...Reuse of Construction and Demolition Waste: A practical Approach Abstract Construction material waste seems to have caused serious environmental problems in many large cities around the world over the past few years. As pressure for environmentally-friendly building practices increases, companies are discovering that ultimately 'going green' often promotes cost effectiveness and enhances the quality of life. The idea of ‘reuse’ and ‘recycle’ of many construction materials is a smart decision for all builders whether they are interested in environmentally-friendly building or not. At baseline, the research project will adopt three aims: 1) to examine the current issue with waste minimisation, cost implication by effectively management; 2) to investigate the economic analysis of reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste; 3) to explore various construction materials that can be effectively reused and recycled. In order to achieve the above research aims, the following objectives are set: * To determine the importance of cost reduction techniques for reuse of construction and demolition waste * To investigate whether or not the economics of construction recycled materials can be justified throughout construction activity lifecycle. * To investigate the economic impact of reuse and recycling construction materials on major projects * To develop propose unique theoretical models on decision-making for reuse of construction and demolition waste The intended...
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...Theory Construction waste materials are now a day’s an issue in developing countries. The countries in the Middle East sector has substantially growing interest in building construction despite of the recession around the world, the construction of building and towers has attracted many international companies and agencies to invest their capital for business and besides it also have optimistic effects on economy of the country like United Arab Emirates. Keeping all these positive points aside the main problem occurring is against the environment in term of waste material from construction. The issue in UAE is the Dubai Municipality's Waste Management Department said in its annual report that a total of 27.7 million tonnes of construction waste was removed from various constructions sites in the city, compared to 10.5 million tonnes in 2006, according to Wam. "Construction and demolition waste makes up 75% of the total solid waste generated in Dubai every year," the news agency said. Dubai's economy has been booming on a near six-fold increase in oil prices since 2002, which has spurred a real estate boom after the family-ruled emirate allowed foreign ownership, attracting home buyers from around the world. Eight million tonnes of construction waste is recycled by Dubai Municipality each year, with the remaining amount going to landfill, Wam said. GCC countries rank in the top 10 of world waste producers with 120 million tonnes of waste per year, and figures are expected...
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...Construction is an activity that during its development generates a significant impact due to its high demand for natural resources and its high levels of waste production. Waste residues tend to be inert residues mainly constituted by concrete, pavements, gravel, sand and soil. Recycling and reusing these wastes generates a more efficient and green construction, therefore it is important to find a way to recycle these residues in concrete mixtures without affecting the essential properties of concrete. By performing the compressive test in different concrete mixtures that contained different amounts of recycled aggregates from old concretes (20% and 30%), showed that the resistance of the concretes wasn’t significantly affected; less than 2% of the resistance was lost, compared to a concrete mixture that did not have recycled aggregates. Furthermore, when performing the same test to concrete mixtures containing 20%, 30% and 40% of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition (C&D) waste, results showed that up to 25% of its resistance was lost. Therefore, by using either kind of recycled aggregates, up to 30% in a concrete mixture, one is producing a more viable concrete that is not only more economic, but also produces less contamination, enabling the industry to mitigate the environmental impact produced by this industry. Green concretes is an alternative and competitive market that can be created through the acknowledgment that construction and demolition wastes...
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...is then called “Recycled Concrete” (R.Dalati, 2008). The concept of sustainable construction development is becoming nowadays a widely discussed subject. It is also turning to become a challenge for the construction industry due to the increasing scarcity of natural resources and the ever increasing demolition and construction waste (Wai et al 2012). The essence of sustainable construction development can be given out as the possibility of meeting current needs taking into account the needs of future generations (Valeria et al 2009). Recently, the amount of waste incurred due to demolition and construction has been increasing because of demographic factors, more specifically: increase in population and urbanization. Therefore, the majority of the developed or emerging economies are facing the problem of handling and disposing such wastes. Considering this aspect, the utilization of these wastes and byproducts is gaining momentum and is highly regarded as an emerging necessity. This idea not only focuses on utilizing the wastes, but also has indirect benefits such as saving energy and protecting the environment. According to Mehta (2002 data) the global concrete industry consumes “close to 10 billion tons of aggregates, and produces over 1 billion tons of construction and demolition waste annually”. Aggregates constitute approximately 70% of concrete volume, thus the ability to utilize their waste and reuse them in the production of recycled concrete would have a huge positive...
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... CONSTRUCTION AND ITS EFTFECTS Have you ever thought about how construction that goes on everyday on our planet as well as the demolition that goes on affects our planet and our environment? landfills in the country with the resources in their facility to process demolition debris materials very quickly. Some of these landfills’ facilities are able to process demolition debris materials at the rate of 135 tons every hour.let’s put it into simple statistics and facts to make it easy to understand how very much these things do affect our planet. ut there would be enough dimensional lumber to get you to the moon and back six times. Clearly something needs to be done about new construction, remodeling and demolition because of the major negative effects the results are having on the planet Earth. Land resources and the environment are affected by all forms of construction activities. The environment is impacted directly, with regard to the actual tract of land affected and the immediately surrounding area (Yeang, 1999). Moreover, there are various indirect impacts which result from construction activities with wide ranging ecological, social and economic outcomes. These consequences have traditionally been negative, with land resources destroyed in the aspiration of development of buildings and infrastructure. Therefore, it is clear that issues relating to the environment and natural resources are irrefutably linked to construction processes. Construction is the assembling...
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...Regulations Practical Exercise 1. Identify areas of environmental concerns with a solution to the scenario. I would develop controls to eliminate impact to the following listed environmental concerns or reduce the probability or severity of each hazard, to lower the overall risk. Air Equipment exhaust Convoy dust Pyrotechnics Archaeological Sites Maneuvering in sensitive areas Digging in sensitive areas Disturbing or removing artifacts Demolition/munitions effects Noise Demolition/munitions effects Night operations Operations near post/camp boundaries and civilian populace Vehicle convoys/maneuvers Threatened / Endangered species Maneuvering in sensitive areas Demolition/munitions effects, especially during breeding seasons Disturbing habitat or individual species spills or releases Poor field sanitation Soil (terrain) Over-use of maneuver areas Demolition/munitions effects Munitions and munitions related wastes Poor field sanitation Poor maneuver-damage control Erosion Troop construction effects Refueling operations spills Maneuver in ecologically sensitive areas such as wetlands Water Refueling operations near water sources spills Erosion and unchecked drainage Amphibious/water crossing operations Poor field sanitation 2. Identify mission-related environmental risks with a solution to the scenario. Vehicle accidents and breakdowns causing spill of fuel. Train all drivers before the exercise. Supply and issue vehicle spill...
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...1. Identify areas of environmental concerns with a solution to the scenario. • Air (Equipment exhaust, convoy dust, pyrotechnics, demolition/munitions effects) • Archaeological Sites (Maneuvering in sensitive areas, digging in sensitive areas, disturbing or removing artifacts) • Noise (Demolition/munitions effects, night operations, operations near post/camp boundaries and/or civilian populace, vehicle convoys/maneuvers) • Threatened / Endangered species (Maneuvering in sensitive areas, demolition/munitions effects, disturbing habitat or individual species, spills or releases, poor field sanitation) • Soil / terrain (Over-use of maneuver areas, Demolition/munitions effects, Munitions and munitions related wastes, Poor field sanitation, Poor maneuver-damage control, Erosion, Troop construction effects) • Refueling operations (spills, refueling operations near water sources) • Ecologically sensitive areas such as wetlands (Unchecked drainage, Amphibious/water crossing operations, poor field sanitation, erosion) 2. Identify mission-related environmental risks with a solution to the scenario. • Vehicle accidents and breakdowns causing spill of fuel. - Train all drivers before the exercise. Supply and issue vehicle spill equipment. • Spills during refueling stops. - Train all fuel handlers on proper refueling procedures. Provide spill equipment. Ensure that only fuel handlers will dispense fuel. Locate...
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...A study by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Sustainable Building and Construction Initiative (SBCI) have shown that the building and construction industry worldwide is responsible for a third of total energy use and in most parts of the world, the greatest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) (UNEP-SBCI, 2009). One would therefore think that the efforts resulting from the Kyoto protocol which sets binding targets to reduce GHG emissions would focus on the Building and Construction industry, and this is an opinion which may be true. The effect of the protocol have seen a paradigm shift in the industry towards a ‘Sustainable Development’ movement, being more conscious to the effects the industry has on the environment. The building and construction industry in Singapore has also recognised the need to protect the environment and there have been various efforts to encourage construction activities which may reduce GHG emissions such as the use of alternative energy, recycling construction materials, alternative materials and various government-led initiatives. Singapore however is a small city-state which the UNFCC recognises as an alternative energy-disadvantaged state, facing difficulties in using alternative energy given its small size and compact area (NEA, 2014). Nevertheless, Singapore continues to moderate its GHG emissions by exploring the use of alternative energy sources, particularly natural gas and solar energy. The switch to natural gas has effectively...
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...Construction Waste Management: An effective plan for recycling 11/11/2012 Abstract: The construction of both single and multiple family home in the United States on average generates more than two tons of waste. Studies have shown that more than 90% of the waste generated is recyclable. In recent years federal green building programs have been established to award points and give tax credits for those who recycle construction debris. With the current state of today’s housing market, builders can improve their profit margin by reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills. Unfortunately, many builders are puzzled at how to take advantage recycling. In this paper I will focus on cost effective and environmentally friendly methods to dispose of construction waste for those in the home building industry. The program will outline how those in the home building industry implement techniques for managing construction waste on their projects. Introduction When speaking of sustainability those in the construction industry should understand and acknowledge that a critical part includes effective waste management. Napier (2012) suggests the following: “Responsible management of waste is an essential aspect of sustainable building. In this context, managing waste means eliminating waste where possible; minimizing waste where feasible; and reusing materials that might otherwise become waste. Solid waste management practices have identified the reduction, recycling...
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...the world are becoming more involved with their ecosystems and establishing guidelines for businesses and industry to follow. By adopting the strategies of Green building we can make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live. Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of buildings and their use of energy, water, and materials while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment through better design, construction, operation, maintenance and demolition (EPA, Green building). Whereas a good design is important in Green building, the actual operation and maintenance of a building has a huge impact on human health. It has become so important that building councils and rating systems have been established by the United States and across the world. Green building has brought into practice new construction techniques and practices along with new ideas and products to try reduce and eventually eliminate the impact of buildings on the environment. Green construction can be established at any phase of construction or even after a building is completed. In the United States alone buildings account for 39% of all energy use, 12% of total water...
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...Urban Waste Management Solid wastes are those organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society, which have lost their value to the first user. Improper disposal of solid wastes pollutes all the vital components of the living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and global levels. There has been a significant increase in MSW (municipal solid waste) generation in India in the last few decades. This is largely because of rapid population growth and economic development in the country. Due to rapid growth of urban population, as well as constraint in resources, the management of solid waste poses a difficult and complex problem for the society and its improper management gravely affects the public health and degrades environment. The population of Mumbai grew from around 8.2 million in 1981 to 12.3 million in 1991, registering a growth of around 49%. On the other hand, MSW generated in the city increased from 3200 ton per day to 5355 ton per day in the same period registering a growth of around 67% (CPCB 2000). This clearly indicates that the growth in MSW in our urban centers has outpaced the population growth in recent years. This trend can be ascribed to our changing lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards. Waste referred as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or unusable material. According to European councils’ directive “Waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required...
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...MANAGING RISKS IN CONSTRUCTION WORK Draft Code of Practice Table of Contents FOREWORD 4 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 4 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 What is construction work? 5 1.2 Who has duties relating to construction work? 7 1.3 What is involved in managing risks relating to construction work? 10 2. MANAGING RISKS WITH CONSTRUCTION WORK 12 2.1 Identify the hazards 12 2.2 Assess the risks 12 2.3 Control the risks 13 2.4 Review control measures 14 3. SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENTS 16 3.1 What is a safe work method statement? 16 3.2 Preparing a safe work method statement 17 3.3 Implementing a safe work method statement 18 3.4 Reviewing a safe work method statement 19 4. WHS MANAGEMENT PLANS 21 4.1 What is a WHS management plan? 21 4.2 Preparing a WHS management plan 21 4.3 Implementing the WHS management plan 21 4.4 Reviewing and revising a WHS management plan 22 5. LICENCES 23 5.1 High risk work 23 5.2 Other licences 23 6. INFORMATION, TRAINING, INSTRUCTION AND SUPERVISION 25 6.1 General construction induction training 25 6.2 Workplace specific training 26 6.3 Other training 26 6.4 Supervision 27 7. FACILITIES AND THE WORK ENVIRONMENT 28 7.1 Facilities at a construction workplace 28 7.2 The work environment 29 7.3 Emergency plan 31 8. CONTROLLING RISKS IN CONSTRUCTION WORK 32 8.1 Falls and falling objects 32 8.2 Traffic management 37 8.3 Essential services 38 8.4 Hazardous manual tasks 39 8.5 Hazardous chemicals...
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...CHAPTER 1 SOLID WASTE – TYPES, SOURCES AND PROPERTIES Learning Objectives; At the end of this lesson, students should be able to; 1. define solid waste 2. describe different types of solid wastes 3. recognize different sources of solid wastes 4. understand and state the three physical, chemical and biological properties of solid waste 2 Introduction Solid wastes are the wastes arising from human activities and are normally solid as opposed to liquid or gaseous and are discarded as useless or unwanted. Focused on urban waste (MSW) as opposed to agricultural, mining and industrial wastes. Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is the term applied to all the activities associated with the management of society's wastes. In medieval times, wastes discarded in the streets led to the breeding of rats and the associated fleas which carried the bubonic plague. The lack of management of solid wastes thus led to the Black Plague which killed half of 14th century Europe. 22 human diseases are associated to improper solid waste management. Solid wastes also have a great potential to pollute the air and water. Mining tailings from gold and silver mines will probably being spilling arsenic into the water supply forever. Materials Flow - The best way to reduce solid wastes is not to create them in the first place. Others methods include: decrease consumption of raw material and increase the rate of recovery of waste materials. Technological advances - Increased use of plastics and...
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...What is green building and why does it matter? For today’s Europe, green building represents one of the most significant and exciting opportunities for sustainable growth on both a national and a global scale. The design of our built environment impacts us all, as well as our economies and the natural environment, and Green Building Councils are driving its transformation towards sustainability. The design… ...of our homes is fundamental to our quality of life, comfort and how affordable they are to run ...of our workplaces impacts employee productivity, health and the prosperity of our companies ...of our schools leaves a life-long imprint on those who learn within them, influencing pupil concentration and how environmentally aware the next generation is ...of our hospitals affects patient recovery times and national health service bills ...of our cities and communities strongly determines their economic and social dynamics Green building… Takes an intelligent approach to energy • Minimising energy use in all stages of a building’s life-cycle, making new and renovated buildings more comfortable, less expensive to run and helping building users learn to be efficient too. • Integrating renewable and low carbon technologies to supply buildings’ energy needs, once design has maximised inbuilt and natural efficiencies. Why does it matter? Promotes health and well-being • Bringing a breath of fresh air inside, delivering high indoor air quality through...
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...State-of-the-art student union DeVry University / Keller Graduate School of Management PROJ-595-63126: Project Risk Management March 25th, 2016 Professor: Dr. Jayaram Madireddy Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Risk Managment 4 3. RISK ACCESSMENT…….……………………………………………………..10 4. Conclusion 12 5. References 13 1. Introduction “This project is to introduce a new construction facility to house a state-of-the-art student union for MSOE, focusing on sustainability, green technologies, and renewable energy”. The Campus Center, or “CC” at Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) is currently home to the student bookstore, administrative offices, a small café, a variety of classrooms for different disciplines, and a third-floor lounge area for students to gather to study or relax (Milwaukee School of Engineering, 2016). This aging building has served MSOE well for many years, but the growing school requires a proper student union to remain competitive with other top ranked schools in the Midwest. This project will provide a new construction facility to house a state-of-the-art student union for MSOE, focusing on sustainability, green technologies, and renewable energy sources to showcase the commitment of MSOE to the future health and well being of the Milwaukee area. 2. Risk Management Planning When analyzing the risks that takes place during the project planning phase. what is sometimes dificult to access is how the risk analysis...
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