...Input-Output Devices in Aviation David Campbell Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Computer input-output technology is being used increasingly more in the aviation field every day. This is especially true for communication between pilots in the air, and air traffic controllers on the ground, allowing them to communicate through text messages. Previously, the only way to communicate was by talking over the radio on VHF frequency. This technology is a great benefit to pilots and controllers reducing their work load. But some challenges lie ahead to fully integrate this system. Europe has been using this technology for a few years now while the United States is just recently out of the testing phase to implement this technology. (Eurocontrol.TV, 2010) The flight data processing system in Europe is trajectory based, and is constantly being updated throughout the flight. This gives flight controllers the most up to date information and gives them the ability to predict workloads for various control sectors. This technology allows controllers to view instrument data from the cockpit in real time. Commercial aircraft in the United States has just recently started using the global High Frequency Data Link (HFDL) network as a means to communicate with ATC. This gives controllers and pilots the ability to exchange text and data messages over a long range utilizing high-frequency radio signals. (Keller, 2012) “FANS is short for the Future Air Navigation System...
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...WAAS 22 2.2.2 EGNOS 23 2.2.3 MTSAS 25 2.3 GBAS 26 2.3.1 DGPS 26 2.3.1.1 LAAS 28 2.3.2 RTK 28 2.3.3 GRAS 29 2.3.4 VDL 29 2.3.4.1 VDL Mode 1 30 2.3.4.2 VDL Mode -2 30 2.3.4.3 VDL Mode 3 30 2.3.4.4 VDL Mode 4 31 2.4 ABAS 31 2.4.1 RAIM 32 2.4.1.1 RAIM (FD) 32 2.4.1.2 RAIM (FDE) 33 2.4.2 AAIM 33 3 Communication Systems 34 3.1 INMARSAT 34 3.2 INTELSAT y EUTELSAT 37 3.3 IRIDIUM 39 4 New technologies and developing projects 41 4.1 VSAT 41 4.2 SDLS 44 4.3 MASSAO y Aerofleet projects 45 4.4 OPTIMAL project 48 5 Conclussions 50 5.1 Role in CNS/ATM 50 5.2 Gate to gate? 53 5.3 New system beyond 2020 56 5.4 Comparison with the current ATM system 59 6 Acronyms 61 7 Bibliography 64 7.1 webpages 64 7.2 documents (all of them are in internet) 66 8 Appendix 68 8.1 Techniques of modulation 68 8.2 Standards and recommended practices in annexes 1,6 and 11 68 8.3 Data link services defined by ICAO 72 Introduction All forms of aviation need reliable communications, navigation and surveillance systems to enable them to operate safely and efficiently. The primary means of communications for civil aviation is VHF Radio Telephony (RT) and has been so for over 50 years. During that time the basic features have changed little except for the channel spacing which has gradually been reduced to provide more channels within the available spectrum. The...
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...radio frequency waves. The technology can be used to identify, track, sort or detect a wide variety of objects. In this project RFID is used for the Tracking purpose for stolen things. An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the computer is completely encapsulated by or dedicated to the device or system it controls. Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs one or a few predefined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded systems are often mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale. Security over the years has been a source of concern to organizations and companies. This has caused quite a significant amount of capital being budgeted for improvements on security systems, simply because it has been discovered that the access control system mechanism is an important part of an organization. One of the important security systems in building, vehicle security is door access control. The door access control is a physical security that assures the security of a building or vehicle by limiting access to the vehicle to specific people and by keeping records or goods of such entries. Physically, embedded systems ranges from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling...
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...Fuzzy Control Kevin M. Passino Department of Electrical Engineering The Ohio State University Stephen Yurkovich Department of Electrical Engineering The Ohio State University An Imprint of Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. Menlo Park, California • Reading, Massachusetts Don Mills, Ontaria • Sydney • Bonn • Harlow, England • Berkeley, California • Amsterdam • Mexico City ii Assistant Editor: Laura Cheu Editorial Assistant: Royden Tonomura Senior Production Editor: Teri Hyde Marketing Manager: Rob Merino Manufacturing Supervisor: Janet Weaver Art and Design Manager: Kevin Berry Cover Design: Yvo Riezebos (technical drawing by K. Passino) Text Design: Peter Vacek Design Macro Writer: William Erik Baxter Copyeditor: Brian Jones Proofreader: Holly McLean-Aldis Copyright c 1998 Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or stored in a database or retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Printed simultaneously in Canada. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and AddisonWesley was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or in all caps. MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks...
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...FREE ONLINE RESEARCH PAPERS Navigation Sign In Create Account Forgotten Password About Us Subscription Cancelation SIWES Project in Computer Science CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of SIWES SIWES refers to the employment of students nearing under-graduation in firms or organizations, which operate on activities related to the respective student’s major subjects. The course, CSC 3299 as offered in Ajayi Crowther University is a compulsory subject offered by every computer science student in the 2nd semester of the third academic year with the objective of enabling students to come into contact with real life applications regarding the knowledge and skills gained in both theoretical and practical courses of the university. The core courses of Computer Science offered by ACU are both theory and laboratory practical -based and aid in providing a theoretical concept or ‘base’ to the students so that they are equipped with sufficient knowledge for joining the work force after completion of under-graduation. SIWES on the other hand helps the students familiarize themselves with the experience of being employed in their field and effectively learning and applying the knowledge required by carrying out their activities in the offices and fields. 1.2 Objectives of SIWES The general objectives if SIWES are outlined as follows: Helping students break free from the theoretical world of textbooks and class courses and leap into...
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...although both Microsoft and the NHS are entitled to independently exercise their rights of ownership. Microsoft acknowledges the contribution of the NHS in England through their Common User Interface programme to this Content. Readers are referred to www.cui.nhs.uk for further information on the NHS CUI Programme. All trademarks are the property of their respective companies. Microsoft and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. © Microsoft Corporation 2010. All rights reserved. Disclaimer At the time of writing this document, Web sites are referenced using active hyperlinks to the correct Web page. Due to the dynamic nature of Web sites, in time, these links may become invalid. Microsoft is not responsible for the content of external Internet sites. Page ii Active Directory – Design Guide Prepared by Microsoft, Version 2.0.0.0 Last modified on 26 February 2010 Prepared by Microsoft TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................2 2.1 2.2 Value Proposition ......................................................................................................................2 Knowledge Prerequisites...
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...CCEA ICT Contents [hide] * 1 Complete ICT Revision Guide (CCEA) * 2 Knowledge of ICT Components * 3 INPUT DEVICES * 4 OUTPUT DEVICES * 5 STORAGE DEVICES * 6 INFORMATION AND DATA * 7 DATA STRUCTURE * 8 DATA CHECKING * 9 DATA PORTABILITY * 10 DATA NETWORKS * 11 INTERNET, INTRANET AND WWW * 12 TRANSMISSION, BACKUP, TELECONFERENCING * 13 APPLICATIONS * 14 SOFTWARE PACKAGES * 15 VIRTUAL REALITY IN TRAINING, ENTERTAINMENT * 16 COMPUTERS IN CONTROL (REAL TIME) * 17 ON-LINE SERVICES * 18 SECURITY AND PRIVACY OF DATA * 19 HEALTH AND SOCIAL ISSUES * 20 EMPLOYMENT * 21 ICT IN MUSIC, LEISURE, ENTERTAINMENT | ------------------------------------------------- Knowledge of ICT Components 1. DIGITAL : • Discrete values or binary digit 2. PROCESSOR: • Control center of the computer 3. RAM:- • Volatile (temporary storage), working storage, holds programmes currently in use, • Used for writing to and reading. • Measured in gigabytes 4. ROM:- • Instructions computer needs to start, • Non-volatile (permanent storage), can’t be changed, only read • Stores the Boot up/Start up program for the PC START UP STEPS:- • Power up • Read ROM chip • Connect all in and output devices • Load DOS from hard drive. • Load windows from hard drive 5. CACHE:- • Temporary storage, • Stores most frequently used instructions, • Is RAM memory that the computer microprocessor can access more quickly. • Volatile (128kb-512kb). 6. DOS:- Disk Operating System, 7. GUI:-...
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...1. What is the Internet of Everything (IoE)? The Internet has evolved in ways that we could never have imagined. In the beginning, advancements occurred slowly. Today, innovation and communication are happening at a remarkable rate. a. Evolution of Internet The evolution of the Internet has witnessed four distinct phases. Each phase has a more profound effect on business and society than the phase before. Four Phases of the Internet * Phase 1 (Connectivity) The first phase started over 20 years ago and is referred to as “Connectivity”. Email, web browsing and searching for content was just beginning. Digitize Access to Information: * Email * Web Browser * Search * Phase 2 (Networked Economy) The second phase started in the late 1990s and was the “Networked Economy” phase. This was the birth of e-commerce and digitally connected supply chains. It changed the way we shopped and how companies reached new markets. Digitize Business Process: * E-commerce * Digital Supply Chain * Collaboration * Phase 3 (Collaborative Experiences) The third phase started in the early 2000s and is known as the “Collaborative Experiences” phase. This phase is dominated by widespread use of social media, mobility, video, and Cloud computing. This phase completely transformed the world of work. Digitize Interactions (Business & Social): * Social * Mobility * Cloud * Video * Phase 4 (Internet of Everything) The current...
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...is Our Guide” [pic] DEPARTMENT OF Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN WiMAX Author Md.Masud Hasan Roll No.054005 Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Supervised by Md.Delwar Hossain Head Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All praises to ALLAH, the cherisher and the sustainer of the universe, the most gracious and the most merciful, who bestowed me with health and abilities to complete this thesis successfully. This thesis means to me far more than a honours degree requirement as my knowledge was significantly enhanced during the course of its research and implementation. I am especially thankful to the Faculty and Staff of Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh, that have always been a source of motivation for me and supported me tremendously during this thesis...
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...store energy from renewable energy source in DC form which can be converted to AC power by using power inverter. Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) technique may be used to control output rms voltage of the inverter. As the load is variable, the power consumed by the load (PL) may be smaller than the power generated from the renewable energy source (PR). Therefore a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controller may be used to supply the additional power (PR – PL) from the renewable energy source to the grid. On the other hand if the power consumed by the load (PL) is greater than the power generated from the renewable energy source (PR) therefore the same FACTS controller may be used to absorb the additional power (PR – PL) from the grid to the load. In this case the FACTS controller must allow bi-directional power flow. If all the active houses are connected to the grid in the same way (proposed way), the active houses that generate more power than the load can be supplied to the active houses that generate less power than the load. Therefore a suitable FACTS controller should be designed in such a way that it can control the power flow in both directions. The idea is illustrated in the following figure. 1.2 Objectives: • Study on different FACTS controllers • Study on different renewable energy sources • Study on different energy storage devices • Study on different types of inverters ...
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...NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SILCHAR Bachelor of Technology Programmes amï´>r¶ JH$s g§ñWmZ, m¡Úmo{ à VO o pñ Vw dZ m dY r V ‘ ñ Syllabi and Regulations for Undergraduate PROGRAMME OF STUDY (wef 2012 entry batch) Ma {gb Course Structure for B.Tech (4years, 8 Semester Course) Civil Engineering ( to be applicable from 2012 entry batch onwards) Course No CH-1101 /PH-1101 EE-1101 MA-1101 CE-1101 HS-1101 CH-1111 /PH-1111 ME-1111 Course Name Semester-1 Chemistry/Physics Basic Electrical Engineering Mathematics-I Engineering Graphics Communication Skills Chemistry/Physics Laboratory Workshop Physical Training-I NCC/NSO/NSS L 3 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 13 T 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 P 0 0 0 3 0 2 3 2 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 6 0 0 8 2 C 8 6 8 5 6 2 3 0 0 38 8 8 8 8 6 2 0 0 40 8 8 6 6 6 2 2 2 40 6 6 8 2 Course No EC-1101 CS-1101 MA-1102 ME-1101 PH-1101/ CH-1101 CS-1111 EE-1111 PH-1111/ CH-1111 Course Name Semester-2 Basic Electronics Introduction to Computing Mathematics-II Engineering Mechanics Physics/Chemistry Computing Laboratory Electrical Science Laboratory Physics/Chemistry Laboratory Physical Training –II NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-4 Structural Analysis-I Hydraulics Environmental Engg-I Structural Design-I Managerial Economics Engg. Geology Laboratory Hydraulics Laboratory Physical Training-IV NCC/NSO/NSS Semester-6 Structural Design-II Structural Analysis-III Foundation Engineering Transportation Engineering-II Hydrology &Flood...
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...3G Unit-1: GPRS & EDGE General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a mobile data service available to users of GSM mobile phones. It is often described as "2.5G", that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony. It provides moderate speed data transfer, by using unused TDMA channels in the GSM network. Originally there was some thought to extend GPRS to cover other standards, but instead those networks are being converted to use the GSM standard, so that is the only kind of network where GPRS is in use. GPRS is integrated into GSM standards releases starting with Release 97 and onwards. First it was standardised by ETSI but now that effort has been handed onto the 3GPP. GPRS is different from the older Circuit Switched Data (or CSD) connection included in GSM standards releases before Release 97 (from 1997, the year the standard was feature frozen). In CSD, a data connection establishes a circuit, and reserves the full bandwidth of that circuit during the lifetime of the connection. GPRS is packet-switched which means that multiple users share the same transmission channel, only transmitting when they have data to send. This means that the total available bandwidth can be immediately dedicated to those users who are actually sending at any given moment, providing higher utilization where users only send or receive data intermittently. Web browsing, receiving e-mails as they arrive and instant...
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...VOICE, VIDEO, AND DATA NETWORK CONVERGENCE VOICE, VIDEO, AND DATA NETWORK CONVERGENCE ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN, FROM VOIP TO WIRELESS JUANITA ELLIS CHARLES PURSELL JOY RAHMAN Amsterdam Boston London New York Oxford San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo Paris San Diego This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Explicit permission from Academic Press is not required to reproduce a maximum of two figures or tables from an Academic Press chapter in another scientific or research publication provided that the material has not been credited to another source and that full credit to the Academic Press chapter is given. Academic Press An imprint of Elsevier Science 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR...
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...to Computer Concepts History of Computer * Often referred to the different generations of computing devices. * The circuitry is smaller and more advanced than previous generation. * First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes * Often enormous, very expensive, use a great deal of electricity and generate a lot of heat. * E.g., UNIVAC, ENIAC * Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors * Computers are smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable. * Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated Circuits * Miniaturized Transistors were placed on silicon chips called semiconductors. * Increased speed and efficiency. * Fourth Generation - 1971-Present: Microprocessors * Thousands of Integrated Circuits (IC) were onto a silicon chip. * Computers are more powerful and linked to networks. * Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial Intelligence * Uses parallel processing, quantum computation and nano-technology. * Respond to natural language input and capable of learning and self-organization. Computer Literacy * Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses. Computer * An electronic device that transform input into output. Information Processing Cycle * Is a series of Input, Process, Output and Storage. Components of a Computer * Input, Process, Output, Storage and Communication Computer Systems * It has data inputs, processes that transform data into output that...
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...Kommunikationsnetze Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Eberspächer Master’s Thesis Parameter Optimization for 3G Cellular Networks Author: Matriculation Number: Address: Email Address: Supervisors: Begin: End: TOH, Kok Liang 2706603 Felsennelkenanger 7, App S402 80937 München Deutschland tk_liang@hotmail.com Mr. Roger Abou Jaoude (LKN) Dr.-Ing. Christian Hartmann (LKN) 01. April 2006 01. October 2006 ii Abstract Parameter optimization, such as antenna tilting and CPICH power, can be used to adapt the traffic capacity of 3G systems to traffic demands which are varying in the space and time dimensions. The goal of this thesis is to investigate how parameter optimization can be implemented, both in the 3G cellular system’s initial planning stage to optimize the network for CAPEX saving as well as after the deployment of the network, to increase the capacity of the system. For this purpose, appropriate models, including the space and time domain dynamics of the traffic modeling the moving hotspot characteristics, have been integrated into a system simulation tool. Meta-heuristics techniques such as Tabu Search and Simulated Annealing have been implemented to solve this NP-hard problem. Results show that the existence of optimal configurations can have an achievable capacity gain of more than 30%. iii Acknowledgements This Master Thesis would not have been possible without the support of many people. I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Roger...
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