...Computer The word'computer ' is an old word that has changed its meaning several times in the last few centuries.The Techencyclopedia(2003) defines computer as " a general purpose machine that processes data according to a set of instructions that are stored internally either temorarily or permanently" Computer history The trem history means past events.It indicates the gradual development of computers.Here we will discuss how this extraordinary machine has reached of it's apex. In the begining............................... The history of computers starts out about 2000 years ago, at the birth of the 'abacus' a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with breads strung on them.Just like our present computer,abacus also considered a digit as a singal or codeo and processed the calculation. Blasie Pascal ists usually credited to building the first digital computer in 1942.It added numbers to help his father.In 1671,Gottofried Wilhelm Von Leibniz invented a computer that was built in 1694.It could add,and, after changing somethings around,multiply. Charles Babbage: A serious of very intersting developement in computer was started in Cambridge,England,by Charles Babbage, a mathmatics proffessor.In 1982,Babbge realized that many lng calculations,espically those need to make mathematical tabes ,were really a series of predictable actions that were constantly repated.From this he suspected that it should...
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...Computer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Computer (disambiguation). "Computer technology" redirects here. For the company, see Computer Technology Limited. A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. Conventionally a computer consists of some form of memory for data storage, at least one element that carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control element that can change the order of operations based on the information that is stored. Peripheral devices allow information to be entered from external source, and allow the results of operations to be sent out. A computer's processing unit executes series of instructions that make it read, manipulate and then store data. Conditional instructions change the sequence of instructions as a function of the current state of the machine or its environment. The first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs).[1] Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space.[2] Simple computers...
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...A proxy server is a computer that acts as an intermediary between the users computer and the Internet. It allows client computers to make indirect network connections to other network services. If use proxy server, client computers will first connect to the proxy server, requesting some resources like web pages, games, videos, mp3, e-books, any other resources which are available from various servers over Internet. As soon as getting such request, the proxy server will seek for the resources from the cache in its local hard disk. If the resources have been cached before, the proxy server will return them to the client computers. If not cached, it will connect to the relevant servers and request the resources on behalf of the client computers. Then it caches resources from the remote servers, and returns subsequent requests for the same content directly Functions of a proxy server * Help improve web performance by storing a copy of frequently used webpages * Help improve security by filtering out some web content and malicious software * Content filtering * Spying * To keep machines behind it anonymous (mainly for security). * To speed up access to resources (using caching). Web proxies are commonly used to cache web pages from a web server. * To apply access policy to network services or content, e.g. to block undesired sites. * To log / audit usage, i.e. to provide company employee Internet usage reporting. * To bypass security/ parental...
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...ages before, when there were no computers or any other technologies. So much we have advanced that now every information is just a click away and is in your hands 24/7. All this advancement was possible only with the introduction of a small device called the “Computer”. Computers Image Curtsey: csntrust.org.nz/attachments/Image/PC-picture-1.jpg?1367216528141 Basically, computer is a device that accepts the message by the imputer and processes this message and stores the information at the storage devices and later gives an output of the message through the output devices. A simple explanation of the computer. Normally, a computer consists of a processing unit called the Central Processing Unit or the CPU and a form of memory. In the years between 1940 and 1945 were the first electronic digital computers developed. The initial sizes were as big as a room and consumed power as much as today’s personal computers. Initially, computer was related to a person who carries out calculations or computations and as such the word computer was evolved in 1613 and continued till the end of 19th century. Later it as re-described as a machine that carries computations. The early computers were limited in their functions. It was the fusion of automatic calculation and programmability that produced the first computers that were recognized in 1837. Charles Babbage in 1837 was the first to introduce and design a fully programmed mechanical computer, his analytical engine. Due to limited...
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...Assembly Language Programming Lecture Notes Delivered by Belal Hashmi Compiled by Junaid Haroon Preface Assembly language programming develops a very basic and low level understanding of the computer. In higher level languages there is a distance between the computer and the programmer. This is because higher level languages are designed to be closer and friendlier to the programmer, thereby creating distance with the machine. This distance is covered by translators called compilers and interpreters. The aim of programming in assembly language is to bypass these intermediates and talk directly with the computer. There is a general impression that assembly language programming is a difficult chore and not everyone is capable enough to understand it. The reality is in contrast, as assembly language is a very simple subject. The wrong impression is created because it is very difficult to realize that the real computer can be so simple. Assembly language programming gives a freehand exposure to the computer and lets the programmer talk with it in its language. The only translator that remains between the programmer and the computer is there to symbolize the computer’s numeric world for the ease of remembering. To cover the practical aspects of assembly language programming, IBM PC based on Intel architecture will be used as an example. However this course will not be tied to a particular architecture as it is often done. In our view such an approach...
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...new releases and upgrades are made available from time to time. The database administrator will be aware of any new versions or upgrades to existing versions that could improve the efficiency of a currently installed database. In some circumstances database administrators are authorized to upload free upgrades and install them. In the event that a new version is available, the administrator will check with others in the company to determine if the cost of replacing the existing database software is worth the investment. Earnings for this job as of 2012 median of $77,080 per year and about $37.06 per hour, but the earnings can reach up to about $118,720; in the top 10 percent. Entry level education for this job is a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information science, or management information systems. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 15.1 percent growth of employment for database administrators;...
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...What is Computer : Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with Information.The term computer is derived from the Latin term ‘computare’, this means to calculate.Computer can not do anything without a Program.it represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. The Word 'Computer'usually refers to the Center Processor Unit plus Internal memory. Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.The basic components of a modern digital computer are: Input Device,Output Device,Central Processor. A Typical modern computer uses LSI Chips. Charles Babbage is called the "Grand Father" of the computer.The First mechanical computer designed by charles Babbage was called Analytical Engine. It uses read-only memory in the form of punch cards. Four Functions about computer are: accepts data | Input | processes data | Processing | produces output | Output | stores results | Storage | Input (Data): Input is the raw information entered into a computer from the input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc. Process: Process is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally internal process of the computer system. Output: Output...
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...The History of Computers From primitive abaci to lab tops and calculators, the computer has evolved through time to become the essential part of our technocratic society. The development of the computer has shaped the way technology and science is viewed in different cultures around the world. The connotation of what a computer is nowadays brings to mind a monitor, keyboard, processor and its other electronic components; however, that is not how things have always been. From the Chinese using abaci to count, to the Druids' usage of stones to follow the seasonal changes, to the Europeans using Pascalines and calculators to work out mathematical problems the concept of the computer has been around for hundreds of years (Hoyle). Therefore, the history of computers is important to observe not only for the influence it brought to our culture, but the progress it has made through time. The history of modern computers has been influenced by the earlier advancement of primordial technology. The abacus developed in circa 500 B.C for example, used pebbles, rocks, beads, or shells to keep track of the counters numbers. Furthermore, "the abacus was man's first attempt at automating the counting process" (Hoyle). In addition, the Pascaline, invented and built by a French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal, was the first mathematical adding machine (Long 54). The Pascaline was a gear-driven machine that allowed the user to calculate answers without doing arithmetic (Hoyle). In...
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...Computer A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format. A computer can process data, pictures, sound and graphics. They can solve highly complicated problems quickly and accurately. Block Diagram Input Unit: Computers need to receive data and instruction in order to solve any problem. Therefore we need to input the data and instructions into the computers. The input unit consists of one or more input devices. Keyboard is the one of the most commonly used input device. Other commonly used input devices are the mouse, floppy disk drive, magnetic tape, etc. All the input devices perform the following functions. Accept the data and instructions from the outside world. Convert it to a form that the computer can understand. Supply the converted data to the computer system for further processing. Storage Unit: The storage unit of the computer holds data and instructions that are entered through the input unit, before they are processed. It preserves the intermediate and final results before these are sent to the output devices. It also saves the data for the later use. Memory Size: All digital computers use the binary system, i.e. 0’s and 1’s. Each character or a number is represented by an 8 bit code. The set of 8 bits is called a byte. A character occupies 1 byte space. A numeric occupies 2 byte space. Byte is the space occupied in the memory. The size of the primary storage...
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...COMPUTER HARDWARE AND COMPONENTS COMPUTER HARDWARE AND COMPONENTS Computer Basics Equipment (Hardware) COMPUTER | A machine that processes information and performs computations. | Tower or Desktop | The "box" or case that holds the parts that make up a computer: CPU, hard disk drive, floppy drive, memory chips, power supply, interface cards, etc. Click here to learn more. | | CPU | Central Processing Unit, or "brains" of the computer | Monitor | An output display device (looks similar to a TV) in a computer system. You see information on the monitor's screen. | | Screen | The viewing area on a monitor or the information or image displayed. | | | | Disk Drive | A device that reads data from (input) or records data onto a disk for storage (output). | Floppy | Floppy Drive | . 3-1/2" Floppy Disk | Hard Drive | The main device that a computer uses to store information. Most computers come with a hard drive, called drive C, located inside the computer case. | CD-ROM | ROM means Read-Only-Memory - you can only "read" information, not save. A CD can store a large amount of data including documents, photographs, software, and music (about 20 songs) | | CD Drive | Compact Disk | | CD-R A CD-Recordable drive can put data onto a disk in just one session, and then is "closed" - one "burn" only - you can't add to it after you create it. | CD-RW A CD-ReWritable drive can be written onto more than once - similar...
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...(introduction) What is a Computer? B. History of computers C. (thesis) Types of computer 4.1 Supercomputer 4.2 Mainframe 4.3 Workstation 4.4 The Personal Computer or PC 4.5 Microcontroller 4.6 Server D. Hardware & software 5.7 hardware 5.8 software 5.9 firmware E. Basic operations 6.10 input 6.11 output 6.12 processing 6.13 storage F. Names for different sizes of data 7.14 Bit 7.15 Byte 7.16 kB 7.17 MB 7.18 GB 7.19 TB 7.20 PB G. Measurement of data speed 8.21 Mbps 8.22 Gbps H. Purpose of computer 9.23 performing calculations 9.24 storing data 9.25 retrieving data 9.26 processing data INTRODUCTION: WHAT COMPUTER IS? I. What is computer? A computer is a "box" that you put some "stuff" in, the box does "stuff" with it, and then the box has some way of showing the world what it's done. The stuff you put into a computer is called data, and gets into the computer using the input. Data is simply a form of information. You can put data into a computer by your keyboard, a mouse, a trackpad, a camera, an infrared sensor; anything that will give the computer more information about the world around it. Based on what information the computer has gotten, it can decide to do stuff with it. What the computer does with information is known as processing. A computer will process information...
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...types of computers, the computers are classified according to their functions and capabilities, as: Sample essay analysis ... Types of Computers - College Essay - Scodger - StudyMode.com www.studymode.com › ... › Computers & Internet › Computer Hardware Types of computers. Firstly, what is a computer? Well, a modern computer is typically an electronic or digital device that manipulates data. Computers can ... Types of Computers - Term Papers - Maliktaimurarif www.termpaperwarehouse.com › Computers and Technology May 9, 2012 - Read this essay on Types of Computers . Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. Get the knowledge you need in ... History of Computers Essay - Custom Writing Service www.customwritings.com/blog/...essays/history-computers-essay.html You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on History of Computers topics at our professional custom essay writing service ... Computer Technology Essay - Custom Writing Service www.customwritings.com/blog/...essays/computer-technology-essay.html Free sample essay on Computer Technology: Since the beginning of time ... Computers play a significant role in the school system as well. ... Categories. Essay of computer and its uses - WikiAnswers wiki.answers.com › ... › Categories › Technology › Computers ... Categories > Technology > Computers > Essay of computer and its uses? ... computer is a...
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...Computers Today’s generation could never ever imagine in their wildest dreams about the world, ages before, when there were no computers or any other technologies. So much we have advanced that now every information is just a click away and is in your hands 24/7. All this advancement was possible only with the introduction of a small device called the “Computer”. Basically, computer is a device that accepts the message by the imputer and processes this message and stores the information at the storage devices and later gives an output of the message through the output devices. A simple explanation of the computer. Normally, a computer consists of a processing unit called the Central Processing Unit or the CPU and a form of memory. In the years between 1940 and 1945 were the first electronic digital computers developed. The initial sizes were as big as a room and consumed power as much as today’s personal computers. Initially, computer was related to a person who carries out calculations or computations and as such the word computer was evolved in 1613 and continued till the end of 19thcentury. Later it as re-described as a machine that carries computations. The early computers were limited in their functions. It was the fusion of automatic calculation and programmability that produced the first computers that were recognized in 1837. Charles Babbage in 1837 was the first to introduce and design a fully programmed mechanical computer, his analytical engine. Due to limited finances...
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...The computer is the most wonderful gift of science to the modern man. The computer can do all the works of man. Thus, after the invention of computer, the gap between man and machine has been bridged up. The dictionary meaning of the word "Computer" is an electronic calculating machine. It is derived from the word compute which means to reckon. But the function of the computer has expanded beyond the act of reckoning. Though a machine, it contains and provides innumerable information's and artificial intelligence of a very high order. It may seem strange, but it is true that the memory and intelligence of a computer can surpass those of a living human being. The mechanism of the computer is very simple. Information processing is the essence of computing. It is a data based machine. The data is fed into the machine. The machine is manipulated and then the due information is retrieved. Computer was invented due to the pressures of World War-II which witnessed the use of such sophisticated weapons as night bombers, submarines, and long range guns on ships and tanks, etc. The defenders have to fight back by shooting at targets and those targets of the enemy can be located by radar. Radar can inform not only about the location of the enemy but also about the direction and the speed of the enemy weapons. Detailed mathematical calculations are necessary to find out these things accurately. Firing tables are required by the front line soldiers. Thus the necessity of calculations...
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...cyberspace, those without computer access are finding themselves segregated from the rest of the digital world. It can be argued that because of the technological demand on today’s society, literacy in technology has become an essential skill for success in today’s society. The basics of computing skills must be supplemented with a set of both cognitive and technical skills, in order to lead to a more universal participation in a technological reliant society. Schools are not sufficiently training teachers; and teachers are not adjusting the curriculum to meet the growing needs of advancing technologies. There is no prevailing standard for what constitutes as fluency and government officials have taken a sluggish approach to equip citizens with the skills and information needed to access government services; especially since governments and businesses move more of their information services exclusively online. Governmental leadership is lagging in bringing society into the information age. Many of the schools throughout the United States are so substandard that a major overhaul is required to provide students with an adequate education. The current policy, which provides computers and other related hardware but not the necessary training for students and teachers, furthers the inefficient use of resources. The government’s use of technology to provide, exclusive, online services causes a major issue among society as well. In some instances people don’t have computer access and are therefore...
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