...Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present and Future Alana Boggan INF 103 Sabahudin Tricic July 25, 2011 Abstract Technology, over time, has become more advanced. As technology has risen, so has man’s curiosity for advancement of what technology can do for mankind. In this exploration, artificial intelligence was created. In researching and exploring the past of artificial intelligence, mankind can make assumptions about the advances in the future. The past, with curiosity of humans, has lent itself to the artificial intelligence we have today and the endless possibilities for artificial intelligence in the future. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a constant part of life as technology advances. Webster defines artificial intelligence as “the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it” (Wikipedia, 2010). When assessing AI, one must look at the past and present. Acquiring knowledge about the past and present of AI, the future of this ever-changing field of science allows thoughts of endless possibilities and unimaginable devices of the future; therefore, by studying and researching the advancement of this field from its past to its present, predictions for this field can be made. Method I researched information on the past, present, and future for the field of Artificial Intelligence. In researching the past of the scientific and computer field of artificial intelligence...
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...METHODS OF TRAINING IN THE WORKPLACE James Danziger Debora Dunkle Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, School of Social Sciences University of California, Irvine CA 92697-4650 This research is part of the People, Organizations, and Information Technology project of the Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations (CRITO) at the University of California, Irvine. This material is based upon work funded by the U.S. National Science foundation under Grant No. 0121232. Any opinions, findings and conclusions reflected in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Survey Brief METHODS OF TRAINING IN THE WORKPLACE “IN THIS BUSINESS, YOU ARE WHAT YOU KNOW! Keeping your skills and abilities up-to-date in today's on-demand environment is a critical component to your success. IBM now makes it easy for you to enjoy the technical training you need to maintain that edge!” IBM email, August 2005 Virtually all modern organizations accept that a well-trained workforce is a critical success factor. American organizations spend more than $62 billion per year on formal training of their employees. It is impossible to estimate the full costs of the additional informal training that occurs. Ability to use information and communication technologies (ICTs) is among the most important skills that many employees need. Yet there is more speculation than wellgrounded, factual...
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...Every time I turn on my personal computer, flip open my laptop, or even pickup my smart phone I think to myself, what would I do without this? The problem is, I don’t really know what I would do. Today the majority of people own the three things I just named, as I do. Most people also do not realize what kind of lifestyle these technological advancements have offered them. Computers have become such a necessity in my everyday life that it is hard to think what I would be doing without them. In today’s economy a cheap price on a personal computer is not hard to find. Personal computers have extraordinary amounts of uses compared to those in the past. Some older computers only had the ability to calculate data that was entered into them. As personal computers have advanced, so have the operations that they can perform. Specifically, I use my computer for many helpful things. I have used my computer to plan multiple vacations and book airfare online. Also, I have used it to do homework for classes in the past. Unfortunately, I look at personal computers as outdated. Laptop computers are a new “must have” item. Today owning only a personal computer is considered a thing of the past. Before college, the only computer I owned was a personal computer. Now that I’m in college, my professors post things online, use email, and require typed papers. Since I have to use a computer to complete my work I had two options, try to find a computer on campus or drive home to use my PC. In order...
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...Phoenix Health Information Systems HCS/533 Ahmed Jamal August 07, 2011 Evolution of Health Care Information Systems Health care technology continues to change every day. In the past 20 years, how an individual’s health care information is seen, used, or stored in ones primary care physician private office has a dramatic change. The expansions of the worldwide web, the evolution of electronic medical records and electronic health records have dramatically changed how physician-client information is exchanged. On any given day a patient would walk into the physicians’ office to see a massive bookcase holding the vast amount of patient health information records in different stages of disarray. The office clerk or receptionist would try to answer the phone, hand write and book appointments, pull medical records, and attempt to check the patient into see the physician. Fast forward to the same physicians’ office today, and the scene is very different. The receptionist is still answering the phone and signing in the patient to see the physician, but where is the vast array of patient health information records. The large bookcase in chaotic disarray is a thing of the past. Today the office has multiple high-tech computers, and the receptionist can log the individual into the computer system, rather than handwriting a note or placing a check mark. The patient and physician benefit from the advancement of technology, the ease of availability of laboratory results, and...
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...this world I realize that computers are a big part in the way we live our life everyday such as our workforce and for our personal use. For most homes now carries a computer or some type of tablet, a smartphone or some types of handheld electronics products and over the past decades, I have experiences that computers and other devices are better equipped in storing information faster than ever. For the past few years’ we have learned that over the past decade computer had improved and designs in more ways since 10 years ago. I have learned and have discussed how the electron spin of atoms hints at a new approach in the computer revolution for the near future. In this paper I will discuss new ways in development in material science which allowed many changes in the life of computers and the essential properties of the life in which has influenced the industrial of computers. Science Impacting Modern Life The three essential properties of every material are 1: the kind of atoms of which it is made, 2: the way those atoms are arranged, and 3: the way the atoms are bonded to each other” and (Trefil and Hazen), stated that “Based on our understanding of atoms and their chemical bonding, we now realize that the properties of every material depend on three essential features, such as As we learned we will realize that all materials have difficult properties in them and no matter what the materials are, they are make-up of atoms. For example: Computers are made up of simple elements...
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...of adoptions. In the past social workers were responsible for assessing child abuse reports and determining whether a child would be detained. However, these days a computer handles these tasks. A SDM (Structured Decision Making) tool was implemented into the DCFS agency as a way to assist social workers and lighten caseloads. However, question has been raised as to how effective and reliable this tool really is.. This process starts as soon as a tip comes through the child abuse hotline. In Los Angeles county there are around 3,000 calls each week of suspected child abuse or neglect. The computer generates questions which the social worker answers based on the information from the report and allegations received. Based on these answers the computer will either add or deduct a points. The higher the score-the higher the risk level. At the end of the computer generated assessment the score is then verified by a social worker and if the level meets the legal threshold, a social worker begins an investigation. There has been criticism and argument of whether this computerized system is capable to assessing such serious situations. Social workers utilize personal experience and natural intuition, these make up a human beings decision making process which only a human can comprehend. However others say that by using the SDM, it provides more objectivity where social workers are more subjective. When it comes to the safety of children, computers may not have...
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...but then again, it might. In Japan, a short novel co-written by an artificial intelligence program (its co-author is human) made it past the first stage of a literary contest, the Japan News reports. The Nikkei Hoshi Shinichi Literary Award is named after Hoshi Shinichi, a Japanese science fiction author whose books include "The Whimsical Robot" and "Greetings from Outer Space." Judges for the prize weren't told which novels were written by humans and which were penned by human-computer teams. The award is unique in that it accepts entries from "applicants who are not human beings (AI programs and others)." Novels co-written by humans and computers were submitted to the prize committee. The Asahi Shimbun reports that one of four books co-written by an AI program made it past the first stage of the contest. Teams of writers worked with an AI program to create the cyborg novels. The level of human involvement in the novels was about 80%, one of the professors who worked on the project said. ADVERTISING However, the computers did the hard work — actually writing the text. Humans decided the plot and character details of the novel, then entered words and phrases from an existing novel into a computer, which was able to construct a new book using that information. The prize committee didn't disclose which of the four computer co-written entries advanced in the competition. The Japan News reports that one of the...
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...Technological advances over the past several decades have drastically changed how we function on a day to day basis. Typewriters and postal mail were sufficient ways to communicate in the past, and now computers and email have taken over and allowed an almost instantaneous line of communication. The technology of the computer has made a major impact on our lives, and will continue to develop in its sophistication, ability and scope. Computers have allowed for significant advances in communication, information technology, and simply how we function in our daily lives. Email, instant messaging, and social networking – just a few advances in computer technology that have vastly changed the way society communicates. With a few keystrokes you could be chatting with someone from the other side of the world. Instead of waiting days for a letter in the mail, email has made it possible to have a conversation via the world wide web while only waiting a few minutes for a response. All of these forms of communication have allowed for further advances in how information travels, consequently making way for development and implementation of information technology. IT (information technology) is one more thing that can be attributed to the computer and the technology it provides. From large corporations to small businesses to home settings, information technology is utilized in our society as a vital resource. Health care systems have implemented seamless information systems to allow...
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...CASE STUDY #3 Problems in the Computer Assembly Division You are in charge of a five person operation responsible for assembling personal computers for a small computer manufacturing firm located in the southeast. As the assembly unit supervisor, your production goals include assembling 80 personal computers per day and ensuring 95 percent of these computers pass the operational inspection of the quality assurance unit. To meet these goals, you coordinate and plan the work of your five subordinates and ensure they have the training and materials needed to get the job done. To maximize efficiency, you have organized the tasks performed by the group members along functional lines. Fred is responsible for assembling all of the hard drives for the unit. Fred is a retired Army sergeant with 16 years of electronics experience, is a hard worker, and has been assembling hard drives for six years. Bill assembles the CD ROM and floppy drives. Bill recently completed an electronics degree from a local technical school and this is his first full time job. He is 20 years old and has been working in the assembly unit for a year. Sherry assembles the mother boards. She is a single mother with two children and will be completing her bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in three months. She has been with the assembly unit for four years and has been an outstanding employee. Julie does the final assembly, and has only been with the assembly unit for six months. Julie is 22 years old...
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...Slide 1 Scientists rarely agree on anything in the scientific community, and global warming is no exception. In the community of scientists, skeptics, such as Richard S. Lindzen, have been using empirical research and data to debate the effects of human contributions on climate change. Although media reports, political motives, and environmental groups are fueling the fire of the global warming catastrophe, Lindzen believes there is no justifiable scientific evidence that suggests anthropogenic global warming will have consequential results on the Earth’s climate. Slide 2 Richard Lindzen was born 8 February 1940 in Webster, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University with his A.B. in Physics in 1960, followed by an S.M. in Applied Mathematics in 1961 and then a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics in 1964. He is now an atmospheric physicist and Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he has led a distinguished career as a climate scientist for over thirty years. As well as the author or coauthor of over 200 publications and is well known for his work in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere, atmospheric tides, and ozone photochemistry. Slide 3 Lindzen has received several awards as a result of his pioneering climate research and is a member of numerous prestigious scientific groups, such as the National Academy of Sciences. Lindzen has developed models for the Earth’s climate with specific concern for the stability of the ice...
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...| PC Technology Advancement | | ITT TECH | | | | Personal computers have long been a mainstay for homes around the globe. With uses such as internet surfing, communication, homework and finance tracking and business the personal computer has been a valuable asset. As the computer evolves during the next 20 years the possibilities seem endless. Here are some of the ways computers may evolve in the next 20 years. As technology develops and improves so does the personal computer. Smaller and faster computer chips are constantly being developed which personalize the computer even more. Stronger and more powerful micro processers will create a more realistic visual environment which will make interaction with the personal computer even easier. The next generation of chips will also provide better interaction through speech and visual recognition. Current programs are able to recognize and respond to your voice but future programs will also be able to read your lips through visual recognition which can be useful to those who are unable to speak. As you dictate to your computer it will recognize when you leave and it will stop dictating. As further developments are made in interactive software our personal lives will become simpler. The next generation computer will be able to learn from our past internet browsing and help us to improve upon it. Tasks such as internet shopping will be made easier by tracking prior experiences...
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...Over the past couple of decades I’ve witnessed a great deal of changes in computers and I see many more changes in the future. I remember helping my parents unpack my first computer that came with a very large price tag. I also remember about 20 years ago sitting behind that bulky box with a floppy drive that required the user to insert the floppy into the computers drive, wait a few minutes, then on the command prompt type in commands in order to use the game or software that was inserted in the floppy drive. Everything was slow to start and run, the graphics were poor (but at the time I thought it was great), and everything was simple. Compare that to today where a press of a button and you are almost instantly surfing the internet. Computer devices are a fraction of the size with laptops, tablets, PDAs, and cellphones and cost almost nothing compared to the large price tags of the past. Everything now is so much faster from hardware to software with graphics that are almost lifelike. I can only imagine what the future in computer technology has in store for all of us. With the cost of computer hardware and devices being more and more affordable I see the future where your computer is a hand held device that is as thin as glass about the size of a piece of paper that wirelessly connects to a virtual server or servers that store all your information remotely. Currently Microsoft controls over 90 percent of the PC software market today and many see Microsoft will...
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...Today computers have been important factor to society because of the way they are used towards education, government, internet, and etc. Most of the people want to buy a computer to be able to us internet. With internet you could chat with people all over the world, research information, buy and order supplies, food, computers, movies, clothing, and etc, so having internet in computers is very helpful for many. Computers have been tremendously beneficial to the educational system since the style and way it is taught. For example computers have a variety of programs that can help students improve their learning and can also help them with grammar issues. Some computers have a Microsoft Word, which is a program where you can write a letter, essay, memo, cover letter, or short paragraph which can be printed or sent electronically (by email). The Microsoft Word document has tool bar which has many bars to help improve the letter you are writing, a specific tool is the paragraph in the format bar which checks for any mistakes found in the letter, and it can also help find fragment sentences. The other way computers have helped the education system is being able to have websites for each school that students attend to be well informed about the school and also being able to check their own grades or maybe if a student misses a class he can find the notes or assignments that he missed. Computers have helped finding criminals in the past or detecting possible terrorist threats...
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...your computer or phone screen, taking its power for granted. There are countless commands and small parts just to make your computer do a simple task, such as sending a email or even playing a video game. Computers have come a long way, but how far have they really come? For instance, the very first computer was not like the traditional computer you may think of. It had the same key layout of a computer’s keys, but there was no screen. Imagine just a simple keyboard, but instead of a screen there was just a place to put paper to receive messages. Crazy right? “Telex starts as a way to distribute military messages, but soon becomes a world-wide network of both official and text messaging”...
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...responding to new market demands and, technology advancements. Apple always has improvements in its product lines which match with current technology trends. The pieces fit well together very well because in my opinion differentiation and innovation work well hand in hand. They are innovating new products and services that set them apart from their competitors and, using this to execute their differentiation strategy. Yes, I do believe Apple’s strategy is evolving because through their ability of developing their own operating systems, software and hardware. Apple has been able to grow from just the computer industry and evolved into the media player, mobile phone and tablet computer industries. 2. The key elements in Apple’s strategy in computers are the style, unique features and limited selection. The appearance in Apple computers is very attractive, sleek and stylish. Their computers have this edgy and fashionable look which is very different from its competitors. Apple’s operating system and software is very unique and just...
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