community Analysis The process of assessing and defining needs, opportunities and resources involved in initiating community health action program. This process may be referred to as community diagnosis, community needs assessment, health education planning and mapping. a) Steps in Community Analysis: * Define the Community * Collect Data * Assess Community Capacity * Assess Community Barriers * Assess readiness for change * Synthesis data and set priorities

2. Design and Initiation a) Establish a core planning group and select a local organizer. b) Choose an organizational structure. c) Identify, select and recruit organizational members. d) Define the organization mission and goals. e) Clarify roles and responsibilities of people involved in the organization. f) Provide training and recognition.

3. Implementation Put design plans into action a) Generate broad citizen participation. b) Develop a sequential work plan. c) Use comprehensive, integrated strategies. d) Integrate community values into the programs, materials and messages.

4. Program Maintenance – Consolidation
The program at this point has experienced some degree of success and has weathered through implementation problems. The organization program is gaining acceptance in the community. a) Integrate intervention activities into community networks. b) Establish a positive organizational culture. c) Establish an ongoing recruitment plan. d) Disseminate results.

5. Dissemination – Reassessment
Formative evaluation is done to provide timely modification of strategies and activities. However, before any program reach to its final step, evaluation is done for future direction. a. Update community analysis. b. Assess effectiveness of interventions/programs. c. Chart future directories and modifications. d. Summarize and disseminate results.

c. Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR)
- The process and structure through which members of a community are/or become organized for participation in health care and community development activities
- continuous and sustained process of educating the people to understand and develop their critical awareness of their existing condition, working with the people collectively and efficiently on their immediate and long-term problems, and mobilizing the people to develop their capability and readiness to respond and take action on their immediate needs towards solving their long-term problems

Steps: 1. Pre-Entry Phase - is the intial phase of the organizing process where the community organizer looks for communities to serve and help. a) Preparation of the Institution b) Site Selection c) Criteria for Initial Site Selection d) Identifying Potential Municipalities e) Identifying Potential Barangay f) Choosing Final Barangay

2. Entry Phase - sometimes called the social preparation phase. Is crucial in determining which strategies for organizing would suit the chosen community. Success of the activities depend on how much the community organizers has integrated with the commuity. 3. Organization-building Phase
Entails the formation of more formal structure and the inclusion of more formal procedure of planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wise activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given training (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their style in managing their own concerns/programs. 4. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase Occurs when the community organization has already been established and the community members are already actively participating in community-wide undertakings. At this point, the different committees’ setup in the organization-building phase is already expected to be functioning by way of planning, implementing and evaluating their own programs, with the overall guidance from the community-wide organization.

e. Goals: To promote equity in health by ensuring the availability and accessibility of affordable safe and effective quality essential drugs to all, with priority for marginalized, underserved, critical and hard to reach areas.
Objectives:
1. To rationalize the distribution of common drugs and medicines among intended beneficiaries. (e.g. indigents) 2. To serve as mechanism for the DOH to establish partnership with LGU’s and Community Organizations. 3. Optimize involvement of Barangay Health Workers addressing the health need of the community.
Importance: Enable indigents to easy access to safe, effective, quality and affordable medicines.

f. Define the following: 1. Disaster – is a serious disruption of the functioning of the society, causing widespread human, animal or material losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope, using only its own resources. 2. Emergency – any occurrence that require immediate response 3. Hazards – any phenomenon which has the potential to cause disruption or damage to human and their environment 4. Risk – the level of loss or damage that can be prevented from a particular hazard affecting a particular place at a particular time from the point of view of the community. 5. Susceptibility - the factors which allows a hazard to cause an emergency 6. Vulnerability – the factors which allows a hazard to cause a disaster 7. Capability - the potential ability of somebody or something to do something

* Classification of Disaster accdg. to its Cause: a) Natural Disaster – force of nature b) Human Generated/Manmade * Classification of Disaster accdg. to Onset: a) Acute or sudden impact events b) Slow or chronic genesis * Contributing factors to disaster occurrence and severity: a) Human vulnerability resulting from poverty and social inequality b) Environmental degradation resulting from poor land use c) Rapid population growth especially among the poor * General Principles of Disaster Management a) The first priority is the protection of people who are at risk. b) The second priority is the protection of critical resources and systems communities depend. c) Disaster management must be an integral function of the national development plans and objectives. d) Disaster management relies upon an understanding of hazard risks. e) Capabilities must be developed prior to the impact of a hazard. f) Disaster management must be based upon interdisciplinary collaboration. g) Disaster management will only be as effective as the extent to which commitment, knowledge and capabilities are applied. g. 1. Conditions preventing one from donating blood: a) Diabetes b) Cancer c) Hyperthyroidism d) Cardiovascular diseases e) Severe Psychiatric disorder f) Epilepsy / convulsions g) Severe bronchitis and other lung disorders such as TB h) AIDS, syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases (past & present

2. Steps on how to donate: a) Go to the nearest Blood Collection Unit (BCU) located in government hospitals b) Register as a potential blood donor c) Your health history will be taken d) A physical examination follows taking your weight, temperature, pulse and BP e) A blood test will be done to know your group type 3. Donated blood is given to those who have: a) Patients suffering from shock b) Lost 20% or more in an accident c) Loss in surgery d) Leukemia e) Childbirth f) Major trauma g) Liver transplants h) Hemophilia