...When considering the issue of multiple discrimination, it is worth starting from the fact that each person has many aspects of identity. People do not see themselves as just women or men, only people of a certain age, only as heterosexual or homosexual people. People's identities consist of many components, they are functions of belonging and identification with many groups and circles. These are complex, multidimensional integrals, which depending on the situation, some identifications or roles become more important, but never contain the multidimensionality of identity (although we are often perceived by others only through the prism of belonging to one group, which ignores this complexity of identity). This class increased my knowledge of...
Words: 668 - Pages: 3
...Synopsis of Communication Theories: Constructivism, Organizations, & Accommodation Josh Garcia Central Michigan University Synopsis of Communication Theories: Constructivism, Organizations, & Accommodation Throughout this course, several theories of communication were covered. Being able to communicate effectively is a critical component in the development of establishing meaningful relationships among people and places, as well as the exchange of information. In order to establish effective communication skills, it is necessary to analyze the system of ideas that have been designed among several scholars. However, this paper is specifically focused on the discussion of three theories, which were found to have relevant viewpoints. Throughout this paper, the theory of constructivism, the critical theory of communication in organizations (CTCO), and communication accommodation theory (CAT) were examined. Constructivism Theory Constructivism is a communication theory, which is focused on the identification of individual differences among people’s ability to communicate effectively in social situations (Griffin, 2012). Jesse Delia is credited for the development of constructivism theory. Delia’s theory of constructivism implies there is a difference between people who are interpersonally successful, opposed to those who are not. Delia’s theory of constructivism is focused on being able to better understand the differences among individuals who communicate more effectively...
Words: 2777 - Pages: 12
...Residual Learning for Image Recognition Kaiming He Xiangyu Zhang Shaoqing Ren Microsoft Research Jian Sun Deeper neural networks are more difficult to train. We present a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously. We explicitly reformulate the layers as learning residual functions with reference to the layer inputs, instead of learning unreferenced functions. We provide comprehensive empirical evidence showing that these residual networks are easier to optimize, and can gain accuracy from considerably increased depth. On the ImageNet dataset we evaluate residual nets with a depth of up to 152 layers—8× deeper than VGG nets [41] but still having lower complexity. An ensemble of these residual nets achieves 3.57% error on the ImageNet test set. This result won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task. We also present analysis on CIFAR-10 with 100 and 1000 layers. The depth of representations is of central importance for many visual recognition tasks. Solely due to our extremely deep representations, we obtain a 28% relative improvement on the COCO object detection dataset. Deep residual nets are foundations of our submissions to ILSVRC & COCO 2015 competitions1 , where we also won the 1st places on the tasks of ImageNet detection, ImageNet localization, COCO detection, and COCO segmentation. 20 10 56-layer test error (%) 20 Abstract training error (%) ...
Words: 5761 - Pages: 24
...conventional definition of Hispanic identity. In order to fully understand how the concept of ethnicity has been constructed in Latin America it is important to start with some historic background. The formation of what will be known as “Hispanic Identity” started centuries ago when Portuguese and Spanish colonists arrived to the South America and started to oppress, enslave and exploit populations that had lived there for eons (Wade, 2003). In addition numerous African slaves have been brought in, especially in places like Caribbean and Brazil where today the significant part of the population is black (Ferreira da Silva, 1998). Because of the melting pot relationships a significant portion of populations got mixed and were called “mestizos”. This mixing occurred between ingenious populations, Europeans and of course African slaves (Wade, 2003). This mixing created a very interesting phenomenon when it comes to Latin America namely the fact that ethnic and racial composition of many countries is extremely diverse and not homogenous at all especially in places like Brazil, Chile, Mexico and others. However at some point even this has changed as the new approach was to define populations based on the culture rather than on ethnicity (De la Cadena, 2000). This was taking place first in Peru in regard to the ingenious populations. Another argument was that it was not very helpful to use racial/ethnic model of the US when talking about Hispanic identity mainly because it is so diverse...
Words: 1514 - Pages: 7
...Tracing Complexity Theory by Pedro Ferreira For ESD.83 – Research Seminar in Engineering Systems Fall 2001 Summary This work traces the development of complexity theory as a field of study. Complexity theory studies and analyzes complex systems and aims at understanding their structure and behavior. A complex system is characterized by emergent behavior resulting from the interaction among its parts and, for that reason it cannot be fragmented without losing its identity and purposefulness. Therefore, complexity theory is at the heart of what systems are today, and is concerned with the idea that a system is more than just assembling a set of machines together. To deal with this kind of systems, researchers use abstraction and rely heavily on computer simulation to derive steady-state information about the system, in form of invariants, limiting cycles and attractors. Complexity theory has a large scope of application in today’s life mainly because real world systems are all complex. This document presents ideas, definitions and properties of complex systems and introduces some of the tools and methods used in complexity theory. It also analyzes the origins of this field of study and includes an assessment about its success and relevance. 1 Ideas about Complex Systems Complexity theory encompasses a body of knowledge aimed at analyzing complex systems. Some views put up by researchers dealing with complex systems, compiled by Joseph Sussman in 2000...
Words: 447 - Pages: 2
...In Madeleine Thien’s short fiction “Simple Recipes,” there are numerous instances of simple syntax and specific diction. On the surface, this narrative is seemingly simple, as the tile suggests, however as the story progresses it is evident there are deep, underlying complexities. Thien employs the use of literary techniques to provide a clear, yet elaborate outline of the social and cultural identity crisis immigrant families’ face, while also underlining the difficulties of determining a common ground between a person and their imperfections. Furthermore, the conciseness implemented in the story’s writing is the concluding step for relaying a straightforward, transparent writing technique. No room is left for misinterpretation of the literal sentence structure, however subliminal between the lines connotations may be present. In this short story, there is a strong correlation between the writing style and the effortless task of cooking rice, as illustrated by the narrator’s opening words: “There is a simple recipe for cooking rice. My father taught it to me when I was a child” (Thien 338). To cook rice, there are only two ingredients, water and rice, yet the daughter finds it nearly impossible to duplicate her father’s recipe. This is distressing to...
Words: 841 - Pages: 4
...http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://jsr.sagepub.com/content/13/4/426.refs.html >> Version of Record - Oct 24, 2010 OnlineFirst Version of Record - May 21, 2010 What is This? Downloaded from jsr.sagepub.com by guest on May 7, 2012 Job Characteristics and the Creativity of Frontline Service Employees ´rio Augusto1 Filipe Coelho1 and Ma Journal of Service Research 13(4) 426-438 ª The Author(s) 2010 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1094670510369379 http://jsr.sagepub.com Abstract This study investigates the main and interactive effects of job characteristics on the creativity of frontline service employees. Past research investigates the link between job complexity, an index measure of job characteristics, and employee creativity. This study follows a component-wise approach in studying the influence of each job characteristic on the creativity of employees. The approach overcomes a number of limitations such as the sole reliance on the intrinsic motivation rationale. In addition, we conduct this research in services, whereas past research has focused...
Words: 11186 - Pages: 45
...Data Structure and Algorithms UNIT – I PART- A Questions & Answers 1. What is an algorithm? An algorithm is a finite set of instructions that , if followed, accomplishes a particular task. 2. What are the characteristics of an algorithm? Input – Zero or more quantities Output – At least one quantity Definiteness – each instruction is clear and unambiguous Finiteness – terminate after a finite number of steps Efficiency – easily understandable 3. Define Space Complexity The Space complexity of an algorithm is the amount of memory it needs to run to completion 4. Define Time Complexity Time complexity of an algorithm is the amount of computer time it needs to run to completion 5. What are asymptotic notations? The notations that enables us to make meaningful statements about the time and space complexity of a program is called asymptotic notations. 6. What are the various asymptotic notations used to define the efficiency of an algorithm? Big ‘Oh’ (O) Omega (Ω) Theta (θ) Little ‘oh’ (o) Little Omega 7. What is information? Information is a recorded or communicated material that has some meaning associated with symbolic representation. 8. What are the aspects to be considered to ensure information transfer between source and destination? Syntactic – Physical form of information Semantic – Meaning Pragmatic – Action taken as a result of interpretation of information 9. State the Markov algorithm It takes the input string X and through a number...
Words: 425 - Pages: 2
...do with them, at least until they get much further down their evolutionary trip and improve measurably. Here’s why: 1. Social Media/Networking is an invitation to at best, uncontrolled and permanent over-exposure, and at worst, identity theft or misuse. I still feel that reason No. 1 is as valid as it ever was. The explosive growth of Facebook and the “permanent over-exposure” it provides to millions of people’s private actions, feelings, photos and intentions constitute a “ticking time bomb” that can explode at any time. How? In many ways. Privacy intrusions, identity theft and countless crimes have occurred due to Facebook exposure, and more will happen. On the other hand, Facebook is a social interaction tool of epic proportions allowing both social interaction and an array of commercial uses that were unimaginable just three short years ago. 2. All of us are drowning in a tidal wave of complexity already, and these social networking sites make this complexity worse by an order of magnitude. 3. Social networking is in the evolutionary stage, and as such, all of the sites that exist now will change, evolve become either more useful and secure or go away. I also stand by reasons No. 2 and 3. It's imperative to understand the level of complexity social media introduces into a society that is already far too complex—to our detriment. 4. Just when a lot of people learn to use one of the social networking sites/systems, someone will come up with a newer, better, cooler or more...
Words: 577 - Pages: 3
...Network Structure and Inter-organizational Knowledge Sharing Capability ABSTRACT This paper examines how the structure of a supply network can affect the inter-organizational knowledge sharing capability, which is expressed by absorptive capacity and shared identity. The supply network structure is analyzed by two dimensions – formality and centrality. Propositions about the relationships between network structure and knowledge sharing capability are suggested at the end. Subject Areas: Supply chain management, Inter-organizational knowledge sharing, Absorptive capacity, Shared identity, Network structure. 1 1. INTRODUCTION Historically, individual organizations have tried to improve their own performance in an effort to gain competitive advantage. Today, the success of an individual organization depends largely on the performance of its suppliers and customers [1]. Consequently, supply chain or supply network management is one of the critical success factors in today’s marketplace [2]. As organizations increasingly connect with and rely on partners and suppliers in their supply networks, interdependencies among these organizations naturally increase. This increase, in turn, makes today’s supply networks more complex [3], and members of such complex supply networks face many sources of uncertainties – internal as well as external1. Fisher [4] argues that the strategy of the supply network – lean vs. responsive – should be aligned with the product types – functional vs...
Words: 4801 - Pages: 20
...This paper is about the complexity of managing organizations. As theoretical groundwork the book Organising and Managing Work by Tony Watson will be used. The book by Tony Watson covers issues about organizational, managerial and strategic behavior. In particular, the author argues for a critical common sense and the use of philosophical pragmatism (Watson, 2006). He also questions the way work is organized and managed. Finally, the process-relation perspective, a critical perspective of how to think about organizations and their relations and interactions with people, is taken by Watson (2006). This paper will start with a description of the two theories “System-control framing” and “Process-relational framing”. Afterwards the three concepts strategic exchange, negotiated order and double control will be defined and exemplified by different cases from the course. Finally, the paper will look into the complexity of managing knowledge at organizations supported by examples from Danone and McKinsey. In the field of leadership and management studies, there are two main perspectives “System-control framing” and “Process-relational framing”, which can help to analyze and make sense of complex organizations. The system-control perspective recognizes organizations as an entity that is “a system of managerially designed rules and roles existing on its own terms […] based on an organization design with a set of structural and cultural characteristics” (Watson, 2006, p.30). According...
Words: 3258 - Pages: 14
...Introduction: Many small businesses grow by taking opportunities to diversify, although there are risks because of limited resources on all fronts. Businesses should weigh up the risks and costs of opting for growth carefully against the benefits. business diversification isn’t just selling more types of products. Developing a business plan that includes well-researched, strategic efforts will not only expand the reach of the business, but also help increase the value of existing services. Definition: Diversification refers to a strategic direction that takes companies into other productsand/or markets by means of either internal or external development. Diversification can take several forms, including: • new, related products or services to existing customers • new markets for existing products • new products for new markets Deciding how and when to diversify depends on you having: • thorough market and customer research for the new product or service • a clear development strategy - including trying a new line or service for a short test period with prototypes and test marketing before totally committing to the new project • sales, marketing and supply chain operations that can cope with the added demands DIVERSIFICATION1.Introduction There are basicallytwo broad forms of diversification as listed below: Related diversification occurs when a company develops beyond its present productand market whilst remaining in the same area. For example...
Words: 1668 - Pages: 7
...| | |an ulterior motive? | | | | | | | |What is the author’s experience with the subject, | | | |including academic or professional credentials related to | | | |the subject of the source article? Does she or he have | | | |what it takes to understand the complexities of the | | | |subject? | | | |...
Words: 975 - Pages: 4
...Itzel Lazcano General Psychology Professor Anna- Marie Rudek Spinos !7 November 2015 Discovering Self-Identity As we grow older and become more aware of the social world, we often find ourselves learning and changing different preferences. Often times, this includes small quirks such as different foods we might have enjoyed at some point but grew out of or deeper insights such as self-discovery and learning what we stand for in life and tough situations. The complexity of this experience may vary for different people and is often a harder concept to fully grasp for ourselves but leads to shaping who we are and what differentiates us as human beings. To demonstrate, sexual orientation and gender identification has been a complicated journey for some to overcome. In the movie, Boys Don’t Cry, Brandon Teena struggles with these notions since he is biologically a female but would rather identify as a male. Teena undergoes a self makeover and ultimately changes her name into Brandon Teena from Teena Brandon. Although there are a variety of factors that attribute to his decision, including living in a small town with virtually nothing to do and no room for growth as well as having a carefree attitude full of law breaking and making poor choices, he ultimately just identifies as a male and is interested in women. In the film Brandon meets a woman, Lana, he begins to feel attracted to and who he deceives until one day he is discovered after he has been arrested and is put...
Words: 428 - Pages: 2
...benefits all people, specifically those who are situated at the intersection of socially constructed factors. As a result, I have crafted my program of research to understand the complexities of identity and how those complexities present themselves within, and are related to, academic pursuits. I believe my program of research, coupled with my desire to improve academia for all people, will contribute to the National Center for Institutional Diversity’s scholarly agenda of demography, democracy, and discourse. This contribution is represented in my proposed research statement, which focuses on exposing the experiences of engineering students of both genders and various racial and ethnic backgrounds....
Words: 452 - Pages: 2
