...Unit 2 AB140 Assignment Danielle Irvine Kaplan University The evolution of management has greatly evolved since the classical approaches beginning early as 4000 BC. During this time managers didn’t draw a strong enough correlation between production and its employees. Although classical approaches had a strong influence on contemporary, it was not until these approaches that organizational managers began to focus less on the organizations capital and more on ever changing environments and the welfare of the organizations counter parts. Through contemporary approaches theorist began to realize successful managerial decisions would need to affect employees on a psychological equal to satisfy an organizations goals. By 1950 the contemporary approaches became the foundation of management from all aspects including recognizing an organization as an open system with external influential factors. Contemporary approaches to management are; Sociotechnical Systems, Quantitative Management, Organizational Behavior and Systems Theory. Within systems theory it has be established that an organization changes inputs into output through a process that will be determined and effected by internal, competitive and macroenvironments. Each approach focuses on a specific aspect of management that would affect the external environments of an organization. In the sociotechnical system the main focus of obtaining effectiveness is by strengthening the relationship between the social system and the...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Management and their Environments The different approaches to management have been changed, fine tuned and discarded over the years. In the coming paragraphs we will take a look at the contemporary approaches. We will examine how they compare to each other as well as if they can be utilized in the three types of environments; internal, competitive and macro environment. The first approach to management would be the sociotechnical systems theory. Researchers believed that for an organization to be successful it would need the social system and the technical system to work together in harmony. The social system consists of the employees, their knowledge, skills, attitude and their understanding of their job. Whereas the technical system consists of the items the employee need to complete the job like tools, devices or even techniques. Both systems would work together to create an outcome that would be beneficial to the organization. The second approach is the quantitative management approach. This approach uses mathematical or numeric techniques to calculate an organization’s issues so the manager can make an informed decision. Some techniques used are the linear equations, forecasting, simulation and breakeven analysis. This method is not used as much due to the fact an organization would need to find people that are very knowledgeable about quantitative mathematics. The third approach is the organizational behavior approach in which...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Management There are four contemporary approaches to management: sociotechnical systems theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, and systems theory. Sociotechnical systems theory attempts to redesign tasks to optimize operation of a new technology while preserving employees’ interpersonal aspects of the work (Bateman, 2013). This approach recognizes the interaction between people and technology in the workplace. Researchers believed that workers should be given the freedom to correct problems in the beginning stages of production and not wait until after the products were finished. This makes sense, as it would eliminate a lot of waste and production time. Quantitative management uses mathematical approaches to managerial approaches. The organizational behavior approach studies the impact of individuals, groups, and structures have on human behavior within organizations (Boundless, 2014). Finally, systems theory states that an organization is a managed system that changes inputs into outputs and emphasizes that an organization is one system in a series of subsystems. Sociotechnical systems theory is different from the other approaches because it deals with human and technology relationships. The employees are trained to make sure their technology helps their job performance, not hinders it. The quantitative management approach varies from the rest because it deals strictly with management problems. It is designed to...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is a suggestion of which accounting technique should to be integrated into BHP Billiton’s contemporary management accounting system. Through in depth research this technique has been identified as the environmental management accounting technique. This result was achieved through the research of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and the identification of the critical success factors. A balanced score card was then created using the information gathered to be used in identifying the most relevant technique. EMA was the technique decided upon as compared to the other techniques as it is the most relevant to BHP Billiton as their industry deals day to day with the environment and society. It will create awareness for the harm that is being done to the environment and will encourage them to create the minimum damage to the earth. It will also assess any repercussions of their actions that may affect society and bring harm to people. By integrating the EMA technique, it will help the organisation to collect the most relevant information to their situation and will assist in the planning, controlling and decision making within that organisation. This will improve the organisations strategy in which to help preserve the environment and also affect their financial state positively. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. BHP BILLITON LTD 5 ...
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...Historical and Contemporary Theories of Management Overview The idea of management is not new. Early forms of management concepts have been applied throughout history in order to progress as a society. Could Stonehenge have been built without the management of all of the required tasks? What about the Mayan or Egyptian pyramids? Could the stones for these monuments have been found, cut, and moved without a plan? Management activities were needed in order to complete these massive projects. In this reading, we will explore some of the early theories of management, although we will not be able to go as far back as the Mayans or Egyptians. We will start in the late 18th century and then work our way up to current and contemporary 21st century concepts. Early Management Theories The Industrial Revolution as well as the growth of factories and mass production created a need for strong management processes. Better and more efficient ways of manufacturing goods were needed in order to maximize productivity, bring down costs, and increase profitability. As a result, since the late 1800’s, theorists have developed a wide range of methods for improving management practices. As discussed earlier in this subunit, Frederick Winslow Taylor was an early pioneer of management theory. In this reading, we will discuss Taylor’s management approach and other early management theories, and then move on to more modern approaches. The Scientific Approach Taylor was the founder of the Scientific Approach...
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...The four contemporary approaches to management are: systems theory, organizational behavior, quantitative management and sociotechnical systems. Each contemporary approach is influenced by an environment factor. These impacts are macro-environment, competitive environment and internal environment. The macro-environment of an organization involves variables such as political, social, legal and technological. Competitive environment of an organization involves the organization and professional players whom compete in the market place. Internal environment of an organization are components and processes within, such as employees, managers and resources. Each environment is relevant to the contemporary approaches however the approaches are unique in their own way. To elaborate more, the systems theory demonstrates that the organization’s execution relies on how efficient it is administering goods and services utilizing inputs from the external environment, in a matter that changes inputs to outputs. An open system is associations that would influenced by, and that affect, their surroundings, continually interacting with its environment (Bateman & Snell, 2012, p. 42). Internal, competitive and macro-environment are relevant to the systems theory because this approach to management deals with circumstances inside and outside of the organization. Quantitative management organizes scientific or measurable data as premise for choices...
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...UNIVERSITY OF SUNDERLAND ASSESSMENT COVER SHEET / FEEDBACK FORM BA (HONS) BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Student ID: Module Name: Center / College: Assessment Title: Learning Outcomes Assessed: Learning Outcomes Assessed: Feedback relating learning outcomes assessed and assessment criteria given to students: Mark: Student Name: Module Code: Due Date: Hand in Date: Areas for Commendation: Areas for Improvement: General Comments: Assessors Signature: Overall Mark (subject to ratification by the assessment board) Moderators Signature: Students Signature: (you must sign this declaring that it is all your own work and all sources of information have been referenced) University of Sunderland REPORT S I M3 3 7 Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Name: Student number: Hand-In-Date: Eugen Nagel 089 111011 08 January 2010 Abstract This is a management report of 3,500 to 4,000 words on the organisation TUI Aktiengesellschaft (AG = PLC), situated in Germany, which operates globally. This report should assesses the impact of external and internal factors on the organisation and evaluate the organisation responses. (In the case of a large organisation or industry-sector it is permissible to confine your report to part of the organisation or industry-sector.) The report consists of two tasks: The first task is to describe and analyse the primary internal and external influences to which the organisation TUI (Touristik Union International)...
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...Contemporary Issues in Strategic Management Group 2. Business Level Strategy: How Firms choose to Achieve Competitive Advantage Purpose Your presentation is based on Lecture 4 and the aim of your presentation is to explain: * Porter’s generic strategy framework in terms of: * How the alternative strategies are achieved * How they position the firm favourably against the five forces in the competitive environment * What are the risks associated with each strategy * Why Porter thought doing both strategies (stuck-in-the-middle) would result in mediocre performance * How firms can achieve both strategies and succeed – a hybrid or integrated strategy. Structure & Content Your presentation should take about 30 minutes but no longer than 45 minutes. The questions which you need to answer in order to structure your presentation are taken from the Review Questions (page 114) at the end of Chapter 4 in your textbook (Ireland et al.). Answer Review Questions: 3, 4 & 5 in your textbook, Ireland et al chapter 4, pg. 114. To start the Tutorial discussion you must close your presentation by answering the question: Argue why Ireland et al (pg.109) think IKEA is pursuing a focused cost leadership strategy. Do you agree with their conclusion? Assessment Criteria See the assessment criteria for the group presentation on Moodle. Note, you will gain additional marks for demonstrating the depth of your understanding of...
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...ASSIGNMENT DECLARATION FORM Lecturer: Emer Fay Module Name: contemporary sports management Date of Submission: 17th November 2017 We declare that the work contained in this submission is our own work, and has not been taken from the work of others. Any sources cited have been acknowledged within the text of this submission. We have read and understood the policy regarding plagiarism in ITB. Karl Canning B00106861 Aaron Ball B00101168 Luke Heeney B00107437 Table of contents Assignment decoration form page 1 Table of contents page 2 Introduction page 3 Main body What is Nike page 3 Marketing Breakdown Page 3 Advertisement page 3 Sponsorships of athletes Cristiano Ronaldo Kobe Bryant Tiger woods Sponsorships of teams Barcelona Paris saint Germain...
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...CS113: Academic Strategies for the Business Professional Unit 2 Time Management Assignment Full Name: Armijo Cooper Two-digit Section #: 18 Download this document to your computer before filling it out. Save the document (using Save As) as “YourName-Unit 2-TimeManagement” (YourName should be your first and last name. Example: “JohnDoe-Unit2-TimeManagement.doc”). Add your full name and the two-digit section number for this CS113 course to the top of this page. Objective: Consider the time needed to succeed in school. For each course you take, you should allot 12–15 hours for reading, posting Discussion comments, attending Seminars, completing Assignments, reviews and Quizzes (in applicable units). This means that if you have two courses, 24–30 hours should be allotted to school work on this calendar. >>>>> Make sure to complete Item B – Reflection as well! <<<<< Directions: Map out your academic calendar for Unit 2. You may also include any other important activities (personal or work related) during the time period for this Assignment. Save often as you work on this. CHALLENGE: Make this calendar a useful tool that you will continue to utilize throughout the entire term! Item A – Unit 2 Calendar Unit 2 Calendar: Please recognize that Wednesday is the first day of your school week. Place your times and tasks within each segment. Notice the day has been separated into three parts. Your document may expand automatically as you type. Keep this structure...
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...Pricing is the value that put to a product or service. The method decided by company to set as a selling price. The price is based on product costs and customer’s perceived price on the product. Price is very important to business because it represent business’ assessment of the value customers see in the product or service and are willing to pay for product or service. The price of product or service is actually one of the most important management decisions, while product, place and promotion have emotional impact of costs. Price is the only one of the element that stresses up company’s profits. Price can lead to a firm’s survival or demise. The price of product or service is actually one of the most important for management to make a decision for any project. To adjusting the price has a reflective influence on the business strategy, and depending on the price elasticity of the product or service that provided, it will frequently affect the demand and sales as well and it is too high and one that is too low for limit growth of the product. The improper price can also depressingly effect of sales and cash flow that this company having. Problems happen if fails then have to set a price to complements the other elements for the business objectives. When a high price has designates the product with the high quality. The word of luxury comes into our mind. However, a company wants to focus itself to a low-cost provider, so it will charge low prices to the customer. When the...
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...Contemporary Approaches to Management & Environments The Four Contemporary Approaches to Management 1. Socio-technical Systems 2. Quantitative Management 3. Organizational Behavior 4. Systems Theory How the Approaches are Different from One Another Socio-technical systems theory is a contemporary approach to management that says that a proper combination of workers (the social system) and their knowledge, training and tools (the technical system) leads to organizational effectiveness in satisfying customers. Emphasis: Social + Technical Quantitative management is another contemporary approach to management that prioritizes mathematical or statistical analysis as basis for decisions. Emphasis: Quantitative analysis The organizational behavior contemporary approach mainly considers the behaviors and interactions of workers. Emphasis: Individual and group behaviors Systems theory shows that the organization’s performance depends on how effective it is in providing goods or services using inputs from the external environment. Emphasis: Changing inputs into outputs Definition: Open System In the systems theory contemporary approach to management, an open system is a set of components and processes, i.e. the organization, subject to the influence of the external environment. The organization is an open system because its components and processes change due to external factors. Internal, Competitive, and Macro-environments of an Organization The internal environment...
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...CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT WORD COUNT: 2568 Date of submission: 07/01/2013 Q. Referring to material from the unit, critically evaluate how the passage relates to issues concerning the business activities of MNCs and the concept of ethical leadership. ‘For however strong you may be in respect of your army, it is essential that in entering a new Province you should have the good will of its inhabitants. Hence it happened that Louis XII of France, speedily gaining possession of Milan, as speedily lost it; … For the very people who had opened the gates to the French King, when they found themselves deceived in their expectations and hopes of future benefits, could not put up with the insolence of their new ruler.’ ‘I conclude, therefore, that when a prince has the goodwill of the people he must not worry about conspiracies; but when the people are hostile and regard him with hatred he must go in fear of everything and everyone. Well-organized states and wise princes have always taken great pains not to make the nobles despair, and to satisfy the people and keep them content; this is one of the most important tasks a prince must undertake.’ (Machiavelli, 1513) A. The extract from Machiavelli’s, The Prince demonstrates a strong correlation to the issues involved in the business activities of modern day MNCs and the concept of ethical leadership. According to Resick, Hanges, Dickson, & Mitcheluson (2006), analysing data from the global leadership and...
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...1. A list of assets, liabilities, and owners' equity as of a specific date is a (n) (Points: 4) Balance sheet 2. Which principle determines the amount initially entered into the records for purchases (Points: 4) Cost principle 3. The "rules" of accounting are called (Points: 4) Generally Accepted Accounting Principals 4. The portion of a corporation's net income retained in the business is called (Points: 4) Retained Earnings 5. Brennan, Inc. had revenues of $234,000, expenses of $175,000, and dividends of $40,000 during 2009. Which of the following statements is correct? (Points: 4) Net income for 2009 totaled $59,000 6. Which statement is normally prepared first? (Points: 4) Income statement 7. The resources a business owns are called (Points: 4) assets 8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a corporation (Points: 4) Corporations make up 20% of all businesses. 9. An entity that is organized according to state or federal statutes and in which ownership is divided into shares of stock is a (Points: 4) Governmental Unit 10. Which of the following is NOT an element of the financial accounting system? (Points: 4) A set of rules for the stock exchange Controls to determine whether errors occur during recording 11. The basic financial statements do NOT include the (Points: 4) tax return. 12. In October...
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...The Four Contemporary Approaches to Management According to Bateman and Snell (2013), sociotechnical systems theory implies that organizations are satisfactory when their employees (the social system) have the right tools, training, and knowledge (the technical system) to make goods and services that are valued by customers (Bateman & Snell, 2013, p. 20). The term sociotechnical was invented by the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations in Britain (Marshall 1998). (Marshall 1998) found that “the Tavistock researchers argued that technology merely constrains human action, rather than rigidly determining behavioral outcomes” (para. 2). Employees having the ability to choose can build good interpersonal relationships in the workplace. A quantitative management approach involves the use of mathematics to solve problems on the job. According to Bateman & Snell (2013), “quantitative management helps a manager make a decision by developing formal mathematical models of the problem. Computers facilitated the development of specific quantitative methods” (p. 21). This particular management approach may be used in the workplace when developing new products or even resolving conflicts between employees. Organizational behavior focuses on the relationship between managers and employees. Organizational behavior draws from a variety of disciplines, including psychology and sociology, to explain the behavior of people on the job (Bateman & Snell, 2013, p. 22). According to Robbins &...
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