...Hypertension complicates up to 15% of pregnancies, with pre-eclampsia affecting 2–3%. Pre-eclampsia is defined as a multisystem disorder characterised by raised blood pressure and proteinuria. Pre-eclampsia is a condition in pregnancy involving high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Most women with mild pre-eclampsia give birth without problems. However, severe pre-eclampsia can cause major problems with the functioning of the liver, kidneys and blood clotting. These symptoms are late manifestations of a disease process that is initiated in early pregnancy and is the major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity (MORLEY 2004) The purpose of this literature review is to critically analyse the research available for the use of aspirin in the prevention of pre-eclampsia. However it was difficult to find the relevant articles that related to only the use of aspirin and not a combination of aspirin and other hypertension reducing medication. Also a lot of evidence pointed to the administration of magnesium sulphate based medication working in combination with aspirin or aspirin use in IVF conception methods. The search for relevant articles began with a search in Pub Med .Using the words, “Pre- eclampsia AND aspirin”, gave 494 results. Limitations were then applied to narrow the search. Firstly the search was narrowed to relevant article published in the last 5 years which reduced the finding to 88. Then only relevant articles in relation to the human’s species were applied...
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...Communication in health and social care organisations Task 3: Report Explain how the communication process is influenced by values and cultural factors………………………………………………………………………………………………2.1 Explain how legislation, charters and codes of practise impact on the communication process in health and social care………………………………………………………………………………………………….2.2 Analyse the effectiveness of organisational system and policies in promoting good practise in communication……………………………………………………………………………….2.3 Suggest ways of improving the communication process in health and social care setting………………………………………………………………………………………………2.4 The Report Introduction. This assignment is about communication which is a two way process involving the sender and receiver. Communication in health and social care connects people of different aspects. I will explain how legislation, charters and codes of practise impact on the communication process and analyse the effectiveness of organisational systems policies in promoting good practise in communication and Suggest ways of improving communication process. Culture and values consists of customs, ideas and social behaviour of a society (Anon, 2016). Values and cultural are influenced by beliefs, religion and ethnic background. As a health worker I have a duty of care to respect people’s values and cultures, when people of different cultures are discriminated or ignored they react to it with anger and emotionally. In regard to the case study...
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...2012 World Press Freedom Day: New Media tools as Change Agents [pic] Submitted by Idris Mabadeje on Fri, 04/05/2012 - 11:41am 0 inShare [pic] [pic]Printer-friendly version Press freedom is a logical extension of man’s inalienable right to freedom of expression. As such, it is a universal phenomenon which is guaranteed by Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), which says, “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” This right is equally guaranteed in the constitution of most nations of the world. However, the universal recognition of the right to press freedom, notwithstanding, harassment, torture and even deaths of media workers in the course of carrying out their constitutionally recognized responsibilities, have remained. The recent attacks on the offices of Daily Sun, The Moment and Thisday newspapers, in Abuja and Kaduna readily come to mind. It is the growing trend of attacks on journalists and other media workers that gave rise to the Windhoek Declaration on May 3, 1991. The conference emphasized that press freedom should be understood as necessitating pluralism and independence of the mass media. Following on the declaration and the recommendation, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed May 3 as World Press Freedom Day. The day serves as occasion to inform...
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...1. What are conversation dilemmas? How can we extricate ourselves from such dilemmas? Situations where we feel we can’t say anything right. 2. What is active listening? Involves verbal and nonverbal responses to let others know we are paying attention. 3. What are face threatening acts, and how do they relate to confirming responses? Face threating acts are messages perceived challenging someone’s face needs. Conforming responses are verbal and nonverbal behaviors that validate others and can diffuse a face threating situation. 4. What are boundaries, and how do they relate to communication? What are boundary violations? Boundaries are limits that define us as being separate from others. Boundary violations occur when others cross our emotional, relational, sexual, and spiritual limits. 5. What is the cooperative principle? Describe the four maxims associated with the principle and how they relate to conversation. C.P. suggests conversation partners use their talk to facilitate understanding. Quality maxim states provide info that is truthful. Quantity maxim states we should provide enough info to keep a conversation going. Relevancy maxim states we should provide info that pertains to the topic under discussion. Manner maxim states we should be organized and specific when we speak. 6. What are three types of disconfirming communication, and how can we respond with specific types of assertive metacommunication? Three types of disconfirming communication...
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...Communication Now I would like to address the decisive factor, without which neither motivation nor delegation to work properly - communication. In order to run it is not only important to be able to express themselves verbally, but the way you're exchanging knowledge and information crucial. disambiguation and a 4-ear model (v. Schulz von Thun) First, you can divide communication in verbal, nonverbal and para verbal communication. Important for the new manager of course is the combination of all kinds. With verbal communication is the content of the communication, ie what is said, meant. Paraverbal communication containing the tone, emphasis and articulation. The nonverbal commu-nication means not only the body posture or body language, but also the style of speech, the body (eg smell), clothing (eg appropriateness), the time (punctuality), space equipment and space claim (eg order). Of course it is for everyone to know relevant that these three components ext rem are important and should be coordinated. Straight but a leader has to internalize this, as will now probably change some as-pects. Depending on the company and position is the content of a ande-rer, articulation, or even the style of language and possibly the clothes. A In his game for the clothing exchange could be that you have previously worn as employees le-Gere clothes and now as head wearing one suit and tie. In companies where the workwear is eventually given by uniformity (eg partially in retail), you...
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..."When the door of communication open, everything is possible. So we must practice open to others to reestablish communication with them "- Thich Nhat Hanh - Why is communication important? Maybe this is a question that many people think or maybe, but communication is very important in society and in the lives of human beings. Since humans have existed had the need to express what he thinks, what he feels, or what he does, in ancient cavemen draw in his cave what they were doing every day, years later people started writing songs or poems to express their feelings, now today people communicate all the time either by typing a text message or talking to a person. Communication is not only between two people, but also among a group of people that is growing every day which we call society. The company is growing every day through communication, through it know new cultures, different personalities of each person, their likes and what she wants. Now imagine that there was no communication, lonely serious people, no one would talk to anyone, would not society, schools and families. People would not have progressed if it were not for the media, because through it we communicate with others, and therefore humans grow naturally, know new things and they form a society. In conclusion I would say that communication is of utmost importance to humans because without it we could not grow or form a partnership as there are today. Without it, humans do not be what they are...
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...Comunication paper Diomedes Gonzales Ramos BCOM/230 7 de julio de 2012 Gabriel Medina Medina Comunication paper Buenas tardes: Mi nombre es Diomedes Gonzales Ramos yo soy la persona que estaba en el que ahora es su puesto. Permítame darle mis más sinceras felicitaciones por su nuevo puesto. Me estoy dirigiendo a usted ya que como va a trabajar con mi viejo grupo de trabajo me gustaría darle algunos consejos que tal vez le pueda ser útil en su gestión. En este restaurante es muy importante la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo pero todo eso no es útil si no utiliza las combinaciones entre los empleados. Es muy importante que este motivándolos a la hora de sacar las órdenes. Ellos funciona de esta manera especifíquele unas metas y trate de ponerlos como a competir pero en equipo por ejemplo la cocina vs servicio todo eso pero cumpliendo los procedimiento. Lo que yo utilizaba era que el de servicio no puede estar esperando tanto que la comida salga ya que este restaurante es un fast food y hay que servirle rápido al cliente. Siempre debes estar vigilando al que está en las carnes y fritos que si no estás pendiente se queda sin carne y las carnes tardan 5 minutos en hacerse y estaríamos dando un mal servicio. El equipo que está en la línea de ensamblaje es uno bastante bueno solo este pendiente por que ellos a veces por ser más productivos quieren saltarse algunos procedimientos. En la parte de la comunicación yo acostumbraba a hacer reuniones por lo menos una vez por semana...
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...Comunication paper Diomedes Gonzales Ramos BCOM/230 7 de julio de 2012 Gabriel Medina Medina Comunication paper Buenas tardes: Mi nombre es Diomedes Gonzales Ramos yo soy la persona que estaba en el que ahora es su puesto. Permítame darle mis más sinceras felicitaciones por su nuevo puesto. Me estoy dirigiendo a usted ya que como va a trabajar con mi viejo grupo de trabajo me gustaría darle algunos consejos que tal vez le pueda ser útil en su gestión. En este restaurante es muy importante la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo pero todo eso no es útil si no utiliza las combinaciones entre los empleados. Es muy importante que este motivándolos a la hora de sacar las órdenes. Ellos funciona de esta manera especifíquele unas metas y trate de ponerlos como a competir pero en equipo por ejemplo la cocina vs servicio todo eso pero cumpliendo los procedimiento. Lo que yo utilizaba era que el de servicio no puede estar esperando tanto que la comida salga ya que este restaurante es un fast food y hay que servirle rápido al cliente. Siempre debes estar vigilando al que está en las carnes y fritos que si no estás pendiente se queda sin carne y las carnes tardan 5 minutos en hacerse y estaríamos dando un mal servicio. El equipo que está en la línea de ensamblaje es uno bastante bueno solo este pendiente por que ellos a veces por ser más productivos quieren saltarse algunos procedimientos. En la parte de la comunicación yo acostumbraba a hacer reuniones por lo menos una vez por semana...
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...ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION – EMPATHY & ACTIVE LISTENING WEEK 8 1 EMPATHY - CONFLICT RESOLUTION 2 EMPATHY “Feeling into”, seeing how it is through another's eyes Experiencing the feelings of another without losing ones own identity 3 EMPATHY The emphatic person senses the other person’s bewilderment, anger, fear or love “as if” it were his own feeling, but he does not lose the “as if” nature of his own involvement. ~ Robert Bolton, People Skills, 1987 4 EMPATHY Some of the things that help you to feel empathy towards another person: Trust Attentiveness Appropriate Responses Shared Experiences Respect Support 5 EMPATHY Some of the things that make it difficult to feel empathy towards another person: Inattentiveness Lack of interest Lack of respect 6 EMPATHY Key elements of using empathy: Separate our responses from those of the person we are empathizing; Retain objectivity and distance; Be alert to cues about feelings offered to us by the other person; & Communicate to people our feeling for them and our understanding of their situations 7 EMPATHY Some things a person can do to help in the communication process: Stop talking! Remember if you are talking, you are not listening Ask questions Using “mms” and “ahs” to encourage them Maintain good eye contact Display attentive and welcoming body language 8 EMPATHY Some things...
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...Communication What is communication? Communication is how each culture speaks and interacts with one another. There are many forms of communication, but these forms are what come to mind eye contact, language (both speaking and hand signals), and technology. Technology is constantly evolving on a daily basis. Communication between cellular devices, computers, and tablets make cyber communication quick and easy. The internet and these devices allow most businesses to authorize their employees to send emails through a server. This creates easier communication of important documents through a remote location. Most anyone can do this type of communication with the subscription to an internet or cellular data provider. Communication is necessary in the large world we live in. Differences Communication theorist created three models to visually explain the three different types of communication. These three types are action (linear), interactional, and transactional communicationInteractional communication is an ongoing process because of the circular steps it takes from sender to the receiver and vice versus. Interactional communication has a major role which is the role of the listener. Since there is only one that will be sending a message the other will be listening closely to eventually provide the sender with feedback. Once the recipient has provided feedback, their roles swap. In transactional communication the people build communication through sharing past...
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...Communication Competency, is it a Skill or an Art? Cathy Doane HRMN 302 Communication is the ability to effectively give or receive ideas, information, signals or messages. Competency is one's knowledge or skill that enables a person to act effectively in any situation. The ability of someone to communicate competently, takes practice of this skill and the art in getting the information across for the audience to correctly understand, the interweaving of language. The idea of communication competency being an art or skill can be argued once we know what the differences are between art and skill. When we make an effective determination, we can then realize that it is both a skill and an art. Skill is the ability to use one’s knowledge effectively and readily in execution or performance. It can be defined as a learned power of doing something, a developed aptitude or ability (Merriam-Webster). It is also ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities involving ideas, things and/or people (business dictionary). Poker is a game of skill, knowing how to play the game gives you the ability to win. Skill stresses technical knowledge as in the skill of a glassblower, learning the technique is what makes an excellent finished product. We learn skills for communication in our...
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...Running head: PROBLEM SOLUTION: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS Problem Solution: Global Communications Global Communication (GC) was a dominant force in the telecommunication industry. With the recent decline in stock prices, they will consider outsourcing jobs to India and Ireland as a cost cutting measure. With added pressure from stockholders and the need to stay competitive, Global Communications need to offer better services than their competitors do. GC is not alone when fronted with these types of issues. Many companies have struggles to keep their companies alive against the growing number of competitors in any given industry. Management is compelled to make decisive choices in order to turn their companies around. These decisions include the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating the outcomes. Many companies found that maximizing use of employees and organizational communication can be the difference in regaining stability and losing everything. While outsourcing will take away jobs from existing employees and bring down employee morale, companies may want to look into merging with an existing company. Mergers will provide new opportunities, new avenues, and career development that will result in competition and eventually job security. Mergers are a new business opportunity that will allow the company to broaden their horizons and produce skillful associates as well. Global Communications can realize and accomplish new goals by merging with a...
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...For this week’s task I had to read a quite difficult extract from ‘Fashion as Communication’ by Malcolm Barnard about how fashion is regarded in today’s society, whether it is trivial or not and highlighting how important it is in today’s economy. The first idea exposed is that fashion is ‘fit only for the intellectually disenfranchised’, suggesting that everyone working in the fashion industry lacks intelligence. Having chosen to study Fashion Marketing I completely disagree with this statement, but I am fully aware of the prejudices held against it. When I decided to pursue this course I realized most people did not consider Fashion Marketing a serious career, but the truth is that it takes a lot of dedication and hard work to succeed in this industry and most people do not understand what it really entails. What struck me most was a quote from a letter in The Guardian’s Women’s page arguing that ‘fashion is irrelevant to serious minded persons’. As Anna Wintour says in The September issue ‘Just because you like to put on a beautiful Carolina Herrera dress or a pair of J Brand blue jeans instead of something basic from K-Mart it doesn't mean that you're a dumb person’ and even if you make a choice that you think completely leaves you out of the fashion industry, you are nevertheless engaging with it. Fashion is a way of expressing yourself; people will judge you on what you are wearing so if you want to be seen as a ‘serious-minded person’ you will have to look like...
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...English 102 November 26, 2007 Communication is the key Communication is the key to any relationship. These are seven words frequently given as advice to a person struggling with a relationship in her life. Whether a person is having problems with a boyfriend, not getting along with her parents, fighting with a friend, or struggling in school because of a certain teacher, these words can help resolve her problem. Talking about the conflict will lead to a resolution. If communication is not available, two people will not be able to develop a relationship. When a person is constantly surrounded by people she is unable to have a conversation with, she will began to feel very alone. This can affect the way she feels about herself. A person’s self-esteem is lowered dramatically when she is unable to communicate with the people around her. In the world today, being different is seen as a bad thing. While growing up, if a person doesn’t have the same clothes, shoes, or hair style as the other children, she is often made fun of. Most people do not interpret being different as simply an expression of ones own unique style, rather they simply view them as being “strange” or out of the norm. Along with not dressing the same as others in their class, speaking a different language is also associated with being “strange”. This is becoming a bigger issue because America is becoming more diverse. According to Farai Chideya, “Nearly one-tenth of the population is foreign-born” (Chideya)...
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...Nonverbal communication can be more telling sometime of our actual thoughts that the words we speak. It is a crucial part of the way we communicate yet it is often neglected. Nonverbal communication includes such things as eye contact, facial expressions, posture, and hand gestures. Even though, we primarily focus on our verbal message our nonverbal message is the first thing other see. In Communicating in the Workplace it states that “nonverbal messages are sent in advance of verbal messages. Before you even open your mouth, your facial expressions, your clothes, your walk, your body posture, your skin color, your hairstyle, etc. are communicating much about you” (Cheesebro, O'Connor, & Rios, 2010, p. 89). When we speak we are also nonverbally communicating whether we want to or not. That is why it is so important that our nonverbal message is aligned with what we are actually saying. If the two do not match then our message can be misinterpreted or lost completely to our audience. Your message can come across as negative or positive depending on how it is communicated. For it to come across as needed it must be presented in a way that is easy to understand for your listeners. It seems that as we technologically advance our communications skills have declined. According to Cheesebro, O'Connor, and Rios (2010), “a more common concern is our lack of clarity and purposefulness when we speak rather than our inability to communicate both verbally and nonverbally”(p. 80)...
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