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Ethics Essay

There are three major approaches in normative ethics including virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism. This paper is going to compare the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. It will include a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics. Virtue ethics focuses on how to be and studies what makes the character traits of people. A person who has these traits will act by habit in certain ways not because of a person’s values, but because it is what a moral person would do. A soldier in the United States Military’s pledge is an example of virtue ethics because he pledges to uphold the responsibilities of his service.

Utilitarianism theory of ethics states that an action is morally right when that action produces more total utility for the group than any other alternative. In other words, utilitarianism specifically looks at the advantages of happiness, providing the greatest balance of pleasure, along with reducing suffering. Deontology is defined as a “moral theory that emphasizes one’s duty to do a particular action just because the action itself is inherently right and not through any other sort of calculations – such as the consequences of the action.” For example, if you were to find someone’s wallet at a restaurant you have two decisions that can be made. First you can keep it or you can return it to the restaurant in hopes to find the owner of the wallet. To compare all three theories, let us look at the following example: borrowing money in hard times knowing that the money cannot be paid back. According to deontology, it is morally wrong not to pay back the loan. However, utilitarianism allows borrowing that money without paying it back, supposing that the money allows more happiness that it

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