...clear to those who worked with children what their duties were and how they should work together in cases of child abuse in Working Together to Safeguard Children 1999. The tragic death of Victoria Climbie at the hands of her carers in 2000 highlighted the dysfunctional way in which services for children were happening. The Laming report of 2003 examined this and produced the green paper/policy Every child matters which in turn instigated extensions to the Children Act 1989 creating the Children Act 2004, all of which support the UNCRC's articles e.g. 19, 32, that give children the right to be protected from harm and to have protection procedures in place that enable care for a child that safeguards their well-being. The Children Act 2004 focuses on: • The integration of children’s services and the introduction of children’s directors with responsibility for local authority education and children’s social services. • Lead councillors for children’s services with political responsibility for local welfare. • The establishment of Local Safeguarding Children’s Boards (LSCB) with statutory powers to ensure that all services work together to protect vulnerable children. • A new Common Assessment Framework to assist agencies in identifying welfare needs. • Revised arrangements for sharing information. Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006 added an update on safeguarding following the Laming and Bichard Inquires and a national framework to help agencies work together....
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...Agricultural Subsidies and Development In recent decades, rich countries and organizations have taken measures to preserve their agro industry. In many of the largest countries as a measure to stimulate the production, subsidy is made for the proceedings or part of the necessary crops. Nowadays we are faced in a big question: What is the impact of these subsidies on world market prices and the producers do not receive subsidies for their production? There are many opinions from different parts of the world and it is like that because each country has its own point of view and depends how much are they involved in the situation. I will try to distinguish myself and to be objective. I think that if the subsidies were removed overnight the impact on the average consumer and producer will be very bad. Family farmers will be driven into bankruptcy and this will lead to production falls. With less production the market will have risen on food prices and this will reflect directly to the average consumer. Another thing that will probably happen is that big corporation will continue their growth and they will kill smaller farmers with their prices. This will cause no competition in the agriculture and will lead to unfairly high prices. Another important thing that may occur is the lower quality of the products, because every farmer corporation will try to get as much as they can and they will no longer care about the quality because the competition is gone. I think that the benefits...
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...information systems is the subject of this research paper, and if I was to choose one particular issue that interested me the most, it would be Privacy. It personally affected me in the workplace, so this paper will illustrate what I know firsthand. I’ll identify some human and technological protective measures I would use as security safeguards and enforcement actions in order to address the Privacy issue, list some problems related to management information systems that may arise from this issue, and propose at least one solution to address the problem in question. Privacy is the right of individuals to retain certain information about them without disclosure and to have any information collected about them with their consent protected against unauthorized access. In the workplace unfortunately, what we consider private could potentially be the reason for our employment or even our termination. Employers have monitoring systems that can measure performance and determine time spent at desk, and organizations, institutions, and firms can gather personal information and enter it into databases for their personal gain. One protective measure to safeguard my privacy would be to use a “private browsing mode”. That limits the web history kept on the computer, which will prevent others from accessing history data. Another measure would be to use cryptography to hide the content of communications while they stream between the user and the person receiving the communication. There...
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...Internet Controls Vanessa King July 29, 2012 Internal controls are used within an organization to help safeguard assets and enhance the reliability and accuracy of accounting records. I think internal controls are essential for any public company to function. Safeguarding assets includes stopping robbery, employee theft, and unauthorized use and is very important for an organization. Minimizing the risk of unintentional mistakes, or errors as well as intentional mistakes or irregularities within the accounting process is what enhancing the accuracy and reliability means. It is required by law to monitor the different models of internet controls and the main reason for internet controls is so a company can monitor its actions and procedures. Physical safeguards include cameras, physical barriers, locks, and anything else to protect property. IT Security helps ensure that restricted documents are obtained by only authorized personal by using a lock, security code, or an employee ID as identification. I work at home and have to use a password, and a RSA token, which is a six digit number that changes each minute and helps my company make sure that I am the only one logging in because I have my password and the token. The two primary goals of internet controls are to safeguard assets from theft and unauthorized use, and to enhance the accuracy and reliability of company accounting records to avoid errors or irregularities in the accounting process...
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...Abstract This paper will analyze the justification and effectiveness of government subsidies. This paper will discuss an industry that is subsidized by the U.S. government and address the following: why the U.S. government subsidizes the industry, how the subsidy alters the market outcome, who gains and who loses from the government intervention, any beggar-thy-neighbor issues, and why the subsidy is or is not justified. Introduction Many industries rely on government assistance in both good times and bad. “The potential micro and macro failures of the marketplace provide specific justifications for government intervention” (Schiller, 2010). Government interventions “encompass a wide range of regulatory, fiscal, tax, and legal actions that modify the rights and responsibilities of various parties in society. Interventions can increase or decrease costs to particular groups, effectively acting either as a subsidy or as a tax” (Subsidies and Market Interventions, 2013). Since the 1930’s the government’s role has assumed more responsibilities including “maintaining macroeconomic stability, protecting the environment, and safeguarding the public’s health” (Schiller, 2010). Government Intervention A government subsidy is defined as “monetary assistance granted by a government to a person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest” (Subsidy, 2013). An example of an industry that is subsidized by the U.S. government is the energy market...
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...Bluefin’s CEO, Richard Sam. During the current year, Shaun and Richard jointly purchased an exclusive holiday home in Brisbane. The holiday home represents more than 10% of Shaun’s personal wealth. Required For the independent situation above, and using the conceptual framework in APES 110, answer the following questions. 1. Identify potential threats to independence & recommend safeguards to reduce the independence threat. 2. Provide an objective assessment of whether audit independence can be achieved. Threat (1) Safeguards (1) Objective Assessment (2) (a) Self-interest threat or intimidation threat: A close business relationship between member of the audit team & its management, arises from a commercial relationship or common financial interest may create self-interest threat or intimidation threat. (APES110.290.124) Per APES110.290.124 if one of the members of the audit team has a material financial interest in a joint venture with an officer who performs senior managerial activity, the threats created would be so significant that no safeguard will be able to reduce it to an acceptable level. So the possible solutions are: The business relationship needs to be terminated. OR It can be reduced to an insignificant level. OR The individual needs to be removed from the Audit team. Shaun, the partner in charge cannot have joint investment in a holiday house with Richard (CEO of Bluefin Ltd). This is...
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...Political System and Development: Politics in Jamaica takes place in the framework of a representative parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The 1962 Constitution of Jamaica established a parliamentary state whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom. As the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II - on the advice of the Prime Minister of Jamaica - appoints a governor general as her representative in Jamaica. The governor-general has a largely ceremonial role. Jamaica constitutes an independent Commonwealth realm. The Constitution vests executive power in the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested both in the government and in the Parliament of Jamaica. A bipartisan joint committee of the Jamaican legislature drafted Jamaica's current Constitution in 1962. That Constitution came into force with the Jamaica Independence Act, 1962 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which gave Jamaica political independence. Constitutional safeguards include freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of worship, freedom of movement, and freedom of association. The judiciary operates independently of the executive and the legislature, with jurisprudence based on English Common Law. The governor-general is largely a ceremonial figure who appoints the prime minister and senate seats through the advice of parliament and the prime minister. The prime minister exercises...
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...The Advantages of a codified constitution now outweigh its disadvantages In this essay I plan to go against a codified constitution as I believe that our current constitution is fine they way it stands. There are many reason for keeping a un-codified constitution. There will also be some disadvantages to it like there is to everything, but the advantages will outweigh the disadvantages. One of the reasons to keep our un-codified constitution is because our system can work well in any terms of crisis or emergencies. Such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks on america. When the 9/11 terrorist attacks happened in america on the 9th of september 2001 a law in the UK was passed against terrorists. The Crime & security act was passed in december of the same year. This act have the government the power to detain any suspected terrorist without trial for at least 28 days. This is one of the advantages of the un-codified constitution that we have in the UK, as this proves we can react fast enough to stop things from getting out of hand. In the USA and other european countries have had a much harder problem with terrorism as they have a fixed constitution. So changing laws takes a long time. Although this is an advantage, in other ways its a disadvantage. This act affects the effect & cross of human rights. With this you could cause distress and harm to a person who may not have convicted crime or any terrorist acts at all. If the UK was to change to a codified constitution...
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...‘The UK would benefit greatly from the introduction of a fully codified constitution’ Discuss Plan Arguments against * Ruins the doctrine of sovereignty-Parliament sovereignty is effectively beaten. * Judges have to police the constitution and effectively interpreted. – Threat of judicial tyranny. Codified constitutions cannot be interpreted by the public so the judges would have to interpret it which could bring out preferences and values of senior judges * Un-necessary- doesn’t Philly limit governments * Hard to change * Easily outdated * Legal documents created at one point of time rather than a document which has been endorsed by history and created over time Arguments for * Clear rules * One codified document * Limited government * Neutral interpretation * Protecting rights of individual liberty * Education value – highlight certain values and strengthen citizenship Introduction The argument of a codified constitution has been a debated subject for a long time within the UK political spectrum. The argument stands at present moment that if the UK should or should not implement a codified constitution. Both sides of the argument withstand staggering evidence both in favour and factors denouncing the idea being drawn at the same time. The fact of a codified constitution would invoke a greater judicial intervention within the UK – maybe even put the state under risk of judicial tyranny. On codified constitution we...
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...which means they are difficult to abolish or amend. UK for a Codified Constitution Some people argue that if the UK adopted a codified constitution is a good thing. If it was to be adopted it would significantly change the UK because it would affect: the power of the government and people’s rights and freedom. One of the biggest arguments for adopting a codified constitution is the fact it would make all rules/principles a lot clearer as they would all be in 1 single document and more clearly written meaning it would create less confusion about the constitutional rules. A codified constitution would also make the overall goals of the political system stand out more to the public eye and anyone else, strengthening the country. It was also cut the government massively by ending parliamentary sovereignty. And it would also not be possible for the government to interfere with the constitution due to higher law that safeguards...
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...Accounting The Codification — Do You Have All the New Topics, Subtopics, Sections, Subsections, and Paragraphs Memorized?In July 2009, the Codification became the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. GAAP. The Codification’s hierarchy is topic, subtopic, section, and paragraph, in that order, each with a numerical designation (e.g., ASC 810-10-25-37, which was formerly paragraph 6 of Interpretation 46(R)). ASU 2009-17 incorporated Statement 167’s amendments to the VIE model into the Codification. The beginning of each section of this Roadmap contains quotes from the appropriate Codification paragraphs. In addition, for those of you still trying to find your way through the Codification, we thought it would be helpful for each Codification paragraph to be followed by a reference to the corresponding pre-Codification paragraph from Interpretation 46(R), as amended by Statement 167. Although ASC 810-10-55-37 (paragraph B22 of Interpretation 46(R)1) might not roll off your tongue like “B22 of FIN 46(R)” used to, the Codification is here to stay. However, we suspect that just as there are probably a few accountants who are clinging to their last version of the FASB’s Original Pronouncements (we know you are out there!), there are some that might need a little help finding the new VIE guidance in the Codification. Accordingly, Appendix D of this Roadmap includes a guide that cross-references the paragraphs from ASC 810-10 to the guidance in Interpretation 46(R), as...
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...Absolute Monarchy Paragraphs What would it be like to be the queen and rule an absolute monarchy? I feel it would be the best to be the queen and have all the say. An absolute monarchy would be best as no elections have to take place. Being the leader of an absolute monarchy means you have no one to answer to. Lastly, an absolute monarchy would be best because the leader can charge as much tax as you want because you are in charge. Being the leader of an absolute monarchy means I don't have to call for an election because there is no such thing. Elections take a long time to arrange and process the votes but when I am in charge we would never need an election. Many monarchies have been abolished to this day. I would have all the say in any decision made to deal with a country and it's citizens. If someone wanted to lower the taxes I would have the only decision made and I would not consult anyone else about the matter. I wouldn't need to take opinions from others as I make the decisions without getting others opinions and views on the situation. As the ruler of the absolute monarchy I would have the most wealth. I could make the taxes as high as I wanted to because it is my decision. I would be able to charge the citizens whatever amount I want because I am on top and have all the wealth. In conclusion, being the leader of an absolute monarchy means you have all the power. Having no elections, being the wealthiest and making all the decisions without anyone's impute...
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...Memorandum To: Professor Robert Woods From: Danielle Anderson, Student Date: [ 2/23/2012 ] ------------------------------------------------- Re: Business Ethics in GM410 Professional Communication Class at Keller Graduate School of Management Confidential I was impressed by learning about business ethics and how it impacts the world. If companies don't have good business ethics, it can damage its reputation. In class, you demonstrated a video about business ethics and how people showed unethical behavior while working. I have two articles that support how businesses exercise unethical practices. The articles Clegg orders into racism by banks; Black businesses denied loans or pay high rates and Ethics in Nigerian banking are similar in terms of violating banking regulations, but they differ in form of governments. What I had learned from these two articles is that banks are not trustworthy with our needs and assets . In the United Kingdom, Nick Clegg ordered a federal investigation against British banks to see why minorities can't obtain loans. If minority applicants were approved for bank loans, they will receive a higher interest rate than Caucasian entrepreneurs. What happen to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act? In this case, The United Kingdom is a democracy and all people have equal rights. By using tax money, minorities and white people help the government bailout the Britain Banks. Therefore, all people should be treated equal. Another critique that I found...
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...1 Malaysia, What is it? What is 1 Malaysia? 1 Malaysia is an ongoing program that the government has spent RM38 million on to promote this concept. 1 Malaysia is not a new concept nor is it a new formula, but it is the ultimate goal for national unity. 1 Malaysia has already been the main vision of every single prime minister even before our current prime minister, Najib Tun Razak. In other words it is a propaganda tool to unite the country. 1 Malaysia consists of 8 values which is Integrity, Education, Meritocracy, Loyalty, Acceptance, Humility, Perseverance, and Culture of Excellence. As of 16 September 2008, Our 6th prime minister Najib has taken a big step forward by making the vision of 1 Malaysia from and idealistic to a realistic. Since independent, national unity has been made top priority and unity in education, culture, socio-economy, political and regional. The 1 Malaysia concept according to Najib is “We stand, we think and we act as Malaysians. And we take actions based on the needs of all ethnic groups in our country.” The government is taking a lot of actions in regards of 1 Malaysia such as having a lot of 1 Malaysia campaigns such as “One Malaysian Ride for Education, Unity walk background, Cuti-Cuti Satu Malaysian” so on and so forth. Not only having campaigns but the government has also opened a shop named Kedai Raykat Malaysia. We have clinics for 1 Malaysia such as Clinic 1 Malaysia, and we also have 1 Malaysia privilege...
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...and functions of government. Constitutions can be uncodified, like the UK’s at the moment, or codified in the case of the USA’s for example. A codified constitution is authoritative, entrenched and judiciable, everything that an uncodified constitution isn’t. On the one hand there are many arguments supporting the view that the UK should adopt a codified constitution. If a codified constitution were introduced, the key constitutional rules would be collected together in a single document, and they would be more clearly defined than in an ‘unwritten’ constitution where rules are spread across many different documents. A codified constitution would create less confusion about the meaning of constitutional rules and greater certainty that they can be enforced. A second argument supporting a codified constitution is limited government. A codified constitution would cut government down to size. A codified constitution would effectively end the principle of parliamentary sovereignty and subsequently elective dictatorship. Elective dictatorship is a constitutional imbalance in which executive power is abused to allow governments to win elections. In the UK, it is reflected in the ability of a government to act in any way it pleases as long as it maintains control of the House of Commons. It would not be possible for government to interfere with the constitution due to the existence of higher law safeguarding the constitution. A codified constitution would also allow for neutral interpretation...
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