...the constitutionally untenable position of having to choose between receiving unemployment benefits and following her religion. The Court said that only a compelling state interest could justify such a burden on the free exercise of religion. Furthermore, the state must show that its compelling interest could not be satisfied by a less restrictive alternative. Here, an exemption could have been made for Sabbatarians without undermining the state's interest in ensuring that benefits are paid only to claimants who were involuntarily unemployed. (Note: strict scrutiny standard] Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) FACTS Defendant Yoder was convicted of violating Wisconsin's compulsory education law when he refused to send his children to school after the 8th grade. He believed that the two years of compulsory high school education conflicted with the Amish religion's tenets...
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...March 25, 2012 Compulsory Education Should be Eliminated Compulsory education has a long-standing history in the United States. Many people in our society, especially public school teachers, administrators, and education association officials, believe it should remain in place. However, many parents and students would agree that forcing students to attend school, especially poorly run public schools, creates more problems than it is worth. It costs our state and its taxpayers billions of dollars each year, and many critics claim that students graduate unprepared for higher education and employment. For these, and several other reasons, compulsory education laws should be repealed, and compulsory education should be banned. The history of compulsory education dates back to the colonization of North America; in 1642 the Massachusetts Bay Colony had a compulsory literacy law for all children. If parents weren’t providing the “proper” education, colony officials could remove the children and assign them as apprentices to state-appointees (Rothbard, Compulsory Education in the United States section, ¶ 2). After the Revolutionary War, Massachusetts again started the country in the direction of compulsory education by including it in the state constitution. In 1789, compulsory school attendance was law in Massachusetts. The state of Connecticut followed suit in 1805, and in 1842 expanded the law by requiring all children under the age of 15 who had jobs to attend...
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...teachers reason for why the students were bored cause lounge can vouch for the low energy the whining the dispirited attitudes to be found there. 3 . What was Gatto's grandfather's perspective on boredom? Gatto's grandfather perspective about boredom was that he was never to use that term in his presence again . Including if he was bored it was his fault and non ones else's. 4 . What happened to Gatto when he tried to help his students break out it the teapot boredom? When Gatto tried to help break the trap of being bored he found it futile to challenge the official notion that boredom and childishness was also the natural state of affairs in the classroom. For instance I often had defy custom and bend the law to help the kind break out of the trap of bored. 5 . What does Gatto feel that schools should "encourage " to improve the quality of schooling ? Gatto feels that schools should encourage the best qualities of your-fulness curiosity , adventure, resilience , the capacity for surprising insight . For a example being more flexible about time , texts and texts introducing kids to truly competent adults and giving student autonomy he or she needs . 6 . What reason does...
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...Home Schooling: A Real Alternative Kevin Sumrall Research and Writing: ENG 215 Professor Kristen Shelton May 15, 2011 The times in which we live are becoming more competitive than ever before. How well one is prepared to step up and meet that competition is what education is all about. The mainstream opinion would say that the only way to the top is through public or even better; private schools. As most of us are already painfully aware, we all cannot afford private schools for our kids, especially if we have more than one or two children. Homeschooling has been viewed by many as a substandard choice, where many others are coming to realize that it is much better than any other choice they may have. There are as many as 2 million children being home schooled right now with a projected growth of 15 to 20% annually. The very high test scores for homeschoolers versus the public school students is one of the main points on the platform for the benefits of homeschooling. There is an alternative to public and private schools, and its right at home. There was a time, not so very long ago, when parents could send their kids down to the bus stop and never think twice about whether or not they would be safe and cared for and taught correctly all of the same things that they learned when they went to school. The sad truth of the matter is that most parents don’t know half of what their kids are being taught in school today. Most of the time, teachers are allowed to show kids movies...
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...The Advantages and Disadvantages of Compulsory Education. Over the course of history the purpose and definition of compulsory education has changed many times; from being a part of the American dream to being a political tool, compulsory always seems to change with the times. At its best compulsory education provided valuable services to children and families that added value to their lives. At its worst it compulsory education would ensure that education would be devoid of religious or political influence that immigrants would bring with them from their home countries. Today compulsory education appears to be a crutch that removes the accountability of parents for providing a strong educational foundation for their children. To determine which outweighs the other we must not only define compulsory education. We must also determine its purpose. Today compulsory education is defined as “…a period of educational attendance required of all students. The period of compulsory education is often determined by the student’s age. In the U.S., schooling is compulsory for all children. The age range for which school attendance is required varies from state to state. Some states allow students to leave school between the ages of 14–17 before finishing high school only with parental permission. In some other states, students are required to stay in school until age 18.” (US Legal Definitions) The original on the other hand definition is somewhat elusive; in researching the original...
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...act in Alberta, and Emily Murphy was particularly racist. These two women have achieved amazing things for Canadian workingwomen, as well as Canadian women and the law; but did they do more harm than good? More specifically, does their work in favor of women’s rights, and women becoming recognized “persons”, make up for their love of eugenics and the many lives they ruined sue to their beliefs that people of different races and with different mentalities were not suitable for parenthood? This paper will explore both sides of their work, looking at the persons case, women becoming involved in the senate, as well as the eugenics and sterilization that they supported. These two women were not solely good or bad, they were good with some poor decisions along the way, “although their vision, like our own, was sometimes faulty and incomplete, it also embodied an uncommon personal politics of courage and optimism…Feminists don’t have to be perfect to be worth a respectful hearing.” (Strong-Boag). Nellie McClung is a feminist hero of Canada, “her zest, and her convictions, her campaigns helped shape the Canada we live in today.” (Gray, 5). She was a popular novelist, and she helped improve the conditions of working women. She was also one of the famous five women who worked to have women recognized as equal under the law, gaining women the right to vote and hold political office. She changed the world for women in Canada, “from Nellie’s perspective, progress was measurable in the improvements...
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...ages things were a lot different, children were a lot different and besides from size there was little defining children from adults. There is many sources such as paintings which show children to not only be dressed as adults, but engaging in adult behaviour such as drinking and attending brothels. Aries discovered that children were sent to work, just like adults as soon as they were capable of doing so. Law also made very little distinction between children and adults, with children being allowed to participate in adult activities because they were just seen as ‘mini’ and then sharing the same burden as adults when it came to punishments. At this time Phillip Aries believe that childhood didn’t exist. In 1880 the compulsory education act came into procedure in England and Wales, this created a big turn over in the history of childhood. It became compulsory for children to go to school, meaning they couldn’t work. Before this law came into action children were seen to be ‘economical assets’ to families as the more children they had the more money they had, but when this law came underway, families had less money. As a consequence, family size declined because nobody had the money to support a large family and children were no longer seen as ‘financial assets’. From this point on childhood developed further, children were seen as lovely young people who would...
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...Home based educational programs are becoming more and more popular with Wisconsin families. With the increased interest and participation in such programs, it is time that the state reevaluates its current laws. As they stand now, the statutes relating to home schooling are much too lenient; there is no accountability for parents and no safeguards in place to make sure that the children in these programs are actually receiving a quality education. I believe that additional restrictions need to be put in place that require children and or parents to participate in some kind of activity that will prove participants are at the same level as their public school peers. Arguments are made that when compared to the total amount of school aged children in the state, the number of children receiving their education through Home-Based programs are miniscule. Our focus should remain on the bulk of the children and keep resources going into the public schools. At one time this may have been true, but times have changed, home-based education programs have now become so popular that we as a state need to take a closer look. The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (WDPI) began keeping track of home schooled enrollments in this state during the 1986-1987 school years. At that time there were approximately 2,456 students receiving their education at home. That number has now skyrocketed, by an amazing 856% to a total of 21,034 students in 2003-2004 school year.(“WDPI...
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...eugenics. It all took place in 1924 in Virginia. Virginia just got done passing a law authorizing compulsory sterilization of the mentally handicapped. If you were an alcoholic, a petty criminal, or an epileptic you were considered in the “feeble minded” category. If you fell in this category you would have two different outcomes. The first one was sterilize the person for the betterment of society. The second option was you would be left alone and have your rights entitled to you as an American citizen. The whole case dealt around with the idea of the right to reproduce. People thought that the feeble minded were unfit to reproduce and therefore, not have the right to do so. Carrie Buck, who was 18 years old, lost her inalienable rights even though she couldn’t control it. Buck v. Bell is looked at as a landmark case because it violated the U.S. Constitution’s 14th amendment. It also violated the 5th amendment stating that Carrie Buck’s right of due process of law. The final decision that they came up with was in favor of the defendant. Justice Holmes, the man who gave the verdict, said that it was just to sterilize the feeble minded for the good of society. After the decision was made more than 30 states made their own sterilization laws. As a matter of fact, Germany made their own eugenics laws that were almost similar to Virginia’s. Back in the 1970’s is when the last of any eugenics laws were terminated. Having made this decision, it should’ve been the other way around...
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...ESE 633 Week 1 DQ 1 History and Service Delivery Options for Students with Disability To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/ese-633-ash/ese-633-week-1-dq-1-history-and-service-delivery-options-for-students-with-disability This discussion is your opportunity to achieve the week’s learning objective to examine the history and service delivery options for students with a disability. This discussion aligns with Course Learning Outcome 3 and reinforces MAED Program Learning Outcome 2. This week’s readings provided you with a look into the history of individuals who addressed the academic interests of children with disabilities. These individuals accepted many roles during the process because often there were no legal safeguards against social, academic, or legal injustices. Starting in the United States in the 1960s, advocates for children with disabilities began a strong campaign for equality. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) was passed in 1975 with reauthorizations, updates, and refinements occurring continuously. Contemporary special educators continue to serve in multiple roles advocating for equality in schools, communities, and workplaces. Although the federally mandated role of special educators has evolved notably, public education for children with disabilities continues to be a dynamic and progressive area of practice. Initial Post – Begin by reading Chapter 1 in Murawski and Spenser (2011). Next, using the Ashford...
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...* Political Science and Business * Behavioral Science * Communications Arts * Ethics * Research Techniques and Analysis * Victimology * Adult Development and Life Assessment | Experience | Dayton Public Schools 1997-2000Level I Clerical (Assistant to The Director of Safety and Security) * Served as personal assistant to the Director of Transportation * Dispatched drivers for the purpose of meeting the scheduled demands * Evaluated bus routes for the purpose of providing services in a safe and cost effective manner. * Informed school personnel, parents, etc. of practices and incidents (e.g. rules, regulations, laws, procedures, etc.) for the purpose of providing information for follow-up action and/or proper procedures. * Maintained a variety of manual and electronic documents, files and/or records for the purpose of documenting activities, providing reliable information, and complying with district, state and...
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...Paul Popenoe and Roswell Johnson, in their blatantly eugenicist 1918 University textbook, Applied Eugenics, supported a national education system that would work as “a sieve through which all children in the country are passed” and “which will enable the teacher to determine just how far it is profitable to educate each child that he may lead a life of greatest possible usefulness to the state and happiness to himself.” Teachers must inspect children for ability and inability, for compulsory education should be utilized for both positive and negative eugenics programs. In the quote, they talk about the hazards of 'too great a democritazation' of the country is dangerous. They focus on how the notion of democracy functions - How every person, lay man or an expert, has one equal vote. They approach the subject through a different viewpoint, a more morally weighted, "What ought the people to want?", as opposed to "What do the people want?" Through this lens of intention and collective good, Popenoe and Johnson try to point out that often more times than not, the vox populi want something that in the long term, may be harmful or detrimental to the society and welfare of the state. This is the problem they have with democracy and the system of governance it gives mandate to, the layman being given as equal a vote as an 'expert' in the field. They mention that most of the general population know little about the most important projects that will benefit society, and still expect...
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...historical role of schools in transmitting religious traditions gave way to more secular goals. The educational reform movement that marked the turning point in United States educational history originated in, and was dominated by, the example of Massachusetts and its political leaders, particularly Horace Mann. Horace Mann was born to a family of farmers in Franklin, Massachusetts, on May 4, 1796. His lineage included some of the earliest Puritan settlers who practiced a "severe brand of Calvinism."[19] At the age of twelve, the bookish and introspective Mann rejected Calvinism and focused his attention on educating himself. He graduated from Brown University in 1819 and, following law school in Connecticut, became a practicing attorney in Boston in 1825. Mann's interest in politics and law and his views and skills as an orator soon catapulted him into the Massachusetts legislature. It was as president of the State Senate that he became intimately involved in the movement to concentrate control of education in the hands of state. The fight to bring education under the control of government was essentially a fight over the schools' role in shaping the character of the American people. The goal, implicitly religious, was social integration through the inculcation of certain common beliefs selected for their "uplifting" character. Mann, raised an orthodox Calvinist, came to bitterly reject his upbringing in favor of Unitarianism.[20] Unitarians of the time believed that...
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...THE RIGHT OF CHILDREN TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT, 2009 35 of 2009 [AS ON 01.05.2014] [26th August, 2009] An Act to provide for free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Sixtieth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-1. Short title, extent and commencement: (1) This Act may be called the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009. (2) It shall extend to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (3) It shall come into force on such date1 as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. 2 [(4) Subject to the provisions of articles 29 and 30 of the Constitution, the provisions of this Act shall apply to conferment of rights on children to free and compulsory education (5) Nothing contained in this Act shall apply to Madras as, Vedic Pathsalas and educational institutions primarily imparting religious instruction.] 2. Definitions: In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-(a) "appropriate Government" means-(i) in relation to a school established, owned or controlled by the Central Government, or the administrator of the Union territory, having no legislature, the Central Government; (ii) in relation to a school, other than the school referred to in sub-clause (i), established within the territory of-(A) a State, the State Government; (B) a Union territory having legislature, the Government of that...
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...During the eugenic movement there were internal concerns about criminals, insane, feeble mindedness, alcoholics, paupers, derelicts, delinquents, orphans, prostitutes and those unable to support themselves. These traits were considered to be hereditary defects that cannot be eliminated by environmental procedures. Many studies supported and illustrated the use of sterilisation as negative eugenics such as the Juke family published in 1875 and the Kallikak family in 1912 where one or more members of the family were considered to be unfit. In 1907 Indiana was the first state to pass involuntary- sterilisation based on the eugenic ideologies of the unfit. By 1931, 30 states had passed this law. As the concept of the “unfit” was subjective and...
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