Premium Essay

Constructive Receipt of the Commission Income

In:

Submitted By richardlusida
Words 545
Pages 3
FACTS: Adrian, a salesperson who represents several wholesale companies, receives a commission income check worth of $10,000 from Ace Distributors on January 2, 2014. However, the check is dated on December 30, 2013. Adrian argues that she has not gained full control over her check in 2013 because it is unreasonable to her to drive 50 miles to collect the check from the Ace offices. In addition, even though Adrian can collect the check by any means necessary on December 30, 2013, she cannot deposit this check into her account since banks would have closed when she returned. ISSUES: Does Adrian have constructive receipt of the income in 2013? FINDINGS: By applying the doctrine of constructive receipt of the income to the Adrian’s case, we determine that Adrian has a limited control over her check since she cannot deposit the check on December 30, 2013 because the banks are closed. For this reason, Adrian can report the commission income in 2014. REASONING AND AUTHORITY: According to the Regulation §1.451-2(a), under the general rule of the constructive receipt of income, “Income although not actually reduced to a taxpayer's possession is constructively received by him in the taxable year during which it is credited to his account, set apart for him, or otherwise made available so that he may draw upon it at any time, or so that he could have drawn upon it during the taxable year if notice of intention to withdraw had been given. However, income is not constructively received if the taxpayer's control of its receipt is subject to substantial limitations or restrictions”. In this case, we need to determine whether Adrian’s control of the income’s receipt is subject to substantial limitations or restrictions. By looking at the facts that are stated by Adrian, there are two limitations that make her cannot deposit the check and report it in 2013 taxable

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Tax Cases

...open from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. This time frame conflicted with Mr. Lucky’s work schedule and due to work being busy; his boss would not allow him to take an extended lunch to drive to the headquarters in St. Paul. Mr. Lucky received and deposited the check for the lottery winnings on January 7, 2011. ISSUE Does an individual taxpayer recognize the income from lottery winnings upon discovering the amount of the winnings or when the check for the winnings is received? CONCLUSION Lottery winners generally use the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, the IRS allows for the recognition of income when actually or constructively received. This method of income recognition means that income is constructively received when the income is made available so that the taxpayer may draw on it at anytime, without substantial limitations in doing so. Since Mr. Lucky was able to draw on the lottery winnings through two alternative methods and was not substantially limited to draw on the winnings, he will be required to include the lottery winnings in his taxable income for the year ended December 31, 2010....

Words: 839 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Student

...CHAPTER 4 GROSS INCOME: CONCEPTS AND INCLUSIONS SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM MATERIALS Question/ Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Learning Objective LO 1 LO 1 LO 1 LO 1 LO 1 LO 2, 3 LO 2 LO 2 LO 2 LO 2 LO 2 LO 3, 5 LO 3 LO 3 LO 3, 5 LO 4 LO 4 LO 4, 5 LO 4, 5 LO 4, 5 LO 4 LO 2, 4 LO 4 LO 4 LO 4 LO 1, 5 LO 1 LO 1, 2, 5 LO 1 LO 1, 2 LO 2, 5 Topic Goals of financial accounting versus taxation for income Economic versus taxable income Gross income Realization rationale Recovery of capital Constructive receipt and agent Constructive receipt and cash method taxpayer Hybrid method Original issue discount Gross income: timing Accrual basis versus cash basis Who is the taxpayer? Who is the taxpayer? Who is the taxpayer? Community property Alimony Transfer of property: divorce Alimony and property settlement Alimony, property settlement, and child support Below-market loans Below-market loans Below-market loans Annuity Group-term life insurance Social Security benefits Cash method Economic versus taxable income Gross income: investments Gross income Gross income Accrual basis versus cash basis 4-1 Status: Present Edition Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Modified Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged New Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged New Unchanged New Unchanged Unchanged Modified Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Q/P in Prior Edition 1 2 3...

Words: 10710 - Pages: 43

Premium Essay

Concepts in Federal Taxation 2011 Murphy Higgins 18th Edition Solutions Manual

...Concepts in Federal Taxation 2011 Murphy Higgins 18th Edition Solutions Manual Click here to download immediately!!! http://www.testbankpdf.com/taxation/concepts-in-federal-taxation-2011murphy-higgins-18th-edition-solutions-manual/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------Concepts Concepts Concepts Concepts in in in in Federal Federal Federal Federal Taxation Taxation Taxation Taxation 2011 2011 2011 2011 Murphy Murphy Murphy Murphy Higgins Higgins Higgins Higgins 18th 18th 18th 18th Edition Edition Edition Edition Solutions Solutions Solutions Solutions Manual Manual Manual Manual -------------------------------------------------------------------------***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL BOOK. YOU ARE BUYING the Solution Manual in e-version of the following book*** Name: Concepts in Federal Taxation 2011 Author: Murphy Higgins Edition: 18th ISBN-10: 0538467924 Type: Solutions Manual - The file contains solutions and questions to all chapters and all questions. All the files are carefully checked and accuracy is ensured. - The file is either in .doc, .pdf, excel, or zipped in the package and can easily be read on PCs and Macs. - Delivery is INSTANT. You can download the files IMMEDIATELY once payment is done. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. Our response is the fastest. All questions will always be answered in 6 hours. This is the quality of service we are providing and we hope to be your helper. Delivery is in the next moment...

Words: 30213 - Pages: 121

Premium Essay

United Commercial Bank Limited

...AN INTERNSHIP REPORT ON Analyzing the Problem of General Banking System of United Commercial Bank Limited Prepared By Sirajum Munira ID NO: 10254030 Department of Finance & Banking University of Rajshahi Supervised By Md. Monimul Haque Assistant Professor Department of Finance & Banking University of Rajshahi July 2012 Analyzing the Problem of General Banking System of United Commercial Bank Limited Prepared By Sirajum Munira ID NO: 10254030 Department of Finance & Banking University of Rajshahi An internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) Supervised By Md. Monimul Haque Assistant Professor Department of Finance & Banking University of Rajshahi July 2012 July-30, 2012 The Supervisor Department of Finance and Banking University of Rajshahi Subject: Submission of Internship Report Dear Sir, I am delighted to present my Internship Report on “Analyzing the Problem of General Banking System of United Commercial Bank Limited”, which is prepared in a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MBA. Preparing such kind of report is a great opportunity for me while having overall knowledge on General Banking practice. I believe that the practical learning will boost our intellects in our coming career life. I have...

Words: 11945 - Pages: 48

Premium Essay

Acctg 435 Test 1 Review

...340,000 * Estate Tax: combine with taxable gifts; to derive taxable estate, you are entitled to subtract contributions to spouse & charity. Only eligible for exemption if not used for gift tax purposes. Sales Tax: applied by state w/additional amnt imposed by city level Use Tax: prevents avoidance of sales tax (same rate as sales tax- use or consumption of personal property) FICA Tax: employee & employer--social security tax (6.2% up to $117,000) & medicare tax (1.45% unlimited); .9% med. tax on earned income above $200,000 for single & HOH and $250,000 for joint (only employees & on combined earned income of both spouses) Payment Requirements: must pay by normal filing date (April 15); unpaid taxes = fed short-term rate + specified %. Gov is not required to pay interest on refund within 45 days after the filing due date for return, otherwise same rate as underpayments. Late-Filing and Late-Payment Penalty: fail to file an income tax return = 5% penalty/mo of the unpaid balance up to 25% of tax balance due. After 5 mo, drops to ½%/mo of balance due in addition to interest due – no penalty for failure to file a tax return when no balance is due, can wave penalty charge , but not interest charge. Statute of Limitations: period of time where audit may be conducted or taxpayer may amend their return for a refund. Any tax imposed must be assessed w/in 3 yrs. of the filing or return due date (whichever is later) ; a claim for refund must be filed win 3...

Words: 1154 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Fraud Assignment

...responsible for filing a tax return when required and for determining and paying the correct amount of tax” (Albrecht, 567). While most people are honest and report their correct income and pay their tax obligations, some people intentionally distort their amount of income to underpay their taxes, or pay no tax at all. Intentionally underpaying your taxes is considered to be tax fraud and is a crime punishable by fines and/or imprisonment. Fraud is defined as “deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair or unlawful gain” (spamlaws.com). As it relates to taxes, fraud constitutes intentionally underreporting income that is legally due, or even intentionally overstating tax deductions and exemptions that you are not entitled to. The first version of Income Tax was introduced in Britain and known as a temporary tax used to help fund the Napoleonic Wars. As with most things, as soon as something new comes out, you have dishonest people already trying to hack, evade, manipulate, etc. for their own purposes. Needless to say, when these temporary taxes came out in Britain, “evasion of tax by claiming excessive allowances became so prevalent that a drastic overhaul of all types of deductions was effected” (kestreltax.com) This was due to the fact that many people had been falsely reporting lower levels of income. In fact, according to the same site, fraud and tax evasion became a...

Words: 1210 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Business Law Practice

...MODULE 2: THE CORPORATION AND TAXES 1. STATE POLICY & GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INCOME TAXATION ( promote sustainable economic growth ( provide equitable relief to a greater number of taxpayers ( improve levels of disposable income ( increase economic activity ( create a robust environment for business ( provide for the needs of those under its jurisdiction and care. ( General Principles: 1) Resident Citizen – all income from within & without 2) Nonresident Citizen – income within 3) Overseas contract worker – income within 4) Alien – income within 5) Domestic Corporation – within & without 6) Foreign Corporation – within x------------------------------------x 2. IMPORTANT BASIC TERMS IN GENERAL (NIRC §22) 2.1 Taxable Year ( Calendar year 2.2 Fiscal Year ( Accounting period of 12 months ending on the last day of any month other than December 2.3 Securities ( Proof of what Corporation owes, i.e. shares of stock, etc. 2.4 Ordinary Income ( Any gain from sale or exchange of property, not a capital asset or property 2.5 Gross Income - §27(A) & (E)(4) ( Domestic Corporations shall be imposed an income tax of 35% 2.6 Ordinary Loss ( Any loss from the sale or exchange of property which is not a capital asset ( Ordinary losses may only be charged against ordinary gains 2.7...

Words: 16206 - Pages: 65

Free Essay

Project Management

...Assignment on Project Management(PJTM-402) Topic: Project Proposal Submission Submitted To: Mr. Md. Sarwar Uddin Assistant Professor Faculty of Business Administration BGC Trust University Bangladesh Submitted By: Smile Group ID Name of group member Remarks 1016124 Md. Kamal Uddin 1016145 Md. Rashedul Karim Rakil 1016147 Ismail Mohammad 1016099 Afroja Sultana 1016115 Prianka Das 1016141 Sadia Begum 1016177 Dipa Deb Bormon 1015028 Sufia Sultana Date of Submission: October 26, 2013 Letter of Transmittal October 26, 2013 Mr. Dhiman Borua Lecturer Faculty of Business Administration BGC Trust University Bangladesh BGC Biddyanagar Campus Subject: Submission of group Assignment Dear Sir, We are glad to inform you that we have completed our group assignment on “Project Proposal Submission”. We have gathered extensive knowledge while we were doing this assignment. Though there was some limitation and difficulties but we tried our level best to eliminate those limitations with your help and your guidelines. We also express my honest confirmation in support of the fact that the said Assignment has neither been used before to fulfill any other course related purpose nor it will be submitted to any other person or authority in future. Yours sincerely, ………………………………… Md. Kamal Uddin (Group leader) On Behalf of “Smile Group” BBA , 7th Semester(sec:B), 16th Batch Faculty of Business Administration. Table of contents ...

Words: 3971 - Pages: 16

Premium Essay

Budget

...and high level of inflation. The budget stresses the need to revive growth in manufacturing and infrastructure sectors. It also highlights the importance of improvement in Tax to GDP ratio and Non-tax revenues. • Tax revenues budgeted at 10.6% of GDP in FY15. • Tax budgeted to grow at 20% in FY15 compared with 10% growth seen in FY14 • Assumption of nominal FY15 GDP growth of 13.4%. • Retains fiscal deficit target at 4.1% of GDP. • Increased divestment target of Rs 634 bn • Boost to domestic manufacturing and investments, particularly in infrastructure and export-oriented manufacturing sectors • PPF scheme annual ceiling enhanced to Rs 1.5 Lakh p.a. from Rs 1 Lakh at present • Personal income tax exemption limit raised by Rs 50,000/-, to Rs 2.5 Lakh • Investment limit under section 80C of the Income tax Act raised to Rs 1.5 lakh • Deduction limit on account of interest on loan in respect of self-occupied house property raised from 1.5 Lakh to Rs 2 Lakh • Rate of tax on long term capital gains (LTCG) increased to 20% on transfer of units of mutual funds, other than equity oriented funds. Also, the period of holding in respect of such units increased from 12 months to 36 months for the said purpose 2 UNION...

Words: 4977 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Taxation Code

...REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8424 TAX REFORM ACT OF 1997 AN ACT AMENDING THE NATIONAL INTERNAL REVENUE CODE, AS AMENDED, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Short Title - This Act shall be cited as the "Tax Reform Act of 1997". SECTION 2. State Policy. – It is hereby declared the policy of the State to promote sustainable economic growth through the rationalization of the Philippine internal revenue tax system, including tax administration; to provide, as much as possible, an equitable relief to a greater number of taxpayers in order to improve levels of disposable income and increase economic activity; and to create a robust environment for business to enable firms to compete better in the regional as well as the global market, at the same time that the State ensures that Government is able to provide for the needs of those under its jurisdiction and care. SECTION 3. Presidential Decree No. 1158, as amended by, among others, Presidential Decree No. 1994 and Executive Order No. 273, otherwise known as the National Internal Revenue Code, is hereby further amended. NATIONAL INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1997 AND ITS AMENDMENTS R.A. No. | TITLE | Date of Approval | Date of Effectivity | R.A. 8424 | The National Internal Revenue Code of 1997 | December 11, 1997 | January 1, 1998  | R.A. 8761 | An Act Imposing The Value-Added Tax on Certain Services Beginning January 1, 2001, Amending for the...

Words: 93639 - Pages: 375

Premium Essay

Ca Exam Prep

...California EXAM PREP The SMART Guide to Passing Kor Real Estate California Real Estate Exam Prep: The SMART Guide to Passing Cengage Learning Vice President/Editor-in-Chief: Dave Shaut Executive Editor: Scott Person Acquisitions Editor: Sara Glassmeyer Senior Marketing Manager: Mark Linton Manager of Technology, Editorial: John Barans Frontlist Buyer, Manufacturing: Kevin Kluck Art Director: Bethany Casey Content Project Manager: D. Jean Buttrom Production Service: Pre-Press/PMG-India Cover Designer: Pop Design Works, www.popdesignworks.com Cover Images: © Getty Images © 2009 Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—except as may be permitted by the license terms herein. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2008926512 Student Edition ISBN 13: 978-0-324-64498-2 Student Edition ISBN 10: 0-324-64498-1 Student Edition with CD ISBN 13: 978-0-324-64497-5 Student Edition with CD ISBN 10: 0-324-64497-3...

Words: 64373 - Pages: 258

Free Essay

Money Laundering

...| | a) As the company’s MLRO (see appendix) my assessment of the red flags that are apparent within this scenario prior to the call from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) are as follows:- Regardless of the further background checks undertaken by myself, the Bank should already have had cause for concern with this client. A major worry being the multi-jurisdictional aspect of the LLC business; registered in St.Luke but not incorporated there, the Head Office in Canada, business based in Belgium, clientele Canadian and U.S. based and using offshore jurisdictions around the world. There is no clear commercial rationale behind the reason for this which must be a major consideration when assessing client due diligence (CDD) as multi-jurisdictional structures are vulnerable for money laundering and terrorist financing. Concern is heightened further given that “95 per cent of its dealings involved legitimate money management in offshore jurisdictions around the world” and yet the company is registered for securities business in Canada. There is no precise understanding as to why this is and any account administrator picking up the file for the first time (or anytime) wouldn’t have a clear picture as to the exact nature of this business. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) issued a paper (1) on the misuse of corporate vehicles...

Words: 3719 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

General

...Volume 6 INTEGRATED PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE EXAMINATION GROUP I & ACCOUNTING TECHNICIAN EXAMINATION 11 SUGGESTED ANSWERS May, 2012 The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (Set up by an Act of Parliament) New Delhi SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS SET AT THE COMMON FOR INTEGRATED PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE EXAMINATION GROUP I & ACCOUNTING TECHNICIAN EXAMINATION MAY, 2012 BOARD OF STUDIES THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA (Set up by an Act of Parliament) The suggested Answers published in this volume do not constitute the basis for evaluation of the students’ answers in the examination. The answers are prepared by the Faculty of the Board of Studies with a view to assist the students in their education. While due care is taken in preparation of the answers, if any errors or omissions are noticed, the same may be brought to the attention of the Director of Studies. The Council of the Institute is not in anyway responsible for the correctness or otherwise of the answers published herein. ©THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF INDIA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission, in writing, form the publisher. Website Committee/ Department E-mail Price ISBN No. Published by : : www.icai.org Board of Studies : : : : bos@icai...

Words: 33857 - Pages: 136

Free Essay

Evaluation of Cash Management of Guico-Olivares Pharmacy

...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Pharmacies are very important business establishments in a community or city because this is where people buy drugs and other medical supplies needed especially for home medications, hospitals, or emergencies. Pharmacies are varying in demand anywhere that is why this can also be a good business idea. The main job of a pharmacy is to fill prescriptions made by doctors or other medical professionals. A pharmacist offers advice on medication and a pharmacy technician helps package the prescription. Today, added services are being offered by most pharmacies while some also have their own health and food convenience stores. Some medicines that can be bought from pharmacies don’t require prescription. Handling a business is not easy as one two three. An interested owner that deals with selling of pharmaceutical products need determination to operate business, the guts to get it going, the power to motivate his employees and the financial commitment to make it happen. You should also be competitive, a positive thinker and a goal minded person in order for you to make the business successful. One of the ways to be successful in business is to manage the cash properly and wisely. Cash management is a marketing term for certain services offered primarily to larger business customers. It may be used to describe all bank accounts (such as checking accounts) provided to businesses of a certain size, but it is more often used to describe...

Words: 4386 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Business

...Internship Report on Overall banking operations; A practical study on JBL, Kadirgonj branch, Rajshahi Submitted to the Department of Management of Rajshahi University in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the MBA degree Under the supervision of Prof. Dr. ANM Jahangir Kabir Department of Management University of Rajshahi Rajshahi- 6205 By Md. Rokonuzzaman Exam Roll No: 04107262 MBA in Management Session: 2003-2004 University of Rajshahi Rajshahi- 6205 April 20, 2010 MBA; Internship repot 0 Department of Management University of Rajshahi Rajshahi- 6205 Chapter objectives To be acquainted with the Background of JBL. To know about the Role and Function of JBL as a Commercial Bank. To be acquainted with different Branches of JBL at Rajshahi. To be acquainted with the Background of JBL, Kadirgonj Branch; Rajshahi. MBA; Internship repot 1 Department of Management University of Rajshahi Rajshahi- 6205 Theoretical discussion Janata Bank Limited, one of the state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh, has an authorized capital of Tk. 20000 million (approx. US$ 289.85 million), paid up capital of Tk. 5000.00 million, reserve of Tk.8202.00 million and retained surplus Tk. 2737.00 million. The Bank has a total asset of Tk. 282423.00 million as on 30th November 2009. Immediately after the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971, the erstwhile United Bank Limited and Union Bank Limited were renamed as Janata Bank. On 15th November, 2007 the bank has been corporatised and...

Words: 12517 - Pages: 51