...What factors affect reading? | | | | | | * A non-encouraging reading home environment * A non-encouraging reading classroom environment * Vision problems * Lack of interest in the book * Hearing - Speech impedement, Hard of Hearing, or deafness * Lack of background knowledge * Lack of strong vocabulary base * Gender * Intelligence with the ability to 1) learn, 2) problem solve, or 3) see relationships in reading * Language differences/Dialect/Cultural difference | | In Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children, Snow, Burns, & Griffin (1998) presented a synthesis of research on the conditions that contribute to successful reading. The authors identified the following factors as predictors of success and failure in reading: Physical and Clinical Factors | Predictors of School Entry | Acquired Knowledge of Literacy | Family-based Risk Factors | Neighborhood, Community, and School-based Factors | Cognitive deficienciesHearing problemsEarly language impairmentAttention deficit/hyperactivity disordersVision problems | Acquired proficiency in languageVerbal memoryLexical and syntactic skillsOverall languagePhonological awarenessOral Vocabulary | Reading readinessLetter identificationConcepts of printPhonemic awareness | Family history of reading difficultiesHome literacy environmentOpportunities for verbal interactionHome language other than EnglishUse of a nonstandard dialect of English in the homeSocioeconomic status | Environmental...
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...Narrative Has a point Moral or lesson to be learned Chronological series of events. IE: timeline Descriptive Sensory 1. Introduction 2. Narrative a. Purpose i. A narrative essay tells a story. It can be fact or fiction, however it does tell a story. Generally speaking the story has a meaning of sort. Narratives are interesting and creative ways to teach a moral to others. In the Narrative I want a Wife, Brady tells a story when her friend, a man, came to her house and made a comment that he wanted another wife. Thinking about what her friend had said, she decided that she would like the same. (Brady, 1971) b. Plot in a chronological series of events ii. The moral of a narrative is what would drive the plot. The plot of a narrative should be in a distinct chronological order. This makes the narrative easy to understand and easy to follow. The chronological order of narratives are mostly in a timeline effect. 1st this happened, then this happened, then something else happened. Or I said this to Bob. Bob replied with this. I did this after Bob’s response. Whether it be in chronological, spatial or built oin dramatic order, the structure of narratives are always easy, and clear to follow. iii. c. Creative tension iv. A good Narrative also contains creative tension. Creative tension will allow the write to build up the reader in suspense. Sometimes, the creative tension actually compels the reader in...
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...legend between truth and fiction A legend is a traditional tale popularly regarded as true but containing a mixture of fact and fiction. A legend is tale, usually told regionally and based in part in fact, usually to strengthen ones belief in his or her country or sitting lord. An example would be the Arthurian legends or the Iliad. Legends are sometimes distinguished from myths in that they concern human beings rather than gods, and sometimes in that they have some sort of historical basis whereas myths do not; but these distinctions are difficult to maintain consistently Legend vs Myth: Myths are generally referred to as traditional stories occuring in a timeless past. They may involve supernatural elements and are beyond the frontiers of logic. Myths may also give a religious explanation. Myths have their chronology of events and cannot be related to present timelines. They may also be imaginary things. Legends, however, are stories about real people who are famous for doing something brave or extraordinary. Legends may be told upon topics of historical importance. It is not an explanation of something nor a symbolic narrative, they're based on an event. Examples of myths and legends It is a Greek myth that Prometheus stole fire from Zeus, the chief god, and gave it to humans so that they could keep themselves warm. To punish him, Zeus chained Prometheus to a rock where his liver was eaten by an eagle every day but grew again every night. There is nothing to prove...
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...description, or imitation of a person or thing which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic 12. Climax- most intense, exciting or important point of something 13. Connotation- idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning 14. Consonance- agreement or compatibility between opinions or actions 15. Denotation- literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to feelings or ideas that the word suggests 16. Dichotomy- a division or contrast between two things that are represented as being opposed different 17. Diction- the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing 18. Direct characterization- process by which personality of a fictions character is revealed by descriptive adjectives, phrases, or epithets 19. Dramatic situation- an event or idea of a poem that’s clarified by...
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...Open main menu Last edited 2 days ago by Andreasmperu Literary genre EditWatch this page A literary genre is a category of literary composition. Genres may be determined by literary technique, tone, content, or even (as in the case of fiction) length. The distinctions between genres and categories are flexible and loosely defined, often with subgroups. The most general genres in literature are (in loose chronological order) epic, tragedy,[1] comedy, and creative nonfiction.[citation needed] They can all be in the form of prose or poetry. Additionally, a genre such as satire, allegory or pastoral might appear in any of the above, not only as a subgenre (see below), but as a mixture of genres. Finally, they are defined by the general cultural movement of the historical period in which they were composed. Genre should not be confused with age categories, by which literature may be classified as either adult, young-adult, or children's. They also must not be confused with format, such as graphic novel or picture book. GenresEdit For more details on this topic, see List of literary genres. Just as in painting, there are different types: the landscape, the still life, the portrait; there are different types of literary works. These types tend to share specific characteristics. Genres describe those works which share specific conventions.[2] Genres are often divided into subgenres. Literature, is divided into the classic three forms of Ancient Greece, poetry, drama...
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...The Use of Narratives and Its Effect on Stories The use of narrative view are important for an author. It determines how the reader interpret the story and ultimately understanding the theme. In the work of “Hills Like White Elephant” Ernest Hemingway uses third person objective point of view to present the conflict of a young couple over the difficult decision of whether to have an abortion. In comparison to Hemingway’s work, “Great Falls” by Richard Ford, tells the story of the breakdown of the parents’ relation through the eyes of the protagonist Jackie. The authors of the two short stories use these different points of view, to allow the reader understand the overall themes of the stories; which are the essence of a good story. “Hills Like White Elephant” begins with the description of the setting. Soon the narration leads to the two characters, the American and his girlfriend, Jig. Their conversation begins at the bar beside the train station, where momentarily they will head towards Madrid. The conversation, however, is not an enjoyable one. The couple argues about an “operation” that Jig will receive when they arrive at Madrid. After an intense debate, the woman agrees to have the operation (Hemingway, 661-665). “Great Falls”, on the other hand, through first person narrative, takes the reader back to the protagonist’s childhood, to one incident which his parents are facing a break up in their relationship. After a hunting trip with his dad, Jackie realizes...
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...used in fiction and personal statements. As such, they will contain all necessary components of action development: protagonist, setting, goal, obstacle, climax and resolution. Writing a narration paragraph requires, consequently, accounting for sequential order of events and chronology. There are many descriptive elements included in the body of a narration paragraph but, if composed correctly, the paragraph will prioritize action over description. Exposition Paragraph Often times, this kind of a paragraph is used as a component of other types of writing. It’s written in order to clarify or explain problems and phenomena. Writing exposition paragraphs requires strict focus on evidence and objective language. It can contain elements of comparison and contrast, or cause and effect writing as both facilitate accurate exposition of the subject-matter. Definition Paragraph Definition paragraphs are used in order to explain the meaning, origin and function of things. They are used both in academic writing and fiction. To write a definition paragraph, writers should concentrate on the role of its subject in the context of the essay and account for evidence as well as examples accordingly. Classification Paragraph Writing classification paragraphs requires a more varied approach. It should be concentrated on defining as well as making relevant comparisons. In other words, writers should classify the subject of the paragraph in a specific context providing comparisons to corresponding...
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...of Common Literary Terms Abstract Language—Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. The observable or "physical" is usually described in concrete language. Allegory—A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. A story, fictional or nonfictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these characters, things, events is meant to reveal an abstraction or a truth. These characters, etc. may be symbolic of the ideas referred to. Alliteration—The repetition at close intervals of initial identical consonant sounds. Allusion—An indirect reference to something (usually a literary text) with which the reader is expected to be familiar. Allusions are usually literary, historical, Biblical, or mythological. Ambiguity—An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Also, the manner of expression of such an event or situation may be ambiguous. Artful language may be ambiguous. Unintentional ambiguity is usually vagueness. Anachronism—Assignment of something to a time when it was not in existence, e.g., the watch Merlyn wore in The Once and Future King. Analogy—An analogy is a comparison to a directly parallel case. When a writer uses an analogy, he or she argues that a claim reasonable for one case is reasonable for the analogous case. Anecdote—A brief recounting of a relevant episode. Anecdotes are often inserted...
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...argumentation, and narration. Each of the rhetorical modes is present in a variety of forms and each has its own purpose and conventions. Description is also the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Description as a fiction-writing mode Fiction is a form of narrative, one of the four rhetorical modes of discourse. Fiction-writing also has distinct forms of expression, or modes, each with its own purposes and conventions. Agent and author Evan Marshall (agent) identifies five fiction-writing modes: action, summary, dialogue, feelings/thoughts, and background (Marshall 1988, pp. 143–165). Author and writing-instructor Jessica Page Morrell lists six delivery modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description, dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the writing community regarding the number and composition of fiction-writing modes and their uses. Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration, exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z, edited by Kirk Polking, description is more than the amassing of details; it is bringing something to life by carefully...
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...Genre is defined as “a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique, or the like”, while film genres are defined as “various classifications of films.” When it comes to naming the Science Fiction genre, the technical definition is the exploration of human evolution on a technological or cosmic scale. The genre utilizes a setting placed in the future or outer space, and typically involves aliens, the applications of technological advances, or even alternate timelines. Sci-fi (science fiction) In the terms of 2001: A Space Odyssey, it was a film that, created by Stanley Kubrick, was able to both set the tone for sci-fi films and redefine them by restating what the genre was about and what it could do as a standalone narrative device....
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...For other uses, see Fiction (disambiguation). An illustration from Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, depicting the fictional protagonist, Alice, playing afantastical game of croquet. Fiction is the form of any narrative or informative work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary—that is, invented by the author. Although fiction describes a major branch of literary work, it may also refer to theatrical, cinematic or musical work. Fiction contrasts with non-fiction, which deals exclusively with factual (or, at least, assumed factual) events, descriptions, observations, etc. (e.g.,biographies, histories). Contents [hide] * 1 Types of fiction * 1.1 Realistic fiction * 1.2 Non-realistic fiction * 1.3 Semi-Fiction * 2 Elements of fiction * 2.1 Plot * 2.2 Exposition * 2.3 Foreshadowing * 2.4 Rising action * 2.5 Climax * 2.6 Falling action * 2.7 Resolution * 2.8 Conflict * 2.8.1 Types of conflict * 2.8.1.1 Person vs. self * 2.8.1.2 Person vs. person * 2.8.1.3 Person vs. society * 2.8.1.4 Person vs. nature * 2.8.1.5 Person vs. supernatural * 2.8.1.6 Person vs. machine/technology * 2.9 Character * 2.10 Methods of developing characters * 2.11 Symbolism * 2.12 Metaphor * 3 Types of plots * 3.1 Chronological order * 3.2 Flashback * 3.3 Setting...
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...LITERATURE Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, "literature" is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work; etymologically the term derives from Latinliteratura/litteratura "writing formed with letters", although some definitions include spoken or sung texts. More restrictively, it is writing that possesses literary merit, and language that foregrounds literariness, as opposed toordinary language. Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it ispoetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre). IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE It also encourages students to think critically, specifically for the discussing and thinking components. Those people studying literature look at poems, plays, essays, stories and novels. Reading and learning about these helps people to sympathize with others and see how complex humans truly are. It aids in broadening a person's intellectual horizons and it stimulates a more active imagination. Literature explores different human...
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...Conversation with My Father,” written by Grace Paley, there are two stories intertwined. The main story is about a visit between a middle-aged woman and her elderly, bedridden father. It is during this visit that the two of them discuss fiction and give their opinion towards tragedy in literature and in life. The second is a story that the daughter creates for her father at his request. She proceeds to tell him a story about a mother who, in order to be closer to her drug-addicted son, decides to experiment with the same drug and becomes a drug-addict herself, only to be deserted by the son when he rises above his dependency. Building on her relationship with her own father, Paley artfully uses intertwined narratives and character relationships to present the themes of experience and opportunity. The central conflict between the father and daughter lies within their different life experiences due to a vast generation gap, leaving them with different views not only in life but also in literature. He is an eighty-six year old man, bedridden due to heart disease and, despite his health problems, fully alert. A physician by profession and an artist in retirement, he is still very particular with details and requires that of her as well. In comparison, the daughter, who is also the narrator, has a completely different view on life. Young, comfortable with herself and with changes necessitated by a changing world, she rejects her father’s tendency to cling to the familiar and reject...
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...nor did I pay much attention the technical details of the film as they appeared on screen. As a viewer I appreciated the aesthetic quality of films, how well I could relate to characters, and how engaging the narrative was. I have always liked to watch space-age and science fiction films as a form of escapism, with my favorite films being Star Trek and The Fifth Element. I have learned over the course of this class that there are certain elements of film utilized in these films that draw me to watch them over and over. I love how science fiction films use mise-en-scene to illustrate a futuristic world, specifically how these films show the environment or setting. Another element of film that I am drawn to within mise-en-scene are the characters. I think that these two elements are what make watching science fiction films so interesting, as each film has a different take on what the future...
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...MUNTINLUPA CITY ASSIGNMENT IN TECHNICAL WRITING AND RESEARCH SUBMITTED BY: DATE: ELISEO, JOSEPH ALLAIN F. JULY 15, 2014 Types of Paragraph Narration * A narrative paragraph tells a story of one specific event. * The primary focus of the topic sentence is to identify the event or thought, including your stance on it. * A narration paragraph explains the significance of the event, purpose for writing the narrative and includes enough detail to engage the reader. * Normally chronological (though sometimes uses flashbacks) * A sequential presentation of the events that add up to a story. Example: Jesus and his disciples went to a farm nearby the Nazareth. Native people came to see him. Hearing the miraculous things that he has done, they believe He can also show things they never saw before. Jesus healed the people who was sick and tormented by the devil. He casted away the devil but it went to a pig near the farm. The people panic and got scared that they heave Jesus away. Description * Description is not what you saw, but what readers need to see in order to imagine the scene, person, object, etc. * This type of paragraph causes us to think in more detail about a person, place, event, or situation. * A definition paragraph works in both fiction and academic pieces. * When writing a definition paragraph, use specific examples and be thorough. Example: Zombies are flesh-eating fictional characters. Like human...
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