...Q 15DBQ 15: The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1964-2005 Liberals had dominated American society for most of the 1900s. The 1960s was widely known for being the age of counterculture, social reforms, and liberals. The era witnessed many advancements like racial equality such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a strong advancement in political liberalism, and a significant increase in the power and influence of government-funded social programs as a result of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society reforms. Beginning with the election of Nixon, however, followed a gradual return to conservatism whether religiously, politically, or economically. The resurgence of conservatism in American politics and government in the years 1964-2005, was caused in reaction to 1960s liberal political, economic, and social policies as well as the rise of religious political groups and the controversy over the Vietnam War. The government's political and economic policies contributed to the rise of conservatism. Most notable of the federal reforms were initiated by liberal Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson and his Great Society schemes. His "War on Poverty" speech, delivered on March 16, 1964, called for a war on poverty to give people a second chance by spending millions on education, job training, housing, and healthcare. Johnson's intention was in some ways a conservative one. He wanted to give people a hand-up, not a hand-out and make them dependent on the money earned from taxing the more fortunate (Document...
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...CONSERVATISM Key concepts 1) Hierarchy and organic society * The term ‘organic society’ refers to a belief, which became entrenched in traditional conservative thought in the latter part of the 19th century. * It was a reaction against the rise of liberal individualism. * It proposes that society is more than merely a collection of individuals, but it is a single entity. * We are connected to each other through our humanity and common membership of community. * Organic society is seen as a reality, which is superior to our own, individual interests. * The ideal organic society – where goals and aspirations of individuals coincide with the goals of the whole society. 1980s – Margaret Thatcher famously challenged this remarking that there “is no such thing as society”, implying that the goals of individuals are superior to those of society as a whole. * Traditional conservatives believe that there is a ‘natural’ order into which each individual fits. * It is normal and natural that society should be divided by a number of strata. * The very rigid feudal system had long since disappeared, but there remained a belief that some kind of class system was inevitable. * Hierarchy like this supports organic society in that it creates an order and stability, which the individualistic society lacks. * Different parts of the hierarchy have different roles that complement each other. * This implies inequality, but an ordered inequality, and one in which...
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...cultural change were not reacting dramatically to the passing of the 1957 Civil Rights Act. However, in 1960 Dwight Eisenhower passed a second Civil...
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...ideological stances, this means that they haven't changed their traditional values so they can run government together. An ideology is an 'ism', a more or less coherent set of ideas, values and theories that help to explain the world and guide political action. The conservatism is the set of ideologies that the Conservatives believe in. Conservatism is an ideology that is defined by a 'desire to conserve'. It has traditionally been suspicious of abstract principles or developed theories, preferring instead to place its faith in tradition, experience and history. The defining values of Conservatism are; tradition, this means that they respect ideas, practices and institutions that have been passed down from one generation to the next. They also believe in human imperfection, the belief that people are security-seeking creatures and also morally flawed. Finally they believe in hierarchy and authority, they think it would be better to have a 'top-down' social organisation as it is natural and beneficial. There are two kinds of conservatism in the UK, One Nation conservatism and Thatcherite conservatism. One Nation conservatism is a pragmatic and paternalistic form of conservatism that was prominent during the 1950s and 1960s. The conservatives don't like 'new' they...
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...conservative approach in which they intervene in other countries. For example Obama initiated a military surge in Afghanistan, showing that conservative ideologies are still influential in the Democratic Party. However this may be because through foreign policy the president can express more of his powers and position in the party. So actions in foreign policy may not show an influence of conservatism but rather a way in which the president can take more leadership in. Another example of how the Democratic Party holds some conservative values is that some pro-life democrats influence Obama not to allow Federal money to be used to support abortion. Demonstrating that the Democratic Party can be traditional in their views i.e. being pro-life – believing that all life is sacred. Also some democratic supporters hold some traditional conservative views. For example Latinos, who supported Obama in 2008, are not generally pro-choice. Showing that those that support the Democratic Party may not necessarily support some of their policies as they may contradict with their conservative views. Thus conservatism is still influenced in the Democratic Party. However the Democratic Party still hold their liberal values. This is illustrated in the history of Obama’s presidency and Clinton’s presidency. For example the healthcare reform, stimulus package and increased regulation of the finance industry. This shows that the party has moved away from being conservative, because the president is often...
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...have critiqued this aspect of information asymmetry, which has garnered significant interest in the accounting arena in the world today. This paper is set out to analyze the literature on conservative financial reporting, dissecting Akerlof’s article surrounding information asymmetry. Following this, possible motivations by firms to undertake these accounting measures will be meted out, coupled with an examination of the empirical evidence in reflection of the measurement of conservatism, with a final conclusion pertaining the relationship of information quality and financial reporting choices being ascertained. 2. Conservative Financial Reporting Conservatism is the differential verifiability required for the recognition of accounting gains versus losses that generates an understatement of net assets. (Basu, 1997) There has been evidence strongly suggesting that U.S companies had used conservative financial reporting practices since the last five decades. (Watts, 2003) It is argued that conservatism of financial reporting arises because of information asymmetry between firm managers and shareholders. While information asymmetry refers to a situation where one party has more or superior information compared to another, (Akerlof, 1970) theoretical researchers have found that managers do not have the same incentive as shareholders or investors, and can use their information advantages to transfer the wealth from shareholders to themselves. (Watts, 2003) Following that, managers...
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...quite a few items that are in the history of this country, which include the Principles of the New Right, the Iran Contra Affair, and credit for ending the Cold War between the United States (U. S.) and the Soviet Union (USSR). These are just a few items that will be taken into consideration to see if he was or was not the person that is liked or disliked by the people of the U. S. The election of President Reagan in 1980 saw the emergence of what was considered the “conservative cause known as the “New Right” movement, partly in response to counter-cultural protests of the 1960’s-evangelical Christian groups, social issues” (The resurgence of conservatism 1980-2000, 2014). The Reagan Doctrine; “A strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Reagan Administration to oppose the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War” (The resurgence of conservatism 1980-2000, 2014). It is also known as an expressive term or period for numerous guidelines or groups from the right-wing. This group focused mainly on the societal matters concerning national authority and it was linked to the Religious Right groups. When Ronald Reagan won the election in 1980 this prompted what came to be the American conservative movement who took a power shift into politics. Republicans held the Senate for the...
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...Mad Men, an American period drama has become a pop culture phenomenon. The critically acclaimed television series has been awarded numerous Emmys and Golden Globes for each of its five seasons but more significantly it has established a new craze for 1960s cocktail culture. Along with its influence on fashion and furniture design, the show reveals the perception of hard-drinking, chain-smoking advertising men of the early 1960s and their interaction with male chauvinism, adultery, homophobia, racism, sexual banter, and capitalism. Mad Men primarily receives two different types of pertinent criticism. A portion of the critics allot their reviews on the alternating moods and collective mores of a generation. The other half of the critics deliver acclamation for period-detailed set designs, historically accurate costume conception, nostalgic visual style, and authentic product placement. The series’ influence on contemporary culture can be seen all over the map. In 2008, Michael Kor’s clothing line made its debut on the cat walk of New York’s Fashion Week and consisted of slim suits, skinny ties, pencil skirts and pearls. The reviews thanked the characters, Don Draper and his on show office manager, Joan Halloway, for bringing these desired wardrobe trends to the closets of consumers (Stoddart, 2011). Marc Jacob’s Fall 2010 of “reconstructed femininity” was inspired by the series and emphasized Jacob’s line of corseted breasts, bare legs, bare arms, and womanly hips under...
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...Tradition is based on practices, ideas and institutions that have passed through time and has been produced from its earliest of origins. Conservatives stress the importance of tradition as it allows continuity between different time frames, traditional conservatives are against change so tradition creates a bases of society staying the same for examples, in terms of being hierarchical. The terms of tradition has caused conflict within conservatism as the New Right – the neoliberals and neoconservatives, have avoided placing any importance of tradition and continuity needed in society thus showing tradition and continuity is less followed by conservatives now. Traditional conservatives support and defend the idea of tradition and continuity on many different grounds. For example, tradition provides a basis of religious faith that is shaped by God who is the creator of the Earth. This therefore means that traditional institutions provide natural law – tradition is seen as having accumulated wisdom from the past, these institutions and practices has been able to be “tested by time” and therefore they should be preserved for the benefit of those living now and for future generations. This means that society is based on a relationship between those who are living, those who are dead and those who are to be born – the dead always has the upper hand over society as they are the “democracy of the dead” – providing a structure for the present society to follow. Tradition and continuity...
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...Introduction Accounting conservatism is traditionally defined by the adage “anticipate no profit, but anticipate all losses” (e.g., Bliss, 1924). Anticipating profits means recognizing profits before there is a verifiable legal claim to the revenues generating those profits. Conservatism does not imply that all revenue cash flows should be received before profits are recognized. Thus the issue is one of verifiability. In the empirical literature the adage is interpreted as representing “the accountant’s tendency to require a higher degree of verification to recognize good news as gains than to recognize bad news as losses” (Basu, 1997, p. 7). Conservatism is the asymmetry in the verification requirements for gains and losses. This interpretation allows for degrees of conservatism: the greater the difference in degree of verification required for gains versus losses, the greater the conservatism. It is this interpretation of conservatism that is adopted in this paper. An important consequence of conservatism’s asymmetric treatment of gains and losses is the persistent understatement of net asset values. Capital market regulators, standard-setters and academics criticize conservatism because this understatement in the current period can lead to overstatement of earnings in future periods by causing an understatement of future expenses. For example, Accounting Research Bulletin 2 (AICPA, 1939) states: “conservatism in the balance sheet is of dubious value if attained...
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...OUTLINE: I. Introduction- II. WHY did Silent Spring make such an impact that, to some degree, it ushered in the 1960s? a. Paragraph I i. Topic Sentence: Before one can evaluate the enormous success or Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring one must weigh in on the era Carson was coming off of in order to understand why her book had such an impact at the time that it did. 1. By 1950 American had faced 2 World Wars and an economic Depression U.S. becomes super power 2. 1950’s there is a shift to consumerism and conservatism 3. Average Citizen wants nuclear family and suburbia b. Paragraph II ii. Topic Sentence: Now that the United States was finally economically sound and our international relations, while not at its best, were somewhat stable; American society was able to focus on issues that for so long had not had the time to address. 4. The Cold war and nuclear threat became a key role in the formation of the environmental movement 5. Humans now have power to significantly change the environment around them 6. Nuclear weapons also introduced other technologies that threatened nature such as pesticides and chemicals for agriculture iii. Concluding Sentence: These new threats along with the a shift to a more liberal U.S. mindset provided Rachel Carson and Silent Spring impeccable timing to make the largest impact and start a revolution that at any other...
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...rose sharply in 1934 as it penetrated radio sponsorships with Blackett-Sample_Hummert. As 1936 entered, Advertising Age figures released that they were already ranking as number 8 advertiser in radio and they were able to maintain this for the rest of the decade. The company’s total spending in radio advertisements rose to more than 2.5 miliion in 1937 and remained as is until World War II. Come 1940s, Amercian Home Products Corporation additional products were included in their product line, namely: * Heet * Freezon * Mystic Hand Cream * Neet Depilatory * George Washington Coffee They also bought Canadian marketer Ayerst Laboratories for their prescription drug business and Chef Boyardee Quality Foods. Hence, in the mid-1960, American Home Products Corporation were able to establish five (5) core businesses: * Prescription Drugs...
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...Using examples, explain the differences between left-wing and right-wing political ideas. There are many differences between left-wing and right-wing political ideas. Right-wing political ideas that tend to be pessimistic about human nature and oppose change; right wingers typically favour order, authority and oppose state intervention in the market. “Right wingers” are typically in favour of “free market economics”. This is where private companies are lightly regulated so they are free to go about their business without minimum interference from the government, which is sometimes referred to as “the state”. The Conservatives are a prime example of a “right-wing” party; the Labour party also adopted “right wing” ideas and began changes ways under the era of “blairism”, from being a “left wing-party” they adopted right wing ideas from the conservatives and were more or less similar to them. “Left-wingers” on the other hand generally have optimistic ideas about human nature and favour social change, left wingers tend to support liberty, equality and state intervention. The labour party is a “left-wing” party and has swifted back to its original ethos and ideas under the leadership of Jeremy Corbyn who is a far-left wing socialist. Furthermore left-wingers are keen to reduce the gaps between the rich and poor. They believe that society should work together to help everyone, which is why schemes like the NHS and benefits were introduced, But they argue that the rich should...
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...The history of the United States as covered in schools and universities typically begins with either 1492 and Columbus, or—especially in recent years—with the prehistory of the Native peoples. Officially the United States of America began as an independent nation with the Declaration of Independence in July 1776. European colonists reached the Gulf and Pacific coasts, but the largest settlements were by the English on the East Coast, starting in 1607. By the 1770s the Thirteen Colonies contained two and half million people. They were prosperous, and had developed their own political and legal systems. The British government's threat to American self-government led to war in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence in 1776. With major military and financial support from France, the patriots won the American Revolution. In 1789 the Constitution became the basis for the United States federal government, with war hero George Washington as the first president. The young nation continued to struggle with the scope of central government and with European influence, creating the first political parties in the 1790s, and fighting a second war for independence in 1812. U.S. territory expanded westward across the continent, brushing aside Native Americans and Mexico, and overcoming modernizers who wanted to deepen the economy rather than expand the geography. Slavery of Africans was abolished in the North, but heavy world demand for cotton let it flourish in the Southern states. Through...
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...group of movements focused on achieving personal and cultural liberation, was embraced by the decade’s young Americans. It included rejection of conventional social norms, reaction to political conservatism of the Cold War period and to extensive Military intervention in Vietnam, and the rejection of racial segregation (lect.,”Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll”, week 6). Because many Americans were members of the different movements in the counterculture, the counterculture influenced American society. As a result of the achievements the counterculture movements made, the United States in the 1960s became a more open, more tolerant, and a freer country. One of the most powerful counterculture movements in the sixties was the civil rights movement. In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act to end racial discrimination in employment, institutions like hospitals and schools, and privately owned public accommodations. In 1965, congress returned suffrage to black southerners, by passing the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Foner 2009). In the case of Loving v. Virginia (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional(Foner 2009) . Because of the civil rights movement in the sixties, minorities gained more rights than they had prior to the 1960s. During this time, a group of writers became known for jump-starting the rebellion of the youth culture. They were called the Beats and symbolized underground non-conformist youth. Parts of...
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