... Nowadays, computers are very common in a household. Computers are very advantageous which actually has unlimited capabilities; in seeking a certain information, for recreation, for entertainment purposes and many other uses. But despite those infinite uses of computers, some say that computers cause detrimental effects to those who are exposed to its radiation. Radiation, in Physics, it is defined as the process of transmitting energy through space. There are two types of radiation exposure—82% is from natural resources such as cosmic and solar rays and 18% of the exposure is from man-made radiation. Radiation injures the body by destroying cells and parts of cells. It hinders cells from dividing which gives rise to cells which does not have the ability to reproduce. The reason why the researchers have chosen this topic is to stress out the hazardous effects of computer radiation.Long-term exposure to radiation increases the risk of all forms of cancer, tumors, blood disorders, miscarriage, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, aging of the skin, skin burn, etc. Radiation exposure over time can cause skin burn, dry wrinkled skin and photo aging. This skin damage is identical to sun damage and causes the same health problems. Many electronic products that we use on a daily basis expose us to harmful radiation. A television, microwave oven, cellular phone and computer are examples of products that emit radiation. To preserve...
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...turn into a special form of energy. This is, however, only triggered by certain radiation. This radiation is that of Apricorns, those nut-like fruits people made Pokéballs out of in ancient times. The inside of an Apricorn's shell contains energy drainers, a sort of biological energy black holes - they let out that certain radiation and they can suck energy in to their centers. Those are there to protect the Apricorns from Pokémon that might want to eat them in a very effective way - a Pokémon that cracks the shell of an Apricorn will be hit by the radiation, turn into energy, and be sucked towards the Apricorn. This can imprison smaller Pokémon inside forever - which additionally provides the Apricorn with more power to suck in more Pokémon - or if it is a powerful Pokémon, it would feel dizzy and perhaps decide the Apricorn is not good to eat. If a Pokémon actually eats the Apricorn, however, it dies and the energy drainers release the energy they contained. Different types of Apricorns, targeted as food for different kinds of Pokémon, contain different kinds of energy drainers which suck in different types of energy - usually some form which is dominant in some Pokémon and not others (such as Water Pokémon, fast Pokémon, heavy Pokémon, etc.). All Apricorns contain some drainers for all variations, though, so they can all catch anything that is weak enough. Humans also react to the radiation from the Apricorns, but are nowhere near as unstable as Pokémon and only long-term...
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...powerful and fast growing, that an aggressive approach is the only way to remove it. Unfortunately, this approach can also lead to destruction of the normal cells, tissues, and organs. Radiation therapy is a treatment that delivers high doses of radiation to a tumor or an area of cancer cells in order to shrink the tumor or eliminate it completely. When cells are exposed to high-energy radiation, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is targeted and damaged. Once that DNA is damaged beyond repair, the cells either stop dividing, or die off completely. To prevent healthy cells from being targeted, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) has been implemented into the treatment plan for some patients. IGRT utilizes positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) to obtain images of the area where the tumor or cancer is located (National Cancer Institute). These images are obtained before every treatment session so that the exact location of the cancer can be identified and targeted. These...
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...Atomic Spectra Prediction Neon will have the most spectral lines because it has high intensity of light present and because it has a full outer valence. Observe Element | # of spectra lines and colours | Missing | Hydrogen | Violet(1), red(1), blue(1) | Yellow, green, orange, purple | Neon | Yellow(1), orange (2), green(2), red(3) | Purple, blue | Mercury | Purple (1), green(1), orange (1) | Yellow, red, blue | Helium | Blue(2), green(2), orange(1), red(1) | Yellow, purple | Nitrogen | ROYGBIV (all colours) | | Nitrogen had the most spectra lines. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including light, radio waves, and X-rays. The Bohr-model would help us to determine which had the most spectra lines and colours because the colour of the lights is related to the lights energy. Light is absorbed when electrons jump down or up from one energy level to another, adding energy to an electron will cause it to get excited and move out to a higher energy level-the more energy that you add to the atom, the farther the electron will go. Bohr Rutherford’s experiments from that past have stated that electrons would be able to absorb and later release energy through colours of light. When this energy that comes out of the atoms falls towards the nucleus it releases energy in the process, this energy that falls towards the nucleus appears as light. Permitted energy levels are unique to all elements...
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...1) There are five steps involved in an ethical analysis. The first is identifying and clearly describing the facts, which will be used to help define the solution. Second, you must define the conflict and identify the higher-order values involved. This is because the parties usually claim during a dispute they are all pursuing higher values. Third, stakeholders should be identified so you can figure out what they want, which might also be used later when figuring out a solution. Fourth, you must identify the options that you can reasonably take, even though this may not satisfy all the stakeholders. Finally, you must identify the potential consequences of your actions. This would include looking at the consequences from various points of views. There are also six ethical principles that can be used to help. One principle is called the Golden Rule, which is to do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Another principle is Descartes’ Rule of Change. This principle states that if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all. Another principle would be the Risk Aversion Principle. This one says you should take the action that produces the least harm or least potential cost. There is also Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative, which first has you evaluate the action. If the action is not right for everyone to take, then it is not the right one to take at all. Another principle would be the Utilitarian Principle, which says that one should do the action...
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... radio frequency Cellular Phones Do Not Cause Brain Cancer Cellular phones became widely popular in the early 1990’s and have become a mainstream necessity to most people today. Many people now use cellular phones as their primary or only form of communication with most households abandoning traditional landline telephony. Technology has also evolved at such a tremendous pace that the majority now uses cellular devices as not only phones, but as computers as well. With the increased demand and the ability for manufacturers to reduce costs, these devices have also become more accessible and important to people of all ages, with the majority of users “in the age range of 18 to 49” (Anderson, 2015). As of 2014, “it is estimated that there are almost as many cell-phone subscriptions (6.8 billion) as there are people on this earth (seven billion) – and it took a little more than 20 years for that to happen” (Chen, 2014). Since the development of cell phones, there has been controversy surrounding whether or not the radiation emitted by these devices cause brain cancer. Multiple studies from around the world have repeatedly discredited...
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...To calculate the Time Constant we use T = RC To calculate the Time Constant we use T = RC Example of circuit used for testing capacitor charge and discharge. Example of circuit used for testing capacitor charge and discharge. Capacitors discharge exponentially, the rate of discharge is known as the time constant Capacitors discharge exponentially, the rate of discharge is known as the time constant We can also use similar equations to calculate the Voltage or Current at any point We can also use similar equations to calculate the Voltage or Current at any point When the equation is compared with y =mx+c m = 1/RC & C = ln Io When the equation is compared with y =mx+c m = 1/RC & C = ln Io To calculate the charge left on a capacitor at any point we use this equation. To calculate the charge left on a capacitor at any point we use this equation. Capacitor Discharge Capacitor Discharge When the switch is at A the capacitor charges exponentially up to a point where the capacitor cannot hold anymore electrons When the switch is at A the capacitor charges exponentially up to a point where the capacitor cannot hold anymore electrons When 2 Pendulums are suspended from the same piece of string when one pendulum is displaced it can transfer energy to the other pendulum causing it to swing When 2 Pendulums are suspended from the same piece of string when one pendulum is displaced it can transfer energy to the other pendulum...
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...for decades to help doctors view the inside of the body without having to make an incision.”() Bone is living tissue. It consists of cells, blood vessels, connective tissue, proteins, and fibers, as well as minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Bones break when they are extreme force or stress. X-rays of the injured area usually confirm the diagnosis of a broken bone. This is the most common way to evaluate a fracture, which provides clear images of the bone. The doctor will most likely use an x-ray to verify the diagnosis. They can show whether a bone is intact or broken. They can also show the type of fracture and exactly where it is located within the bone. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, as are radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation and microwaves. One of the most common and...
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...Electrical and Computer Engineering | Programme | B. Engg (Communications Engineering) | Name of Course / Mode | Antennas and Wave Propagation | Course Code | ECE 4126 | Name (s) of Academic staff / Instructor(s) | Md. Rafiqul Islam | Rationale for the inclusion of the course / module in the programme | Required course for Communications Engineering Programme | Semester and Year Offered | Every semester | Status | Core | Level | 4 | Proposed Start Date | Semester 1, 2014-2015 | Batch of Student to be Affected | | Total Student Learning Time (SLT) | Face to Face | Assessments | Independent Learning | Total Student Learning Time | Lecture | | Discussion | Midterm | Quizzes | Assignment | Final | | | 42 | | | 2 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 63 | 124 | | Credit Value / Hours | 3/124 | Pre-requisites (if any) | ECE 3225 | Co-requisites (if any) | None | Course Objectives | The objectives of this course are to: 1. To develop a good understanding of the Antenna, its radiations, gain and other characteristics. 2. To expose the students for the design and application of commonly used antennas as well as special type of antennas. 3. To develop a basic understanding of the characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation and its applications as a foundation for radio communication engineering. | Learning Outcomes | Upon completion of this course, students should be able to: 1. Analyze field patterns, directivity and radiation resistances...
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...CH. 12 1. Transmission – Conductive connect6ions between system elements that carry signal power. 2. CAT6/5e – Category 5e computer networking cable capable of handling a 1000MHz bandwidth up to a length of 100m. 3. RJ-45 – the four pair termination commonly used for terminating CAT6/5e cable. 4. Attenuation – amount of loss in the signal strength as it propagates down a wire. 5. Near-end Crosswalk – measure of the level of crosstalk or signal coupling within the cable, with a high NEXT (db) value being desirable. 6. Crosstalk – Unwanted coupling caused by overlapping electric and magnetic fields. 7. ACR – combined measurement of attenuation and crosstalk; a large ACR indicates greater bandwidth. 8. Delay Skew – measure of the difference in time for the fastest ti the slowest wire pair in a UTP cable. 9. Power-Sum next testing – measures the total crosstalk of all the cable pairs to ensure that the cable can carry data traffic on all four pairs at the same time with minimal interference. 10. Return loss – measure of the ratio of power transmitted into a cable to the amount of power returned or reflected. 11. Unbalanced line – electrical signal in a coaxial line is carried by the center conductor with respect to the grounded outer conductor. 12. Balanced line – same current flows in each wire 180 degrees out of phase. 13. Common mode rejection – when signals are 180 degrees out of phase cancel each other out. 14. Baluns – circuits that convert between balanced and...
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...When Radiation therapy Kills? Case Study Mar, 5, 2012 Submitted To: DR. Hassan M. Selim Prepared by: Group 4 Khaled Al Qubaisi Waleed Al Zaabi Ali Al Tamimi Mohamed Al Jefri Summary The new radiation therapy comes with high expected from manufacturers, doctors and technicians a long with the hospitals and state oversight agencies to cure people illness from cancers; however, what if these complex machines show the negative impact of technology and its power to kill people and steal the hope of having a healthy life! Also, in many cases, low software design, poor human – machine interfaces and lack proper training are other reasons of hospital failing to cure people who have cancer. This case study illustrates how bad radiation therapy machines are and the carelessness of technicians using these machines; both cause people death. Some examples regarding the awry of radiation treatment are the death of Scott Jerome-Parks and Jn-Charles. Jerome-Parks has tongue cancer and after getting dosages of radiation, his illness becomes worse. This is because of machine malfunctions and technicians error in using it. What has happened to him is that his brain and neck has exposed to a big amount of the radiation because of a computer error as technician uses the new multi-leaf collimator. As a result, he has deafness, near blindness, teeth falling out and difficulty in breathing and eventually he died. The other patient, Jn-Charles, was having aggressive breast cancer and...
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...reactors, causing a nuclear accident on 11 March 2011. (http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/fukushima_accident_inf129.html) What is radiation and how it damage people. Radiation may be defined as energy traveling through space. Non-ionizing radiation is essential to life, but excessive exposures will cause tissue damage. All forms of ionizing radiation have sufficient energy to ionize atoms that may destabilize molecules within cells and lead to tissue damage. (http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/food/foodsafety/the-nuclear-accident-in-japan/) History of radiation Japanese radiation generation How radiation influence the agricultural When a nuclear power plant releases radiation, many foods and edible plants can absorb radioactive particles, which can be toxic to humans. Fuel rods that are exposed to the atmosphere may release iodine, which can be carried by the wind and end up on grass and plants. Read more: Nuclear Radiation Effects on Plants | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_8195801_nuclear-radiation-effects-plants.html#ixzz2KdNfqMPO Influence area Radiation can transport by cloud and water. ( http://www.socialintensity.org/) Japan radiation map. (Base on the wind and water, then compare with the map which published by japan media) How radiation food harm people Radioactive particles accumulate in the body and continue to release radiation. This may lead to changes in the molecular structure of the cells and has been linked to cancer....
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...Christopher Belleau Mr. Holz GS1140 3/26/2014 Infrared Technology Infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by astronomer William Herschel, who discovered a type of invisible radiation in the light spectrum beyond red light (infra Latin means "under"), by means of its effect upon a thermometer. Infrared light is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light. Much of the enegery from the sun arrives on earth as infrared radiation. Infrared light is used in industrial, scientific, medical, and consumer applications. For years we have used the same basic design for our keyboards. But with the recent explosion of smartphones the keyboard needed an update. Now we have laser projected key boards. The laser key board is a simple keyboard that is projected onto any flat service using a red laser. The amazing part is the new IR laser diode that projects a thin plane of IR light. This light is invisible and rests just millimeters above the keyboard projection. When you type you pass your fingers through the IR light. While you are passing through the IR a CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor) images your fingers position and a VIPC (virtual interface processing core) analyzes the location of your finger and sends the info to your computer. While this technology may not revolutionize the world…it very well could change our everyday life. This technology is being integrated into smart phones and other technology we use every day. The QWERTY...
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...medical use is increasing rapidly, and radiation therapy is one of the most widely used technologies. Doctors and hospitals monitor, diagnose, and treat diseases and metabolic processes in humans by using a variety of nuclear materials and technologies. The research indicates that the radiotherapy plays an really important role in the area of medicine. But what is the physics theory behind it? And what is the concept of the technology? When particles are emitted from nuclei, the nucleus will experience the intense conflict between the two strongest forces in nature (strong nuclear force and electromagnetic force), then many nuclear isotopes will become unstable and emit radiation;...
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...tube became a lighter shade of reddish pink. The reason to this was because I needed to determine the wavelength and absorption of the colored solution in each solution. The absorption spectrum(absorption spectra) is used to measure the absorption of radiation as a frequency or wavelength due to the interaction of the substance with the sample. It is used as tool to determine the presence of a particular substance and the quantity of the substance present in the sample or samples, as in this case I have 5 test tubes. The absorption spectrum for cobalt(II)chloride with the color red has a wavelength of 680nm(nanometers). This means that the solution did not absorb a lot of the color red. From the graph we can see that green was absorbed the most which had a maximum wavelength of 551nm(nanometers). Since the green was mostly absorbed, it was not reflected through the sample when hit with light. The absorbance of the cobalt(II)chloride is found first because with that we are able to find out the concentration level by using the formula M1V1=M2V2. For each test tube the concentration levels were different since they each had varying dilutions. After finding the concentration for all 5 test tubes we used logger pro on the computer to create a beer’s law graph. Logger pro then...
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