...Introduction What are the responsibilities of a pharmacist? One must meet the demands for dependability and provide a conscientious performance. One must realize that people’s lives depends on the decisions and actions that could be harmful and hurt a persons well being for the rest of their life. One who plans on becoming a pharmacist needs to trust worthy with a strong ethical outlook. He must be detailed oriented and be willing to check and double his own work. Professional Commitments: The goal of a pharmacist is to be a professional part of the health care team working hand in hand with doctors to achieve the use of medications that will improve patient’s quality of life. Doctors tend to look at the whole picture when it comes to treating their patients they tend to rely heavily on the pharmacist for their expertise on how a medication will help or hinder their patient. Pharmacist must be aware of adverse reactions if certain medications can be taken together without causing a negative reaction, can medication slow the disease process, or prevent a disease entirely and what are the risks to patients. These are just a few questions that some doctors have. Professional prospects: People are pro-active when it comes to preventative health services. Pharmacists must face new challenges with more responsibilities and increasing opportunities. In our society today people are living longing and focusing more on their health with an emphasis on demanding sophisticated...
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...What is Biochemistry and why you should study it? Biochemistry or sometimes we called it as biological chemistry is defined as a scientific study of the chemistry of living organisms, especially the structure, the behavior of a living thing and the function of their chemical component such as proteins ,carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Many of these molecules are complex molecules called polymers, which are made up of monomer subunits. Most people consider biochemistry to be same with molecular biology. Nowadays, biochemistry has become the root for understanding all biological processes. It has provided widely explanations for the causes of many diseases in humans, animals and plants. As a student, we should study it because it give to us many kind of knowledge on understanding the biological processes which are happen around us in every single minutes in our life. Since biochemistry is very important, we must study it to know how this biochemistry contributed for the sustainable of tomorrow in the main field of medicine, agriculture and industry. Biochemistry is applied in many health field such as dentistry, medicine and veterinary medicine. For example, in the field of medicine, biochemistry have contribute in the clinical study to maintain and to give a better and healthy life to the population of human all around the world. This have been done by the scientist on how they use biochemistry to diagnose and control the spreading of diseases, product a new...
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...patients and parents. Close examination of the concept of pain – specifically, procedural pain in the young child age group in the emergency department (ED) setting, is necessary for understanding how nursing practice may be improved in order to produce a more positive patient experience. A thoughtful review of current literature will provide insight into the concept of pediatric pain, permitting a detailed analysis. This analysis will assist in the formulation of theoretical and operational definitions of the concept for use in further study. Review of Literature A review of literature was conducted to compare and contrast views of the concept of pain across multiple disciplines. The disciplines chosen are nursing, psychology, and pharmacology due to their close multidisciplinary relationship regarding the concept, assessment, and treatment of pediatric procedural pain in the young child age group. Nursing Discipline Original research conducted by Nilsson, Hallqvist, Sidenvall, and Enskar (2011) explores...
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...Ethnopharmacology and natural product drug discovery remains a noteworthy hope in the current discovery of new drugs. Many modern drugs have origin in traditional medicine and ethnopharmacology. Ethnopharmacology is the use of tradition plant medicines as source of new drugs. Traditional Indian Medicine - Ayurveda has a long history and is one of the great living traditions. Considerable research on pharmacognosy, chemistry, pharmacology and clinical therapeutics has been carried out on Ayurvedic medicinal plants. Several preclinical and clinical studies have examined cytoprotective, immunomodulatory and immunoadjuvant potential of Ayurvedic medicines. The ethnopharmacology knowledge, is holistic and systems approach supported by experiential base can serve as an innovative and powerful discovery engine for newer, safer and affordable medicines. The Process of Modern Drug Discovery using Ethnopharmacology The first stage should be the reported use of a natural occurring material for some purpose which can be related to a medicinal use. There must be an indication of a genuine effect and therefore, the material needs to be identified and characterized. It can be collected for test studies which comprises tests for relevant biological activity linked with isolation and structure determination of any chemical present that might be responsible. The active compounds are discovered by fractionation of the extract linked with testing for activity of each fraction until pure compounds...
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...10. Design and enable a positive work environment where the employees are excited to come to work to and can pursue a career in. HS140: PHARMACOLOGY-5 1. Identify if the patients current medications will interact with new medication that are being prescribed. 2. Identify drug allergies that can cause harm to the patient. 3. Utilize correct calculations when compounding medications. 4. Apply the proper techniques when preparing medications for patients. 5. Use empathy and understanding when a patient or healthcare provider is address their concerns about meditations. 6. Inform patients of possible side effects that can occur while medications. 7. Inform patients how to properly store their medications. 8. Provide accurate drug information...
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...Toxicology is the scientific study of adverse effects that occur in living organisms due to chemicals. It involves observing and reporting symptoms, mechanisms, detection and treatments of toxic substances, in particular relation to the poisoning of humans. It is difficult to discuss toxic phenomena at different levels of biological organisation separately because of complex relationship and interlinking between such levels. It should be noted that every biological level toxicology includes chemical and/or molecular toxicology in a sense. Scientists need to study natural situations to understand life processes and to investigate how introducing a particular substance can change living systems. It is often helpful to break a process into steps and then investigate how introduction of the substance affects each step. This first stage in toxicity assessment takes place in vitro. The investigator can pinpoint the various changes that could occur when a compound encounters a living cell and then make safety recommendations. Only a few substances successfully pass these initial trials. Those substances must then be tested further. Humans and other living things—plants, animals, and even molds and bacteria—are complex systems. The processes in any organism are far more complicated than just the sum of the individual parts. It is difficult to replicate at the lab bench the complex interactions. When safety is not assured, ethical research procedures restrict testing on...
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...readily available and easily collected and stored. Saliva is frequently called a ‘‘mirror of the body,’’ since it can reflect both the physiological and pathological conditions in the entire human organism. It has been clearly pointed that all biological specimens, including saliva could be used as diagnostic samples for diagnostics and control of a disease if they meet the criteria of being easily and non-invasive collected; if they possess specific biomarkers for a disease, and capability of having its biomarkers detected using existing technologies. The term ‘‘Salivaomics’’ was introduced in 2008 due to the advances in research about different ‘‘omic’’ constituents of saliva. As of now, there are known five major salivary diagnostic components such as proteome, transcriptome, micro-RNA, metabolome, and microbiome. It has been shown that saliva contains various significant biomarkers. Saliva serves as a valuable diagnostic fluid for the early detection of different cancers such as oral cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer and gastric cancer. Salivary diagnostics is also used in cardiology, in risk evaluation for cardiovascular diseases in people with insulin resistance or for acute miocardial infarction. In patients with cystic fibrosis increased levels of prostaglandins and decreased concentrations of protease enzyme were recorded in saliva. The changes in hormones such as cortisol, alpha-amylase and glutathion in anxiety disorders, persons with intellectual...
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...Spironolactone can be given with other diuretic medications to have an increased effect. Increased amounts of aldosterone, a mineral corticosteroid, and causes primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Primary hyperaldosteronism can lead to hypertension and secondary hyperaldosteronism can lead to heart conditions, such as heart failure, and edemas. Spironolactone is effective in treating hypertension from primary hyperaldosteronism. Spironolactone acts primarily at the collecting tubule in the kidneys, but can also act in the heart.3 Aldactone, one of the main components of spironolactone, is quickly absorbed into the body and along with the sulfur components is a main reason for the effectiveness of the drug. Food increases the absorption of the drug and is excreted mainly through urine and partially bile.2 Spironolactone is metabolized into many metabolites, including the two most important in relation to pharmacology, canrenoate and canrenone. Several of the metabolites derived from spironolactone also have biological activity, including canrenone and...
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...SULFONAMIDES Abstract Sulfonamides are among one of the oldest drugs to be used as antibiotics. They were invented in 1930's. Nowadays doctors prefer to prescribe them as the traditional drug of choice for urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases. Currently, the new development of antibiotics to combat illnesses caused by bacterial resistant strains and have limited the usefulness of Sulfa medications. Objectives Upon successful completion of this presentation you should be able to: • Understand and communicate your knowledge of Sulfonamides mode of action and bacterial resistance • Identify and understand the contra indications, common signs and symptoms of allergic reactions to Sulfonamides. • Identify 3 common trade names for sulfonamides and select indication for use between different patient population. Type and class of Pathogen Sulfonamides have been in use since the 1930's , these drugs are effective against both gram- negative and gram - positive bacteria. Sulfonamides are know as broad spectrum antimicrobial drugs; they are effective against a wide variety of microorganisms most Enterobacteriaceae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Nisseria, Haemophilus influenzae,, Norcardia, E.Coli , P. mirabilis some staphylococci, and many streptococci (with exception of Enterococcus faecalis). They are used for...
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...ASN Program Description Mission and Goals Our Mission Trinity College of Nursing and Health Sciences provides a quality higher learning environment preparing competent practitioners for health-care professions. Continuous quality improvement guides the educational process as students prepare to deliver culturally congruent health care, perform as responsible citizens within the global community and seek avenues for life-long learning. Our Goals Program goals for each department in the College derive from the philosophy of the College and the domain competencies, as follows: Knowledge • ability to examine and explain phenomena • ability to construct and organize knowledge • ability to integrate and synthesize knowledge • ability to apply quantitative and qualitative concepts Proficiency • ability to solve practical problems • ability to collaborate with multiple disciplines • ability to communicate effectively • ability to practice competently and skillfully in a changing health-care environment Culture Care Values • ability to preserve/maintain cultural identities • ability to accommodate/negotiate diverse life ways • ability to re-pattern/restructure health-care delivery methods • ability to apply ethical and legal principles to health care The Associate of Science in Nursing Program (ASN) is a two-year program of study combining didactic and clinical nursing courses as well as general education courses...
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...This paper will explore Case World scenario of Leigh who has been involved in a rally car accident and has sustained injuries (School of Nursing & Midwifery 2014). This paper scopes the pathophysiology of the lungs as well as a pneumothorax and how this injury can affect the normal functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems. It also looks into how kinetic energy from a car accident aided these injuries. Secondly, the paper looked into the use of an under water sealed drain (UWSD) and how it can prevent the development of a tension pneumothorax. Furthermore, it also discusses two medications Leigh has been prescribed and are linked to his injuries with a rationale and pharmacology explained. Lastly, the paper will explore one sign and symptom and why they manifest in conjunction with his pneumothorax. The human lungs are two paired...
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...• GREEN TEA is an Anti Carcinogen. It contains 'catechin', which can suppress human cell mutating substances, thus helping in the prevention of cancer. (Ref.. Japan National Genetics Research Center, Hamamatsu Public Health Center, Shizuoka Pharmaceutical College and Shizuoka Women’s College research findings) • GREEN TEA contains `Tannin` which has a very high success rate in interfering with the production of lipid peroxide in human bodies, thus helping slowing down the ageing process. In comparision, Vitamin E has much lower success rate in doing so. (Ref.. Okayama University Department of Pharmacology) • GREEN TEA has Enzymes that combat the causes of high blood pressure. It is also helpful in combatting cerebral apoplexy, heart disease and other geriatic diseases. (Ref.. Tohoku University Dr. Meguro Nihon Medical College Dr. Fukui Nagoya City University Dr. Aoki) • GREEN TEA provides ZINC, one of the necessary elements for meeting the nutritive demands of pregnancy. (Ref.. Kagoshima University Department of Medicine) • GREEN TEA contains vitamin C an essential nutrient for human body. • GREEN TEA contains Fluoride which is especially helpful in fighting tooth decay. Even just rinsing the mouth out with Green Tea, after meals, is highly effective in preventing tooth decay. (Ref.. Tokyo University of Medicine and Dentistry) Green Tea Benefits The benefits of green tea range from its potential role in reducing the risk of Alzheimer's Disease, certain...
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...Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm Rachel Armenta HLT 310V Foundations of Spirituality in Health Care Dr. Tamara Smith June 19, 2011 Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm The vision of the Healing Hospital in America is built on the most important principal of the human existence-loving one another (Chapman, 2011, p. 11). The goal is to move beyond customer service to loving care service. It is not bricks and mortar that create a healing home but a partnership between people that allows for a sacred encounter that changes lives forever (Chapman, 2011). The components needed for loving service are: skill, competency, stewardship of resources, and a servant’s heart (Chapman, 2011). This type of holistic care is based on trust and recognizes kindness, compassion, and respect are essential to clinical excellence (Chapman, 2011). The client is viewed as an integrated spiritual being that is treated as a whole person (Chapman, 2011, p. 34). This concept is foreign to the Western medical model, but no the nursing profession. The concept of caring has long been identified as the essence of nursing (Barker, 2009). In ancient times, nurses tended the sick and provided care for their needs between physician house calls (O’Brien, 2008). Florence Nightingale’s traditional model of the profession called nursing a “caring vocation” (Barker, 2009). Even the patients of today recognize it the nurse who provides for and tends to their needs. In the absence...
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...Introduction Pharmacology of Advair Diskus Fluticasone Propionate (FP), a component of Advair Diskus, is a corticosteroid primarily used in the treatment of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).1,2,3,4 In patients with allergic rhinits, is it most often used intranasally, falling under the class of “intranasal corticosteroids”, or INS.3 However, in the case of asthma, the drug is classified as an “inhaled corticosteroid” or ICS.5 Typically short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonists are used to rapidly treat the symptoms of asthma, but corticosteroids like FP are utilized when long-term contol is required.6 FP has been obsered to have synergistic effects when used in co-therapy with these short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonists, yielding a greater improvement in lung treatment and symptom control than when either of the two drugs is adminstered alone.6 The corticosteroid drug class has been around...
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...Nursing Practice: Acute NURS7113 Nursing Practice: Acute NURS7113 Due Date: 2nd May 2016 by 0900hours Due Date: 2nd May 2016 by 0900hours Paper Coordinator: Paper Coordinator: | Faculty of HealthAssignment Cover Sheet | Please complete this sheet and attach to your assignment, ensuring that you print clearly. Student ID: | 21303376 | | | Student Name: | KrishnitaSen | | | Programme Name: | Bachelor of Nursing (Pacific) - Year 3 | | | Paper Name: | NURS7113: Nursing Practice- Acute | | | Assignment Name: | Summative Case Study and Reflection | | | Tutor Name: | | | | Date Submitted: | 2nd May, 2016 | | By submitting this assignment, I certify that the work presented follows the guidelines set out in the Programme Handbook and is my own original work. We reserve the right to withhold marks or request further information if we are not satisfied that the work presented is the student’s own, or has been referenced appropriately. Introduction A nurse has a crucial responsibility to make accurate and appropriate clinical decisions in an acute setting working in partnership with health consumers across varies lifespan (Crisp, Taylor, Douglas, Rebeiro, 2013). The assignment aims to help develop the clinical skills of a nurse by demonstrating key aspects of client-centered nursing care in an acute setting during the placement. This assignment is based on a health consumer; that was encountered during clinical placement who is of...
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