... Charlottesville, Virginia was put in a state of emergency on Saturday as chaos tore through the streets with hundreds of people viciously attacking each other. There are still discussions on what cause the outbreak of violence in that town and what groups were involved but one word that keeps describing this tragic event is “terrorism.” The two main sides of the fighting were between right-wing protestors who were banned together by the ideology of white supremacy who gathered together to promote “Unite the Right” and was expected to be the largest gathering of white nationalist. Groups like neo-Nazis, Ku Klux Klan and movement leaders like Richard Spencer and David Duke were present during this rally. On the other side of the spectrum were the counter protestors who sided more left and identified as “anti-fascist.” Although it is unclear what cause the two sides to attack each other, a rally was scheduled to take place at noon on Saturday with regards to the removal of the Robert E. Lee statue located in Emancipation Park, but the violence broke out long before then. The Lee statue was approved by city council to be removed and several parks were to be renamed because they were named after confederate generals. Jason Kessler, who organized the rally at noon stated that “The statue itself is symbolic of a lot larger issue.” He claims that his protest was standing up for the preservation of American history and the interest of white people. Kessler believes that all groups should...
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...Contrast liberal and mercantilist theories of international political economy and consider which approach is most apparent in the contemporary world. The following seeks to contrast liberal and mercantilist theories that have developed to describe and analyze the international political economy. Once the contrasts have been made conclusions as to which theory is the most apt or apparent in the contemporary world will be drawn. Both liberal and mercantilist theories have advantages and disadvantages when used to understand the international political economy in the present global system. Perhaps it would be more apt to describe the liberal theory as being neo-liberal as it has undergone a recent revival in popularity. It must be remembered that whether a state is most influenced by liberal or mercantilists theories that trade will never be completely free of duty and tariffs, as they are useful sources of revenue for governments. Governments also have to have relationships with other governments and non-state actors that may or may not share their worldview. Liberalism itself can be dated back to the English, American and French revolutions of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when the mercantilist economic system evolved into capitalism. Liberals were originally regarded as being politically centrist or left wing in outlook but favoring little or no state intervention in the economy. In its original form liberal economic theory strongly advocated a free market...
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... ➢ Types of power ➢ Graphical Representation of power ➢ Defination Of Politics ➢ How power and politics means in corporate sector? ➢ Relate power and poltics ➢ Methodology ➢ Conclusion INTRODUCTION Power and Politics have been described as the last dirty words. People who got power but they supposed to deny and sometimes they misuse their power and they want it not to try and not look like they are seeking it, and those who are good at getting it are secretive and how they have to do so. Politic also plays an important role in corporate sector. All things should mentioned below, how they supposed to use their political work in an organization. By harassing the employees and specially the ladies for their sexual harassments. And they also made a group and create problem for other employees and also for an organization. Defination Of Power “power is a capacity that person has to influence the behavior of other persons so acts in accordance with that particular person wishes. » The potential to influence others » People have power they...
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...legitimate system of influences may become illegitimate.” (Tushman, 1977, pg. 217) Power and politics have been on the forefront of organizations for centuries, and is essential to people in positions of authority. Typically, people in position are the ones who typically have the power because it is a function that is necessary to ensure they can effectively play their role as the top or figure head. Without power the manager or department head would be a figure occupying space. In the game of power and politics management and the leader of the organization have a significant place. Contrast and Comparison of Power and Politics There is a relationship between power and politics. Whether it is directly or indirectly, political behaviors entail some kinds of power. Power can be exercised by those who are in positions and enjoy authority or influenced by other persons close...
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...Table of Contents Contents | Pages | The concept of power | 2 | Sources of power | 2 | Political strategies and tactics | 8 | What is political Behavior | 9 | What are the factors contributing to Political behavior | 9 | POLITICS: Power in action: | 11 | What are the Reality of Politics | 11 | What is Organizational Politics | 12 | What is Power? Power is the capacity to influence the behavior of others.3 The term power may be applied to individuals, groups, teams, departments, organizations, and countries. For example, a certain team within an organization might be labeled as powerful, which suggests that it has the ability to influence the behavior of individuals in other teams or departments. This influence may affect resource allocations, space assignments, goals, hiring decisions, and many other outcomes and behaviors in an organization. Definitions of power abound. German sociologist, Max Weber defined power as "the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance." Along similar lines, Emerson suggests that "The power of actor A over actor B is the amount of resistance on the part of B which can be potentially overcome by A." Power appears to involve one person changing the behavior of one or more other individuals -- particularly if that behavior would not have taken place otherwise. Contrasting Leadership and Power Leadership focuses on goal achievement. It...
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...- How does one deal with office politics and backstabbing? Imagine At work there are many who side up to the that a boss and do things that please them. Most of the colleague time achievement of such people is also to showcase others shortcomings (and not their own is strengths! When you know someone is running you down slowly but surely, what can you do? Engaging to Every organization should cultivate a climate/environment where backbiting and politics cannot survive. All employees are expected illegitimate to be mature individuals who are more concerned about productivity and growth (of the organization as well as e political themselves) rather than indulge in such silly antics. Behavior this is a very common situation in offices. I have towards been through this and I can understand this situation. Having said that, I was able to come out you. What of this situation by following some basic things: steps might you. (1) Put in all your efforts to perform your JOB well. Showcase the results to the right people. (2) Talk to the person directly (if the person is reduce or receptive). In case the person is obnoxiously arrogant / not open to listening or talking. Move to eliminate. (3) In case the person is willing to talk to you...explain..."I like the way you give your behavior? Opinion and feedback on various things to the Boss...however, I was just thinking, sometimes your feedback sounds like a severe criticism and might not be constructive...can we be more - Constructive while...
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...Political Behaviour in Organizations Review the definition of organizational politics. Discuss whether an organization can be totally free of political behaviours? How could managers minimize political behaviours in their organization? (Farrell and Petersen 1982) states that Political behaviour resides in informal structures and relates to the promotion of self and group interests rather than being part of those formal roles regulated by organizational norms and goals. Both researchers went on to define Political behaviour in organizations as “those activities that are not required as part of one’s organizational role but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization.” Additionally (Robbins and Judge 2011) suggested that organizational politics focuses on the use of power to affect decision making in an organization or on individual and organizationally unsanctioned behaviours. It also includes efforts to influence the goals, criteria or processes used for decision making. (Robbins and Judge 2011) indentified two dimensions which influences political behaviours within the organization, and which plays a pivot role in the behaviours and attitudes found in the organization. These include: legitimate and illegitimate political behaviour. Legitimate political behaviour refers to the normal everyday polities which includes obstruction of organizational policies and decision through inaction or excessive...
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...MGT4110: Organizational Behavior Power & Politics Professor Dr. AAhad M. Osman-Gani, MBA, MA, PhD (USA) Department of Business Administration Kulliyyah of Economics & Management Sciences Power Power refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B, so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes. Power may exist but not be used. Probably the most important aspect of power is that it is a function of dependency. A person can have power over you only if he or she controls something you desire. 13-2 Power and Dependence Person B’s countervailing power over Person A Person A Person A’s control of resource valued by Person B Resource desired by person B Person B Person A’s power over Person B 10-3 Contrasting Leadership and Power • Leaders use power as a means of attaining group goals. • Leaders achieve goals, and power is a means of facilitating their achievement. 13-4 Contrasting Leadership and Power - Goal compatibility Power does not require goal compatibility, merely dependence. - The direction of influence Leadership focuses on the downward influence on one’s followers. 13-5 Five Bases of Power Formal Power: Legitimate Power Reward Power Coercive Power Personal Power: Expert Power Referent Power 13-6 Bases of Power Legitimate Agreement that people in certain roles can request certain behaviors of others Based on job descriptions and mutual agreement Legitimate power range varies across national...
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...Accounting Theory is designed to provide students with an understanding of historical and contemporary issues that influence the development of accounting thought. As it has developed accounting theory has three main approaches, the descriptive or positive, the normative and the critical viewpoints. Based on these theoretical perspectives this unit will examine current issues such as social and environmental accountability, the ethical and global dimensions of accounting and the political context within which accounting policy decisions are made. The unit will take a research focus in that the work of researchers in accounting will be discussed. Accounting Theory is designed to provide students with an understanding of historical and contemporary issues that influence the development of accounting thought. As it has developed accounting theory has three main approaches, the descriptive or positive, the normative and the critical viewpoints. Based on these theoretical perspectives this unit will examine current issues such as social and environmental accountability, the ethical and global dimensions of accounting and the political context within which accounting policy decisions are made. The unit will take a research focus in that the work of researchers in accounting will be discussed. Accounting Theory is designed to provide students with an understanding of historical and contemporary issues that influence the development of accounting thought. As it has developed accounting...
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...relationship between the individual and the community. This altered our essential concepts of the public and private monarchy within social life during the twentieth century. In the twenty-first century, the contemporary liberal democratic impulse towards both an unfettered individualism and a strong restricted civic community or culture has developed major challenges to Weber’s ‘modern’ approach to public administration. From former U.S. President Bill Clinton’s declaration that “the era of big government is over” in 1995, to recent proclamations within international theories of a new world order cemented by a ‘global’ civil society, ‘bureaucracy’, as the foundation of the contemporary nation-state, has been challenged on a theoretical and practical level. It is from this exemplar that democratic administration theory has largely emerged. Responding to the new challenges of traditional bureaucracy and their subsequent ‘hollowing out of the State’ as an effective institution, democratic administration theory has attempted to construct a new basis of administrative rule in which both the ‘expert’ and ‘client’ becomes leveled in their discourse through democratic and even radical reform of the administrative process itself. This newfound principle of political rule is in stark contrast to Max Weber’s belief in the eventual “leveling of the governed” in their submission to a rational-legal order. According to Weber, this system will be administered by bureaucratic experts...
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...The significance of the Haitian Revolution for the practice of contemporary theory. 1. Introduction Philosopher Peter Hallward claims, “If the French Revolution stands as the great political event of modern times the Haitian Revolution must figure at the most decisive sequence of that event” (Hallward, 2004:2). From a historical perspective, it is important that one recognises the significance of this event. The Haitian Revolution was a struggle for self-determination against colonial imperialism and slavery but it was also so much more than that as it was a struggle for the liberation of the African mind too. The Haitian Revolution influenced thinkers such as Peter Hallward and Alain Badiou, C.L.R. James as well as pan-Africanist thinkers such as Marcus Garvey and later Franz Fanon himself. In this paper I will analyse the Haitian Revolution not in a historical context per se but rather by examining its significance on the practice of contemporary theory. My argument in this paper is that the Haitian Revolution as an empirical event challenged many assumed theoretical universalities and in so doing has made contemporary theory ever more useful in terms of making sense of the world and uncovering hidden truths. For the purpose of this paper, theory as a concept as well as the practice of theory as process needs to be discussed in detail. Theory as a concept can best be understood as a system of ideas that are meant to explain a facet of existence. Thory can be very bold...
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...humans, need authority in order to live (Seligman, 2003). An example of authority in the UK system could be the Prime Minister, as he has the power to “give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience” (Collins English Dictionary, 2009). The definition of legitimacy has many forms and shapes but some may argue that it derives from something that is right and proper. “Legitimacy has both a normative and a sociological meaning” (Keohane and Buchanan, 2006). This argues that normative legitimacy is the right to rule whereas the sociological meaning is the belief to have the right to rule. It can also be said that, legitimacy can be applied to many structures such as states, governments, policies or leaders. This basis is used in UK’s contemporary society. The government in power has legitimacy as it is compliant with the...
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...intentions of politicians. This essay will highlight the fact that the role of a professional politician, where instant decisive and important decisions need to be made, and the context sometimes require democratically elected politicians, engaged in a social contract with the electorate, to lie to safeguard the greater good of national and global citizens. Due to the volume of theory and discourse related to this topic, it would not be practical to analyse all aspects to this question. However, this essay will examine the following: first, it will look at the unique nature of the role of a politician, followed by an overview of the social contract theory and the contributions made to it by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Rawls. Then, the work of Niccolo Machiavelli and the notion of Reason of State will be examined, followed, in turn, by Utilitarianism, commenting on the contributions of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. This will be done before going onto balance the essay by introducing a counterargument offered by Idealism. Finally, to contextualise the thesis, there will be a contemporary example given of a world leader having to lie for the greater good of global citizens for possible prevention of future harm. Politicians work in a difficult profession and what they do is for the common good of society as a whole. Bellamy (2010) asserts that evidence to suggest that democratic politicians possess fewer morals than the general public lacks validity. They...
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...traditional and contemporary times, it seeks to place Asia’s diverse cultures in a global context. It examines issues such as how to define Asia, how Asian states related to each other, and how Western ideas of international relations have transformed these relations. The unit has two strands, each considering a set of ideas. First it examines the great religions/philosophies of Asian societies – Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Confucianism – have influenced them. It then considers international relations theory and how theories can help us understand the complexities of Asian states’ relations with each other and the wider world. Credit point value 10 Pre-requisites Nil Co-requisites Nil Unit/s incompatible with and not to be counted for credit Nil Unit level 1 Assumed knowledge None Attendance requirements Attendance below 80% at tutorials without due cause may constitute grounds for failure. Non-attendance in tutorials for illness or misadventure or other reasons should be documented and submitted to the unit coordinator upon return. Enrolment restrictions Nil Unit learning outcomes Students who successfully complete this unit will be able to: • identify of the diversity and complexity of Asia; • explain the social manifestations and international political impact of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism in an Asian context; • evaluate the balance between continuity and change in Asian traditions and contemporary societies; ...
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...International Relations. His study on the History of the Peloponnesian War provides awareness of the conflict and various analyses on the causes of the war by observing the strategic interaction between the states, hierarchy amongst the states along with legitimacy and levels of power to determine the pattern of their relations. Although there are undeniably numerous differences between Thucydides era and our world system today, Thucydides persists to influence contemporary international relations, namely Realism, with many realists frequently referring to the Melian Dialogue when advocating a power-based approach. With Thucydides often portraying insights into human nature, many scholars use his findings as a guide that is still relevant today due to the generality of self-interest, fear and power maximisation that still occurs as it did previously. Thucydides’ relevance today has been greatly perceived through his impact upon political realism in his studies concerning the concept of power politics. Whilst political realism expresses the view that international relations is the battle of self-interested states that are involved in the struggle of power politics within a permanent moral-free state of anarchy, Thucydides’ work denotes that international relations is anarchical and dissolute. When analysing the strategic interaction of states and the hierarchy amongst them he observes that the systems order is shaped by the powerful in order to inflict their power to sustain...
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