...Abstract: In this paper we have analyzed the behavior of eye movement for prevention of vehicle’s accidental situation in motor driving. We are analyzing eye blinks in normal and in driving conditions. One of the biggest problems in India and the world are road accidents. Driver’s non alertness is a prime cause for most accidents related to automobiles crashes. Accidents caused in dozed state are more severe, because of very high speeds involved and hence the driver fails to take any protective action just before collision. The state of drowsiness can be very easily detected by watching driver’s eyes. In this paper we are considering blinks of eyes. Blinks may be voluntary or involuntary. Both voluntary and involuntary blinks are taken under consideration. As the vigilance level of driver changes number of blinks also changes. The number of blinks in normal and in driving situations is the basis for judging whether driver is drowsy or not. Keywords: template, frames, blinks, testing, automatically, Human Computer Interface, drowsiness. 1. INTRODUCTION Most of the drivers do not follow the ideal conditions of driving. Those drivers who follow the ideal...
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...how your eye works or how your eye deteriorates? Imagine not being able to see, or your vision becoming gradually worst, 60% of people suffer from optic eye problems such as farsightedness and colorblindness. There are many reasons for these problems, but there are also cures. To start it off let me tell you about how the eye sees. “First the light enters the eye and bends when it hits the cornea and travels toward the iris. Ciliary muscles around the iris react to light in the room and cause the iris to open or close around the pupil.” “After light travels to the lens, through the pupil.” “After passing through the lens, the light that initially bounced off the screen reaches the light-sensing rod and cone cells...
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...Brenda Upsey Psycho/640 Dr. Samatha Hickman Visual Information Processing A person eyes and brain is the key to help express or interpret what they see. Our eyes and brain are an important part of our daily life and we need our eyes to see the world and to express what we see. The brain and eyes work together to help processing information through our vision. The brain stimulates our five senses, such as touch, smell, sight, taste, and hearing however, most stimuli are interpret through the sight. Our eyes allow us to see things, such as objects, shapes, and colors. The brain helps to perceive and interpret what we see. This process is called visual information processing which pertain to person cognitive skills. Our cognitive skills allow us to see things, process it, and interpret it to make sense. By using our eyes we can see things and hold on to memories and tell our children family history. This paper will describe visual information processing and explain two conditions that impair visual information processing. This paper wills also discuss current trends in research of visual information processing and give two scholarly peer reviews on visual information processing. Visual Information Processing The human brain is responsible for to help understand information that see to the brain.. To understand visual information processing one must for know how the brain and eyes work together. The human brain is an important part of our body. The brain helps other parts...
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...problems and poor night vision often occur together, and they create difficult situations in everyday life. For example, if you’re driving at night and oncoming headlights make you wince, or you can’t see well when walking through a dark room or driving at night, these conditions are the culprit. Because your eye health is so vital, Atlantis Vision Center, based in Indian Harbour Beach, FL, is devoted to treating many different eye conditions like glaucoma and eye injures. We have the following information on glare and night vision below. Contact us (http://www.atlantisvisioncenter.com/contact-us) for an eye examination to assess whether you are suffering from poor vision. Glare It can be very challenging to manage trouble with glare. Light beams bounce and reflect from a source before entering your eye, but sometimes instead of bettering your vision, trouble seeing arises. Shiny surface reflections, snow, and sunlight are the usual glare sources....
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...Albinism Albinism is a congenital disorder where there is a complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes because of the absence or defect in the enzyme that produces melanin. Melanin is responsible for pigment in plants, animals, and protists. Albinism in man has been described by many Greek and Roman writers, and the first accurate scientific paper about it was written in 1908 by Sir Archibald Garrod. Most people only think of humans in the case of albinism, but in reality, it affects humans as well as plants and animals. In plants, Albinism is the total or partial absence of chlorophyll. Because there is an inadequate amount of chlorophyll, photosynthesis is impaired. As a result, plants with albinism usually die at a young age. According to scientific authors Maya Kumari, Heather J. Clarke, Ian Small, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique, some environmental conditions like temperature, light, media composition, and culture conditions can play a role in determining the frequency of albino plant formation. Although environmental factors can sometimes play a role, genetic factors are the main determinants. Genetic studies in different crops show that it is a recessive trait governed by many loci. Because nuclear as well as chloroplast genomes affect albinism, incompatibilities between them is a likely cause of pigment defects in hybrid progenies (Kumari). In angiosperms large amounts of these incompatibilities are found. Unfortunately, there is no solution...
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...Albinism Script: Slide 2: What is Albinism? Albinism also known as “Albino” is a genetic condition when people are born without the normal pigment in their bodies. People with Albinism have very pale features. This condition can affect all races including Africans, Caucasians and also Asians. People who suffer from this condition have very pale eyes, hair and skin. Most forms of Albinism are recessive. People with this condition can suffer from vision problems and have very low vision capabilities. The colour of the eye for Albino people can vary depending on their race. Although some may have reddish or reddish violet eyes, many have blue, green, hazel or even brown eyes. Since there are different forms of Albinism which we will look into throughout this presentation, all are associated with vision and skin problems. * Did you know that Animals can also be affected with Albinism such as white rabbits and mice with red eyes?? Slide 3: What causes this condition? Albinism is caused when the body is not able to make enough of melanin, which is responsible for the colour of our skin, hair and eyes. The genes that result in Albinism are located in the autosomes. The cause of albinism is the mutation of one of the genes coded to make proteins in order to make the melanin. The cells that produce melanin are called “melanocytes” found in the skin and eyes. Usually the child with this condition inherits the gene from each of the parents which is the recessive trait. If the person has...
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...Tess Neal and Stanley Brodsky wrote expert witness credibility as a function of eye contact behavior and gender Criminal Justice and Behavior. Tess Neal is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University New College of Interdisciplinary Arts & Sciences. Stanley Brodsky is a professor of Psychology at The University of Alabama. This test eye contact can effect someone credibility by their gender. There were three conditions of eye contact levels, low, medium and high. There was two hundred and thirty-three undergraduate participates in this study. Groups were forms and each group had two males and two females. One of the main effects that they found was people who had high eye contacted had higher credibility ratings then...
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...(refracted) as they pass through the cornea and the lens. The light is then focused on the retina. The retina converts the light rays into messages that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain interprets these messages into the images we see. What are refractive errors? In refractive errors, the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing on the retina. The length of the eyeball (longer or shorter), changes in the shape of the cornea, or aging of the lens can all cause refractive errors. MACULA OPTIC NERVE LENS PUPIL How does farsightedness develop? Farsightedness develops in eyes that focus images behind the retina instead of on the retina, which can result in blurred vision. This occurs when the eyeball is too short, which prevents incoming light from focusing directly on the retina. It may also be caused by an abnormal shape of the cornea or lens. Normal RETINA VITREOUS GEL IRIS CORNEA Image focused behind the retina Who is at risk for farsightedness? Farsightedness can affect both children and adults. It affects about 5 to 10 percent of Americans. People whose parents are farsighted may also be more likely to get the condition. MACULA OPTIC NERVE LENS PUPIL Hyperopia...
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...in how one sees. The eye and brain work together to turn the world into visual data one’s brain can understand and use. There are some eye conditions that inhibit the sight or the recognition of the shapes one sees. Research continues to overcome these conditions as well as to further understand the biochemical reaction that gives humans the sight and understanding one has of visual data. Included in the paper are some of the latest research methods. Describe Visual Information Processing The way a human eye and brain works together to produce visual data understandable to the brain is through a biochemical reaction to light turned into neural impulses by the brain. The section of the brain dedicated to interpreting vision is the visual cortex. . Light passes through the lens and the vitreous humor and falls on the retina at the back of the eye (J.R. Anderson, 2009, pg. 34). The retina includes the light sensing or photoreceptor cells. These cells change physical shape when exposed to light. The photoreceptor cells are of two kinds; rods and cones. At this point the photochemical process occurs that turns the information of the light, including shapes, texture, color, orientation, and depth, into neural impulses. Rods are the cells that when exposed to less light energy are responsible for less sharp images, the kind one sees at night. Cones are responsible for seeing color, acuity, and high-resolution vision. Cones are in one part of the back of the eye, or retina, which is...
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...Driver’s face and expression including eyes and mouth, movement(head rotation),stress recognition tracking 4. If eyes are closed for some fraction of time, then alert driver by sounding the alarm device or using various different alerts. 5. If mouth is open for more time then yawning is detected and alert is raised. 6. Driver’s head rotation is used to detect distraction, system will generate alert after driver distraction and inattention detection. 7. If stress is detected from driver’s facial expression and speech recognition then alert is raised and system autodials emergency numbers. In this...
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...Effect of Eye Illumination on Pupillary Response Results: When the unobserved eye was illuminated, the pupil diameter in the observed eye had become smaller in response in comparison to when both eyes were in the ambient condition. The pupil diameter of the observed eye was smaller when both eyes were illuminated in comparison to the diameter it had when only the unobserved eye was illuminated. As seen in Figure 1, the diameter of the pupils was the greatest when the eyes were in the ambient condition, or Treatment 1. The figure also shows that the data yielded the smallest diameter of the pupils when both eyes were illuminated under Treatment 2. The increase in diameter of the pupil suggests dilation, while a decrease in diameter suggests contraction of the pupil. Figure 1. Effect of Eye Illumination on Pupil Diameter. The figure represents the data collected in an experiment that was conducted to determine if...
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...Graves' Disease The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. This is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the thyroid gland and triggers the release of high levels of thyroid hormones. One of the hallmarks of Graves' disease is a visible and uncomfortable swelling behind the eyes. Graves' Disease Graves' disease, which is caused by a generalized overactivity of the thyroid gland, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the thyroid gland usually is renegade, which means it has lost the ability to respond to the normal control by the pituitary gland via TSH. Graves' disease is hereditary and is up to five times more common among women than men. The triggers for Graves' disease include stress, smoking, radiation to the neck, medications, and infectious organisms such as viruses. Graves' disease can be diagnosed by a nuclear medicine thyroid scan and blood test. Graves' disease may be associated with eye disease (Graves' ophthalmopathy) and skin lesions (dermopathy). First described by Sir Robert Graves in the early 19th century, Graves' disease is one of the most common of all thyroid problems. It is also the leading cause of hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive hormones. Understanding Graves' Disease Once the disorder has been correctly diagnosed, it is quite easy to treat. In some cases, Graves' disease goes into remission or disappears completely after several months or years. Left untreated, however...
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...ABA FOR CYBERPSYCHOLOGY Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of eye-contact on toxic online disinhibition Annotated Bibliography Instant messaging, video chatting, and social networking are quickly advancing and growing (p. 1). These online communication frameworks are more accessible than ever before, connecting people across the globe (p. 1). Despite the fact that people across the world are connecting, there seems to be an increase in violence and verbal attacks in the online community (p. 1). This increase in violence and attacks attribute to the online disinhibition effect, which is the “lowering of behavioral inhibition in the online environment” (p. 1). Noam Lapidot-Lefler and Azy Barak discuss online disinhibition effect and toxic disinhibition in their research, Effects of anonymity, invisibility, and lack of...
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...corneal perforation. This condition can be unilateral or bilateral, but is usually asymmetric. The degeneration of the cornea usually begins superiorly with stromal thinning and rarely affects the inferior cornea/limbus area but has a hallmark of no epithelial breaks. Another hallmark of the condition is the lack of inflammation and pain, but can show neovascularization advancing in the thinning stroma along with pannus. A white or light yellow line of deposits of lipid...
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...Survivor’s Book Highlights a Growing Epidemic: Macular Degeneration Alan N. McClain survived a fast-growing eye disease. Now, he is on a mission to help others overcome it. The former management systems analyst emerged as his own eye doctor when he suffered – and beat – macular degeneration, a condition of the retina of the eye that can appear at age 50 and above. The condition could lead to blurry vision in the center of the person’s sight that could prevent him/her from reading, recognizing faces, watching television, driving, using a computer – any visual task that requires him/her to see fine detail. The author wrote a total health book titled How I Beat Macular Degeneration in the Early Stages and How You Can, Too! (CreateSpace Independent...
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