...Comfort: Concept Analysis Concept analysis deals with the careful job of guiding clearness to the meaning of concepts used in science, according to McEwen, M., & Wills, E. (2010) in Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. This paper will analyze the concept of comfort which comes from Katarine Kolcaba’s Comfort theory. Comfort is the state that is experienced automatically by receivers of comfort interventions. It involves the holistic experience of being strengthened through having comfort needs addressed as defined by McEwen and Wills (2010). Comfort is a key concept and central value of nursing. As stated by Tutton, E., & Seers, K. (2003), An exploration of the concept of comfort, comfort is defined as a state, linked to outcomes such as ease, well-being and satisfaction. The steps used to perform this concept analysis on comfort come from the Walker and Avant’s steps of concept analysis. These steps are as follows: 1) select a concept; 2) determine the purposes of the analysis; 3) identify all uses of the concept; 4) define attributes; 5) identify a model case of the concept; 6) identify consequences of the concept; and 7) define empirical references of the concept (Walker & Avant, 2010). Each one of these steps will be discussed throughout this paper along with providing why comfort is necessary to providing comfort in different ways. Purpose of Concept Analysis Comfort is a meaningful need during a person’s life span that should be seen as an essential part of holistic...
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...Concept Analysis Carrie G. Alexander Chamberlain Concept Analysis The concept of comfort is one that nurses provide every shift; however, it is not always easy to define. Katherine Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory will be used. Walker and Avant’s method for concept analysis will be used. The first step is to select a concept, which is comfort. The next step is determining the purpose of the analysis. The purpose is to define what comfort means and what comfort measures are and how they are used in nursing. The third step is to identify the uses of the concept of comfort. This includes definitions of term comfort and a literature search. The fourth step is to determine the defining attributes of comfort. This allows for insight into the concept and includes the characteristics of comfort. Comfort can mean many things to many people. Comfort can be caring words, caring touch, warm blankets, pain relief or encouragement. The fifth step is a model case or a real life example of the concept that includes the attributes of the concept and a borderline and related case. The sixth step is to identify consequences and antecedents and consequences. The final step is to define empirical referents or measurable ways to show the occurrence of comfort. Purpose The concept of comfort is used frequently in nursing practice; however, it is not always clearly defined. It is a basic value of nursing care and interventions and is frequently described as comfort measures. A basic understanding...
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...Pain Concept Analysis Audrey Hubler Chamberlain college of Nursing NR501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice Conceptual analysis is integral in understanding nursing theory. According to Walker and Avant (1995), concept analysis allows nursing scholars to examine the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It can be used to evaluate a nursing theory and allows for examination of concepts for relevance and fit within the theory. The phenomena of pain will be discussed in this paper and how it relates to the comfort theory. This paper will define the term pain and how it pertains to the comfort theory. Next, there will be discussion from relevant literature in regards to pain. Its defining attributes will be covered and then antecedents and consequences will be addressed. Examples of empirical referents will be given, as well as a model case and alternative cases. Then the discussion will conclude with a summary of the analysis findings. Definition/Explanation of Pain According to Merriam-Webster, pain is defined as “the physical feeling caused by disease, injury, or something that hurts the body; or mental, emotional suffering, or sadness caused by some emotional or mental problem.” In general, pain refers to an unpleasant, distressful and uncomfortable feeling. Studies have shown that unrelieved pain can affect the quality of life of the individual, cause physical and emotional effects, and can impact family. The comfort theory was developed...
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...The Comfort Care Concept at End of Life Introduction End of life is a concept that is often ignored despite the fact that everyone will die some day. It is because death is a part of life that people are familiar with comfort care given at the end of life. Comfort care is offered when someone is dying, and when the end is predictable. Comfort care is an essential part of nursing care at the end of life. It is care that helps or soothes a person who is dying. The goal is to prevent or relieve suffering as much as possible while respecting the dying person’s wishes (NIH, 2012). The goal of comfort care in nursing is the immediate state of being strengthened by having the needs for relief, ease, and transcendence addressed in the four contexts of holistic human experience: physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental (Kolcaba, 2010). I have worked in the oncology field of nursing for 16 years and have seen several patients go through the end-of-life process. I have seen the better outcome of the dyeing process take place, this is when all four holistic human aspects are met, but sadly I have also seen a few complete the process without having one or more of the holistic context met. I must emphasize that delivering exceptional nursing comfort care to the patients who are in their final days or even hours prior to death, is just as vitally important as delivering critical care to the acutely or critically ill patients. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate...
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...Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort Dana M. Watson Lenoir-Rhyne University Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort Introduction Today’s healthcare focus is on providing patient-centered, safe and effective care for improved patient outcomes. This focus is not only important for the patient’s health, but has become vital for the financial well-being of healthcare organizations. The United States has consistently ranked among the highest in healthcare costs and the lowest in improving patient outcomes when compared to other industrialized nations (Davis, Stremikis, Squires, & Schoen, 2014). There are multiple national organizations and initiatives designed to improve the state of healthcare in the U.S. and this topic is often debated at all levels of government. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), along with the Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ) developed a standard set of survey questions which are publically reported designed to measure patient’s perceptions of their “hospital experience.” The survey instrument is called the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Provider and Systems (HCAHPS) which allows hospitals and consumers the ability to compare hospitals to one another on topics important to patients. The survey also serves as a tool to enhance accountability through transparency and creates incentives for hospitals to improve the quality of the care they provide (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2014). Nursing plays a...
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...1991,16,1301-1310 An analysis of the concept of comfort Kathanne Y Kolcaba MSN RN C Instructor, College of Nurstng, The Umverstty of Akron, Akron, Oho and Raymond J Kolcaba PhD Associate Professor of PhkKophy, Cuyahoga Community College, Cleveland, Oho, USA Accepted for publicahon 14 Apnl 1991 KOLCABA K Y & KOLCABA R J (1991) Joumal of Advanced Nursmg 16, 1301-1310 An analysis of the concept of comfort Comfort IS a term that has a significant histoncal and contemporary assoaahon with nursmg Since the tune of Nightingale, it is ated as designating a desirable outcome of nursmg care Comfort is found m nursmg science, for example in diagnoshc taxonomies, and in references to the art of nursmg, as when practice is descnbed Roy, Orlando, Watson, Paterson and others use comfort m major nursing theones The term can sigrufy both physical and mental phenomena and it can be used as a verb and a noun However, because comfort has many different meanings, the reader has had the burden of deciding if the term is meant in one of its ordinary language senses or if its context reveals some speaal nursmg sense The purpose of this paper is to analyse the semantics and extension of the term 'comfort' m order to clanfy its use m nursmg practice, theory and research The semantic analysis begins with ordmary language because the conunon meanmgs of the term are the pnmary ones used m nursmg practice and are the ongm of technical nursmg usages Comfort is discussed as the...
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...Management Focusing on Acute Pain: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis The concept of managing acute pain is extremely significant to nursing as pain is one of the most common problems for which patients seek out health care resources. Pain is a complex and abstract concept that encompasses sensory, emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual perceptions of pain that may occur in combination with physical pain. Pain is difficult to describe and often hard to measure; although, most healthcare providers agree that pain is subjective and is to be measured qualitatively and quantitatively as the patient perceives its intensity. Pain can affect the quality of life of the individual by impacting them physically, emotionally, and financially. Pain can also impact the family and support systems. The treatment of pain and the loss of income due to pain increases the costs for health care, the individual, and the population. Analyzing and clarifying the concept of managing acute pain can increase the healthcare provider’s knowledge of acute pain management, define the concept of managing acute pain, and expand the understanding of the concept of managing acute pain. The aim of this analysis is to clarify the defining attributes of managing acute pain, identify antecedents that influence the perception of pain and the possible consequences of acute pain. Review of Literature To increase the understanding of the concept of managing acute pain, it is important to explore the definitions...
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...Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Kelly Henderson Professional Transition I/HSC-175 September 30, 2013 Mrs. Suzanne Boese, RN-BC, PHN, MSN/Ed Explanation of the Comfort Theory The origin of the word nurse is derived from the Latin word nutricius, meaning “(person) that nourishes” (Merriam-Webster, 2013). Historically, the concept of comfort was recognized as an essential praxis of nursing because of antiquated medical practices and the lack of development of medications. Often times, comfort was all a nurse could provide. Presently, the progression of medicine has allowed us to focus on healing and curing our patients. While coordinating care and interventions, nurses often feel overwhelmed by the tenacity of the tasks required to return their patients to homeostasis. What they often overlook, is what their patients still desire the most—comfort. Although comfort has always been a defining characteristic within the nursing profession, the true meaning of the concept is subjective—per the patient’s perspective. Recognizing this, nursing scholar, Dr. Katharine Kolcaba developed the comfort theory. She defines comfort as “the immediate experience of being strengthened by having needs for relief, ease, and transcendence met in four contexts (physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental)” (Kolcaba, 2003). Kolcaba further clarifies “relief as the state of having a specific comfort met; ease as the state of calm and contentment; and transcendence as the state in...
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...Executive Summary Comfort Care Pharmacy is at an exciting and expansive stage of development. To guide this next stage of growth, it is necessary to implement strategic planning. This document presents the interrelated stages of crafting and executing strategy as it relates to Comfort Care Pharmacy with emphasis being placed on the first three stages of the process. Little emphasis is placed on the two final stages of the process however there critical importance and effects on the strategic making process is briefly discussed. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. BACKGROUND 1 3. VISION STATEMENT 2 4. MISSION STATEMENT 2 5. STATEMENT OF VALUES 3 6. ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 4 6.1. ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 4 6.2. ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 4 7. STRATEGIES 5 7.1. GENERIC COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES 5 7.2. BUSINESS STRATEGY 6 7.3. FUNCTIONAL STRATEGIES 6 7.3.1. Procurement Strategy 6 7.3.2. Online Marketing Strategy 7 7.4. IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTATION, EXECUTION AND EVALUATION OF THE DERIVED STRATEGIES 7 8. CONCLUSION 8 9. RECOMMENDATIONS 9 10. REFERENCES 10 11. APPENDIX A: PEST ANALYSIS FOR COMFORT CARE PHARMACY 11 12. APPENDIX B: SWOT ANALYSIS FOR COMFORT CARE PHARMACY 12 1. Introduction Comfort Care Pharmacy is the largest pharmacy in the Tuschen Housing Scheme, and has seen considerable growth since its establishment in 2008. Given the significant growth; the...
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...Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory Katherine Kolcaba is the founder of the comfort theory in nursing. She was born in Cleveland, Ohio; where she has spent most of her life. In 1965 she became a graduate of St. Luke’s school of nursing obtaining a nursing diploma. After working for many years in the areas of medical surgical nursing, long-term care, and home care. She had a promotional offer that required an academic degree. After completing the required prerequisites she went to Case Western Reserve University and in 1987 graduated in the first RN to MSN class with specialty in gerontology. During her years of work as a head nurse, she began to see comfort in a theorical context. She advanced her education and in 1997 obtained a PhD in nursing from Case Western University. Dr. Kolcaba is an associate professor at the University of Akron, Ohio, where she teaches an undergraduate course titled Nursing Care of Older Adults and graduate courses in research, theory, professional roles, and domains of nursing knowledge. Her areas of expertise include gerontology, end- of- life, long-term care interventions, comfort studies, instrument development, nursing theory, nursing research, and magnet status. (Kolcaba, Tilton, & Drouin, 2006, p. 648). Components of the theory The back bone of the comfort theory is the taxonomic structure grid of 12 cells. It intercalates the three types of comfort with the four contexts of human experience. The three types of comfort are; relief is the state of...
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...endeavours to discredit a God based upon the presence of evil. In doing this, he extends the boundaries for arguing God, whilst opening the floor to debate free will and the apparent comfort of the atheistic belief system. However, through careful analysis of the arguments for God, and an insight into the mysterious free will that God has given man; we see that a theistic belief is logically more sound and preferred. McCloskey says that the proofs for the argument of God cannot definitively establish a case for the existence of God. Therefore, all those proofs for God cannot be used in the logical argument for a God. However, McCloskey didn’t recognize the three aspects when approaching the question: does God exist. Through these three studies, we are shown that though no one person can empirically prove the existence of God, He in fact still exists (Foreman, Lesson 18). The three aspects to approaching the question of God are: best explanations approach, cumulative case approach, and the minimalistic concept of God. The best explanations aspect refers to the existence of God as the best way of explaining the effects that we can empirically observe within our universe. The cumulative case view tells us that no one argument can get us to the existence of the God of Christianity. Finally, the minimalistic concept of God argues for a personal, moral, and intelligent creator; minimally, the argument is not arguing for every attribute of God (Foreman, Lesson 18) The cosmological and...
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...1745). Nies et al. (1999) describe Outcome(s) as responsible for indicate effectiveness, efficiency and quality of care, and also state that in the health care context, the “definers […] are usually the client, purchaser, payer or provider” (p. 84). Hall (2011) analysis outcome in the medical perspective, and defines it as a target or endpoint that enables the judgment if an operation, a drug or some form of therapy was successful. Hunter, Corcoran, Leeder and Phelps (2012) also give a definition for Outcomes in medicine, but these authors considered outcomes in the patients’ perspective, and it includes physical, mental, social and spiritual health, quality of life, life satisfaction, lifestyle, and the process of the health intervention. Other author (McAuliffe, 1998) also describes the definition of outcomes as the patient’s perceptions, and as results of the care received, considering symptom severity, functional capacity and quality of life. Some of those statements can also be applied to the nursing...
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...Marks & Spencer SWOT Analysis Strengths High Quality Products. This is the key strength that makes the company successful. Marks & Spencer is capable of delivering high quality products for food as well as cloth. Its suppliers are required to produce a product that meets a range of quality, safety, environmental, and social standards. Customer Services Marks & Spencer is customer oriented. The company provides superior customer service to customers and always be there if somebody needs help and assistance. This makes Marks & Spencer be able to maintain a good relationship with the customers, and this is critical if the company wants its customers to be loyal to the company. Shopping Environment Marks & Spencer provides customers with a great of shopping experience. By designing a modern concept store, fancy interior, and cleanliness, the company offers the customers with coziness, comfort, and pleasantness when shopping in stores. Commits to Innovations Marks & Spencer focuses on developing innovative products; it is reflected by the fact that 80 percent of its general merchandise products and 30 percent of its food products will be new every season. Environmentally-Concerned Marks & Spencer concerns about the environment problem. The company has developed many strategy and system of its business to address the environmental problem. Marks & Spencer is able to save many dollars, improve efficiency, improve quality, and reduce any waste. Weaknesses Outdated...
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...2013 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 1MAIN ISSUE 1 2RESEARCH CRITERIA 1 3EXTENT OF THE RESEARCH ISSUE 2 4 POPULATION 2 5 ASSUMPTIONS AND SUB-PROBLEMS 3 6 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 3 7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4 8 THEORETICAL APPROACH 4 9 RESEARCH DESIGN 7 CONCLUSION 8 SOURCES CONSULTED 8 ADDENDUM A: SELF-REFLECTION9 INTRODUCTION In this assignment the nine creative characteristics in eight different advertisements, will be explored and describe by means of content analysis. 1MAIN ISSUE Explore and describe, by means of qualitative and quantitative content analysis, the characteristics of nine creative concepts and their creative application in eight different adverts, found in two different publications: cross sectional. 2RESEARCH CRITERIA Relevance: Advertising is directly related to marketing, which makes the issue relevant to communication science. Researchability: The issue can be researched by collecting and exploring the creative concepts of eight different advertisements from two different magazine or newspaper publications. Feasibility:The investigation is feasible as there are not many resources necessary, and it is easy and inexpensive to purchase two magazine or newspaper publications. Ethical acceptability: The research deals with eight advertisements from two publications, it will therefore be ethically acceptable because no persons are involved, so no harm can be done. 3EXTENT The research will be done in...
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...Company analysis project 2012 Handed out the 23rd of April Hand in the 25th of May List of content 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY . 1.1 Company presentation 2. 2. ASSIGNMENTS 11 2.1 Marketing 11 2.2 Organization 12 2.3 Communication 12 3. PURPOSE 12 4. CONTENT 13 5. EXTENSION AND SIZE OF GROUPS 13 6. SUPERVISION 13 7. DEADLINES 13 ECCO achieved record results in 2011 (Source: http://www.ecco.com/en-XI/Media-Center/Annual-Report ) In 2011, ECCO achieved the highest surplus in the company’s history with a profit before tax of DKK 904 million. This highly satisfactory result was particularly due to successful new collections and improvements in sales in most of ECCO’s markets. The outcome could have been even better, if ECCO’s shoe factory and tannery at Ayutthaya in Thailand had not suffered catastrophic flooding in October with considerable human and commercial consequences. Many of the 3,500 employees in Ayutthaya lost both their home and all their belongings. Despite this, they all made an enormous effort both for ECCO, usually incompletely unfamiliar roles, and for the local community. For ECCO, the flooding meant the loss of more than a third of the company’s production capacity. The emphasis was therefore placed on quickly establishing increased production at ECCO’s other factories and among external partners. New production capacity has now been established in Thailand, and ECCO expects to be back in full production by the end of...
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