...1 Introduction The primary purpose of this essay is to comparatively analyze information disclosure of intellectual capital in the UK and China, using the content analysis method on company annual reports. In contemporary society, the importance of intellectual capital (IC) and the popularity of using IC to value a company’s competitiveness have been increasing. The definition offered by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (2001) is probably one of the most comprehensive definitions: “…the possession of knowledge and experience, professional knowledge and skill, good relationships and technological capacities, which when applied will give organizations competitive advantage.” Predicting a company’s future market performance is one of the key functions of IC information disclosure (Roslender and Fincham, 2004). Consequently, IC will have a significant role in the future value creation process. This study has some limitations, such as the small sample number, which has implications for how representative the data are. Ten companies in the respective stock markets were selected in the UK and China (total twenty) and content analysis was performed. A larger sample would have made the calculations too complex for the time available. The following paper reports the results of empirical research indicating that the trend of IC information disclosure is steadily increasing in both China and the UK...
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...Group 10 Vineet Prashant Toppo | PGP/18/116 | Harshada Wasade | PGP/18/119 | Yaman Rai | PGP/18/120 | Avinash J. | PGP/18/000 | Submitted by: Group 10 Vineet Prashant Toppo | PGP/18/116 | Harshada Wasade | PGP/18/119 | Yaman Rai | PGP/18/120 | Avinash J. | PGP/18/000 | Comparative Pricing and associated consumer behaviour Project on Pricing Comparative Pricing and associated consumer behaviour Project on Pricing Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Comparative Pricing 3 Objective 4 Research Methodology 4 Literature Review 4 Case Study: Apple’s Pricing Strategy 5 Executive Summary This paper is an attempt to study the correlation between consumer behavior and consumer decision making cycle with pricing of a product or a service. Studies are made on comparative pricing through existing secondary sources. In order to understand the relative variations in consumer behavior across different variety of consumers primary research has been done. The findings have been interesting and the implications of findings have been found. Literature review has been done to identify the gaps in the existing literature. Learnings from literature review has also been incorporated. Case study of apple and the strategies used by them have been elaborately discussed. This insights from our study can be used for further scope of research in this domain. Introduction Pricing is an integral part of the Marketing Mix (4 P’s). Whereas all the other...
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...I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Over the years many organizations have invested in massive in-house computing capacities and specialized Information Technology (IT) staff around the world in order to support their primary business processes or to achieve a competitive advantage. According to Porter and Millar IT creates competitive advantage by giving companies new ways to outperform their rivals. To gain competitive advantage over its rivals, a company must either perform these activities at a lower cost or perform them in a way that leads to differentiation and premium price (Porter & Millar, 1999). These days, organizations are looking for IT to operate more efficiently and help to reduce the overall costs. The concept of outsourcing has contributed to this development by transferring entire business functions to an external service provider. A recent phenomenon in the domain of outsourcing is called Cloud Computing. “Clouds are a large pool of easily usable and accessible virtualized resources (such as hardware, development platforms and/or services). These resources can be dynamically re-configured to adjust to a variable load (scale), allowing also for an optimum resource utilization. This pool of resources is typically exploited by a pay-per-use model in which guarantees are offered by the Infrastructure Provider by means of customized SLAs” (Vaquero, 2009). The arrival of the Internet has accelerated the commoditization of IT by providing a perfect delivery...
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...CETM11 Portfolio item 1 –A comparative literature review This is worth 30% of your module The following learning outcomes are assessed: Knowledge 1. A critical appreciation of the nature of research and the goals of academic reading, information searching and communication. 2 A critical appreciation of the clarity, scientific approach and structure of academic writing. This item will allow you to get feedback on skills that you need to help with the Research Plan in Portfolio item 2. TASK You are required to do a comparative literature review of the following topics (you may need to customise the title to include the domain) Choose one of the following topics on which to do a comparative literature review (word limit 2000 words): * The impact of personality traits of the project leaders in project success * Managing change management * Communication skills and project success * Network security and social networking * The role of effective IT management strategies in organisations * Assessing risks in home and public access wireless networks * Ethics in the design of business applications You may find the Q5 technique useful to map out the structure of each paper before you do the review. The task You will select a topic then find two or more academic papers that address the topic. You are required to write a comparative review of the topic from the perspective of these papers. This may require you to examine several schools of thought...
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...SKETCH OF SPECIALIZATION REPORT & EVALUATION FORMATS - 2014 S.No Content Page No. 1 Sketch of Report on Specialization Project 2-3 2 Comprehensive comparative table (Review of Literature) - Annexure -I 4 3 Sequence of the Report- Annexure-II 5 4 Evaluation weightage-Annexure -III 5 5 EVALUATION FORMAT- SP-2014 - At the end of 1st Week 6-7 6 EVALUATION FORMAT - SP-2014 - At the end of 2nd Week 7-8 7 EVALUATION FORMAT - SP-2014 - At the end of 3rd Week 8-9 8 EVALUATION FORMAT - SP -2014 - At the end of 4th Week 9-10 Sketch of Report on Specialization Project Objective The objective of Specialization Project is to provide of in depth learning in the area of specialization. This project is more focused on the students chosen area as a specialization and wants to have career. It should facilitate the student to have a deeper understanding in his/her specialization. Details of Specialization Project The Specialization project should be done by every student as a part of their course which carries 100 marks and will be included in the marks sheet. This project provides an opportunity to get more insights on the topic chosen by the student. In the process, the student will get a chance to (a) evaluate the applicability of the textbook theories in real time situations and (b) to analyze the performance of entities and markets using statistical and analytical methods...
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...country competitiveness: the economic school, which rejects Porter’s notion of country competitiveness, and the management school, which supports the notion of competitiveness at a country level. This article reviews and contrasts the theories pertaining to these two schools of thought with specific reference to trade theories and the ‘theory’ of the competitive advantage of nations originally advanced by Porter (1990a, 1997a, 1998b, 1998c, 2000). Although Porter’s Diamond Framework has been extensively discussed in the management literature, its actual contribution to the body of knowledge in the economic and management literature has never been clarified. The purpose of this article is to explain why Porter’s Diamond Framework is not a new theory that explains the competitiveness of countries but rather a framework that enhances our understanding of the international competitiveness of firms. Key words: Porter, Diamond Framework, international competition, competitiveness of countries, international business, national competitive advantage, country sources of competitive advantage Prof. A.J. Smit is an Associate Professor of International Business, Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa. E-mail: ajsmit@sbleds.ac.za Southern African Business Review Volume 14 Number 1 2010 105 A.J. Smit Introduction “Today [South Africa] is part of a truly global economy....
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... Fruit peelings are not really dangerous to eat. Maybe it just doesn’t taste great that si why people don’t usually eat them. In fact, these have different vitamins and nutrients. Orange has Anti-cholesterol compound that are are found in the peels. These compounds help combat the LDL or ‘bad’ cholesterol in our bodies that form clots and plaque culminating in clogged heart arteries. It also averts cancer because some chemicals in citrus peels also help inhibit the growth and division of cancerous cells. It Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY This chapter present different excerpts from literature and studied found to have an important bearing on the investigation conducted a review of books, newspaper, unpublished thesis and other paper materials through for the research study. They are organized to establish credibility of the present research. Related Literature Citrus Fruits We have known for years that certain vitamins are...
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...outline the process of “devising and revising” a research question, be it descriptive, relational, or comparative. After reading their paper, write a three-page paper that addresses the following: How do descriptive research questions differ from questions of relationship? From questions of comparison? When pursuing a descriptive research questions, what is being measure is aimed to describe the variables you are measuring. When the use of the word describe is used, simply means that these research questions are focused to quantify variables. To recognize a descriptive of to use these question you will often use questions that start with words such as "How much?", "How often?", "What percentage?", and "What proportion?” but also sometimes questions starting "What is?" and "What are?". Descriptive research questions focus on only one variable and one group, but they can include multiple variables and groups. In comparison to questions of relationship or comparison it is also common when using descriptive research questions to measure percentages and proportions. However, if you are using an experimental or quasi-experimental research design, or a more involved relationship-based research design, you are more likely to use just one or two descriptive research questions as a means to providing background to the topic you are studying, helping to give additional context for comparative research questions and/or relationship-based research questions that follow. There is a distinct...
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...Writing a successful PhD Proposal General notes It is assumed that the proposal will be presented in typescript, with minimal typographical errors, and written in an appropriately mature and grammatical style. The following is a suggestion as to the information that will be required by CLS to make a decision on your proposal; you do not have to follow this exact format. Note that if applying for studentships or to other funding bodies, pay attention to the relevant rules and guidelines for submitting such an application, which take priority over these general guidelines. When writing your proposal, bear in mind that the proposal is what we judge your application on, assuming your qualifications are appropriate. It therefore needs to identify the subject matter of the proposed research clearly. This enables us not only to judge the quality and originality of the proposed work but allows us to identify whether we have the resources to support you and whether an appropriate supervisor is available. There is no set length for a proposal, but do remember that you need to give us enough information to judge your proposal, but without becoming unnecessarily wordy or repetitive. As a general guideline, a proposal will usually be at least 2,000 words long, plus references and bibliography. When identifying a topic keep in mind the requirements for a PhD. You need to think about how your study will demonstrate originality; it is not enough simply to reproduce existing knowledge. There...
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...Violence: Studies in Concept, Theory and Method. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis. This book reviews concepts, theories and methods of analysis to address collective violence and revolutions. Chapter two discusses the meanings of the revolution according to its intentions, results and situations; The three criticizes the "volcanic model" or theories of "explosive eruptions of mass discontent"; And five analyzes two comparative studies: States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China, by Theda Skocpol (1979), and Reluctant Rebels by John Walton (1984). Finally, the book reviews the argument, the evidence and the conclusions of the work of two important theorists:...
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...COMPARATIVE LITERATURE: SHARING KNOWLEDGES FOR PRESERVING CULTURAL DIVERSITY – Vol. II - The Impact Of Media On Literature - William Egginton and Bernadette Wegenstein THE IMPACT OF MEDIA ON LITERATURE William Egginton and Bernadette Wegenstein The Johns Hopkins University Keywords: media, media studies, media theory, history of media, new media, comparative literature Contents U SA NE M SC PL O E – C EO H AP LS TE S R S 1. Introduction 2. Current Media Theory and Media Studies 2.1. Origins of Discipline 2.2. New Media Theory 3. Historical Examples 3.1. Oral Transmission 3.2. Pictography 3.3. The Andean Khipu 3.4. Manuscript 3.5. Print 3.6. Theater 3.7. Photography 3.8. Moving Image 3.9. Radio and Television 3.10. The Digital 4. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary The growing consensus among literary scholars is that the meaning of literature cannot be properly studied or understood outside of the specific medium of its transmission and archival. This realization can be considered a revolution in literary studies, and its fundamental ramification is the confluence of literary studies and theory with media studies and theory. The fields of media studies and media theory are dedicated to the analysis and understanding of the myriad media through which information is communicated. Under the influence of these fields, the media through which literature is communicated is no longer considered...
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... TEXT OF THE SIP CHAPTER I: PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction Statement of the problem and specific questions Significance of the study Delimitation of the SIP Definition of terms CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Local studies Foreign studies Other readings CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY Research design Respondents/ content of the study Sampling techniques Data gathering and procedure Statistical treatment CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND INTERPRETATION CHAPTER VI: BIBLIOGRAPHIES OTHERS: Appendices Curriculum vitae Questionnaire/ interviewer guide readings and other documents HOMEWORK: TECHNICAL WRITING CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES TWO MAJOR PARTS OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Conceptual – It contains literature coming from books, journalism and other forms of material, concerning ore relevant to the study, but are data‐free or non‐empirical material, coming from both foreign and local sources. Research – These are empirically‐based, like scientific paper, theses and dissertations, both published and unpublished, coming from local and foreign sources. PURPOSE OF REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE It gives researcher several ideas on how to select and formulate his own research problem. It helps researcher identify studies that have been done related to the topic he is interested in...
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...Venturing 27 (2012) 266–290 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Business Venturing International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda Andreea N. Kiss a,⁎, Wade M. Danis b, 1, S. Tamer Cavusgil c, 2 a b c Global Economics and Management Department Faculty of Economics and Business University of Groningen, 800 Postbus, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands Peter B. Gustavson School of Business, University of Victoria, P.O. BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC Canada V8W 2Y2 J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Institute of International Business, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3989, Atlanta, GA 30303-3989, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This article systematically reviews and critically examines international entrepreneurship research in emerging economies (IEEE research), and articulates its importance, timeliness and relevance in consideration of the growing influence of emerging markets in the global economy. A systematic analysis of eighty-eight journal articles published over the last two decades reveals that IEEE research is a vibrant and rapidly growing stream of the broader international entrepreneurship (IE) domain, and that it is methodologically and topically diverse. Our review also shows that IEEE research has a limited presence in premier journals, is highly skewed in its geographic coverage, and is somewhat fragmented. We therefore inventory and critically evaluate...
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...e 2/4/2014 | 1 Comparative Country Studies (CCS) BSc IB - EBB686A05 International Business Lecturers: Henk Ritsema, coordinator Abdul Erumban Huib Stek 2/4/2014 | 2 Overview › › › › Introduction Course format Course plan Literature / Individual assignment › About Comparing Countries 1 2/4/2014 | 3 Introduction › The goals of this course are: 1. To develop and apply analytical skills to understand socio-economic differences between countries; 2. To assess how these differences impact the climate for doing business across countries. Theory and Application 2/4/2014 | 4 Course format › Tutorials (with student teams): • Theory tutorials (TT) • Application tutorials (AT) › Combining theory with application country Factbook • • • • Tools/Methods Application of tools Comparative analysis Recommendation › Industry perspective 2 2/4/2014 | 5 Assignments and Grading/Feedback › Team assignments (70%) & Individual assignment (30%) › Team assignments: • Paper on / synopsis of materials of Theory tutorials (30%) • Factbook grade (40%) › All assignments: minimum of 5 › Overall: minimum of 5.5 › Participation / performance as presenters, reviewers or chair (+/- 1 grade point on team assignments) › Are you allowed to take this course? Propaedeutics or positive BSA › Passing 2nd year courses but failing 1st year courses leads to removal from the program 2/4/2014 | 6 First Application tutorial (starting tomorrow) › Each team...
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...Literature Research Literature reviews are completed by students to learn the proper format for setting up their own research projects. The following is information gleaned on what a literature review is, why it is conducted, and how to understand completing one . Additional information on how to write a review is covered as well. A literature review surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, providing a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works. Literature reviews are designed to provide an overview of sources you have explored while researching a particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your research fits into the larger field of study. A literature review may consist of simple a summary of key sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis, often within specific conceptual categories. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a reshuffling, of that information in a way that informs how you are planning to investigate a research problem. The analytical features of a literature review might: * Give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations, * Trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates, * Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the...
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