...the suffrage and birth control movements. The birth control unlike the suffrage movement is still an ongoing battle, even though women have the right to contraception, but many women don’t have access to because of certain state’s government have laws limiting that access to birth control. By the government controlling women’s access to birth control they are controlling the liberty for women. Birth control has been a very controversial topic and taboo since the classical period. Before one can grasp why and how birth control and the use of birth control can be controversial, one will need to understand what birth control is and the history. First, birth control should be viewed as a woman’s basic right that goes hand in hand with her first amendment right, and without any interference from the government. The all encompassing question is what is birth control? Birth control is a practice, material, or device by which sexual intercourse can be rendered incapable of producing a pregnancy (Walker 161). While birth control through the centuries had been practice by both men and women in an extensive variety of ways, but only in the past two centuries that birth control has become a big matter of public debate. At a point in time, even speaking and writing about birth control was not protected by our first amendment. The law that forbids any mere...
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...all think that the church has and continues to support inequalities between men and women, this is due to the fact that the teachings benefit men more than women, the main concerns of feminists are religious organisations, place of worship, sacred texts and religious laws and customs. However, another area for concern are the religious professionals, these have traditionally been male and women have not been able to become priests or rabbi’s and were only able to be adorned in 1992 however, this is slowly changing with the vote for female bishops being passed, we should be seeing female bishops before the end of the year. Whilst women remain the main attendees of the church, they still are restricted within their roles, whilst men’s roles within the church tend to be primary, i.e. priest or organ player, women’s roles tend to be behind the scenes and secondary. The place of worship can be very problematic for females, especially of the Jewish faith as they are not allowed to touch their holy book, the Torah. Within religion, females are limited to where they can go at home and also in their place of worship. These limitations can be problematic for feminists for example; Swale (2000) argues that because Jewish women have to sit on the balcony during mass as not to distract the men is very problematic for women In most religions, the sacred texts contain all male gods and are also they’re written by men and...
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...Perspective of Messianic Judaism John W. Stroud HUM/130 November 28, 2010 Terry Barnes An Outside Perspective of Messianic Judaism Many people are born and raised in a religion without ever feeling complete or whole. There are those born and raised Jewish but never felt Judaism provided the answers for which they sought. These unsatisfied Jews have often looked to other religions for their answers. Many of those answers have been found in a form of Judaism that is often looked down upon by the more traditional Jews. This Messianic Judaism combines the core beliefs of Christianity with the traditional Jewish lifestyle. This combination of two distinct religions has shown the world that a religion can allow its members to maintain their traditional lifestyle while providing them with the spiritual nourishment they long for. Messianic Judaism Messianic Judaism is a branch of Judaism that believes Yeshua or Jesus was the Son of God and the Messiah as foretold by the prophets in the Old Testament of the Bible. Messianic Judaism also believes that the Bible, which consists of the Tenach or Holy Scriptures and the B’rit Hadasha or New Covenant, is the only infallible and authoritative word of God (Union of Messianic Jewish Congregations, 2008). This belief includes that the Bible comes from divine inspiration and its teachings are the final authority in matters of faith and how to practice that faith (International Alliance of Messianic Congregations and Synagogues, 2010)...
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...Should Abortion be legalized? Introduction To fully understand the issue of abortion, we must first understand exactly what abortion is and the history behind the issue. According to the Webster’s Dictionary (2012) abortion is defined as the “termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus.” An abortion can take place under two different conditions. The two conditions are therapeutic and elective. Therapeutic abortion is when a pregnancy is terminated due to medical condition(s) that may endanger a mother’s health. On the other hand elective abortion is the termination of a pregnancy under any other conditions outside of health (Medical News Today, 2009). Throughout history there were various methods that were used in terminating pregnancies. However even though the methods differed, the trimester or duration of the pregnancy determined what type of procedure is used. Also the severity of the side effects and pain differed by what type of procedure use. According to the Medical News Today (2009) the methods used are clinical, surgical, and herbs. The two main types of abortions are the clinical and surgical. Although both procedures have their risks the herbal tends to be considered “extremely dangerous” compared to clinical and surgical abortion due to its history of causing internal injuries (Medical News Today). Foremost, both the clinical and the surgical procedure are...
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...State University Jennifer Walker Abstract The Roe versus Wade Supreme Court Case has had a huge impact on abortion laws in the United States. Before 1973, abortions were illegal and criminal, with few exceptions. Overnight, the decision in the case legalized first trimester abortions while leaving the specifications of the other trimesters up to the states. This case has led to many debates over the value of life and when life begins whether at conception, independence from mother, or first breath. All of these can be defined by religion, law, or individual beliefs. Unfortunately, none of the policies before or after Roe versus Wade have addressed the issue of unintended pregnancies, which is the underlying cause of abortion. Until this is addressed, policies will continue to be created, implemented, and challenged. Policies in Relation to Abortion Before and After the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Case Introduction In 1973, a case was selected to be heard by the Supreme Court that would substantially impact women’s rights then and continue to impact them today. The case was over Texas policy article 1911 that stated, “If any person shall designedly administer to a pregnant woman or knowingly procure to be administered with her consent… and thereby procure an abortion, he shall be confined in the penitentiary not less than two nor more than five years…” (Law Library, 2014). The only exceptions to abortion were if a medical professional believed the mother’s life was at risk...
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...Contemporary Issues in Western Religions Harry Potter REL/134 November 20, 2011 UoP Instructor Contemporary Issues in Western Religions Religious beliefs have been the center of many conflicts across the entire world since the beginning of time. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism the major monotheist religious traditions have been at the heart of many of those religious conflicts. Historical connections and theological similarities are prevalent between the three. In parallel to the similarities exists the contemporary struggles affecting these western religious traditions. From the internal struggles within Christianity such as abortion, to its struggles with Islam and Muslim extremists, finally to the contempt against Christianity from actions of the Holocaust, each tradition faces contemporary struggles within their own right. Gaining a better understanding and insight into the historical, theological, and contemporary struggles between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism will enhance appreciation for each belief. Historical Connections and Theological Similarities: One main pillar of similar theology between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism is the belief in one god. However, each has different perspectives in relation to God. For example, Christians believe in [pic]the Trinity[pic] of [pic]God; God the Father, the Son (Jesus[pic] Christ), [pic]and the Holy Spirit[pic] ("Judaism, Islam, Christianity-Comparison", 2002-2011). Also Christians consider Jesus...
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...Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited books Censorship; USA Patriot Act 2001-US AND Civil liberties; Filtering software;Banned books Child abuse ...
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...Baby Killer. That is the phrase associated with a woman who is either considering getting an abortion or someone who actually received one. But, Why? Do they honestly deserve the title of a murderer after their last name? In the United States history, many laws, trials, activists and organizations have existed in order to end the act of abortion; however, they have all failed. In the late 1800’s, the idea of abortion was not a significant problem since every state in the United States adopted laws banning it. No one raised a voice against it, even the women because not only did they have no rights in the country, but they also had minimum education about childbirth, pregnancy, contraceptives and etc. However, just a few years before women gained legal voting rights in America, in 1916 a woman named Margaret Sanger formed the Birth Control League to promote contraception and abortion. Sanger believed that if a woman has the right to be sexually active then she also has the right to make her own decisions when it comes to facing the consequences of it. Even though it has been a century since these ideas of abortion were proposed in the society, many of us, unfortunately, still have the same old-fashioned beliefs. Rarely anyone has a positive view about it or even accepts it. Often women who receive an abortion are looked down upon in our society; however, many women have significant explanations that include financial instability, religious beliefs and personal reasons. It is...
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...Introduction to Kyrgyzstan Location Figure 1.1: Map of Central Asia Located in Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan, a country that obtained its independence from Soviet Union on 1991, 31st August is a mountainous country with 95% of its area covered by the Tien Shan mountain range. With a total area of 199,951 square kilometer, 94% of the country is 3,300ft above sea level with an average height of 9,020ft. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by four countries with Kazakhstan on the north and northwest, Uzbekistan on the southwest, Tajikistan on the south, and China in the east. As a common issue of Central Asian nations whereby the borders where not clearly defined by the Soviet rules, there are areas where the borders are yet to be mark off. There is an exclave of Kyrgyzstan, a small village Barak which is located in the Fergana Valley surrounded by the Uzbekistan territory. On the other way round, there is also four village of Uzbekistan and two village of Tajikistan which is enclave within the Kyrgyzstan territory. As compared to other countries, Kyrgyzstan which is located on the mainland is considered far away from the sea. The rivers are flowed into a closed drainage systems which do not reach the sea. Despite that, Kyrgyzstan still owns the second largest lake in the world, the Issyk-Kul Lake which is located in the northeast of Tien Shan. Climate Climate in Kyrgyzstan is continental with great regional variations. Kyrgyzstan is roughly separated by the Talas Alatau and Fergana...
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...The Torah states that a husband is required to fulfil his wife’s desires and need for intimacy. It is listed that martial intimacy is one of the three basic things that a husband must provide to his wife whilst the other two are food and clothing. Laws regarding sexual relationships are thoroughly detailed in the Talmud. Also one of the most extensive of the six sections of the Talmud is devoted to explicating the laws of sex and marriage with incredible detail. In this section, the Talmud provides detailed schedules for men’s conjugal duties organised by their profession. A woman is allowed to reject her husband’s sexual advances and a man is forbidden from pressuring his wife sexually. However despite the Talmud being so openly exploring sexuality there are traditional restrictions on martial sex. As Jewish laws prohibit sex during menstruation whilst also restricting any physical contact between a husband and wife. These restrictions apply for seven days after a woman’s period and until she has bathed in a mikyeh ritual bath. In Judaism both men and women are given equal rights in regards to sexuality and is quite open in addressing issues in regards to this which is rather different from other...
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...transitions: the americas, the ottoman empire, Romanov Russia, Qin China, Japan. Global empires. Atlantic Revolutions: In the early modern period (1450-1750. Period of early European exploration and contact. It caused the establishment of european commercial empires. Primary tributary, it focused on trade, and some settler comics. This caused there to be “nation-states”, in tern proto-industrialization in europe (innovation) Europe started into three major processes: Revolution, (and nationalism) Industrialization Imperialism Lastly the Rise of the “nation-state” Age of Enlightenment (1650-1780’s) There were plenty of forward thinkers. Each was moving toward science as the new way of thinking. They used the application of universal laws of the natural world to social world. They valued ration over revelation. The government was as a contract. The ideas of Freedom, equality and sovereignty were held as the highest. The belief was to move forward in progress. French Revolution (1789-1799) The aim was to abolish the monarchy that was in france, it ultimately failed. It was far more radical than the American, but still failed. Mostly because they had no idea how to run a government. Whereas the Americans had some knowledge about their own rule. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) Declared himself emperor and attempted to bring political stability to post-revolutionary france. He was however forced to abdicate the throne and exiled to Elba. He then escaped and ruled again for...
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...Demography Population growth * Demography: is the study of population, including factors affecting its size and growth * Whether a population is growing, declining or stable is affected by four factors: * Births and Immigration increases the population * Deaths and Emigration decreases the population • Natural change: is the number of births minus the number of deaths • Net migration: is the number immigrating into country minus the number emigrating from it • The UK’s population grew from 37mil in 1901 to 61mil today and should reach 71mil by 2031 • Growth has been mostly due to natural change rather than net migration Births There are two measures of births 1. Birth rate 2. Total fertility rate The birth rate • The birth rate: is the number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year • There has been a long-term decline in the birth rate • In 1900, it was almost 29 • By 2007, it had fallen by more than 60%, to under 11 • But there have been fluctuations • There were 3 ‘baby booms’: 1 after each war and another in the 1960’s • The rate fell sharply in the 1970’s, rose during the 1980’s and early 1990’s, and then fell until the recent increase since 2001 The total fertility rate • The total fertility rate: is the average number of children a woman will have during her fertile years (aged 15-44) • In the 1960’s baby boom, it reached an average of 2.95 children per woman, declining to an all-time low of 1.63...
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...preventing women from participating fully, for example, in Islam, women are not able to touch the Qur’an); Religious organization and hierarchy (male dominated- Orthodox Judaism and Catholicism forbid women to become priests); and religious laws and customs (Many religions legitimate and regulate women’s traditional domestic and reproductive role e.g. Catholic Church bans abortion and artificial contraception). These examples clearly show that there is a gender issue in religion, however are these feminist views as valid in todays society as in the past? Some would say that feminist views on the role of religion are valid as they do recognise gender inequality in religion. It is clear that religion is extremely patriarchal from the teachings to the hierarchy. Within religious organisations, women are often found at the bottom of the career ladder, facing the same glass ceiling barrier of prejudice and discrimination that stops them from rising higher up the hierarchy in the workplace. Despite legal obstacles to the appointment of female bishops being removed in 2005, deep opposition remains, and women face what is known as the "stained glass ceiling" that bars them from progress to positions of authority in the church. In Islamic, Catholic and Jewish religions in particular, women are not allowed to be in any position of hierarchy, again showing how male dominated religion is. Armstrong sees...
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...themselves with a specific religion, but the population’s large number of widely diverse beliefs. Ultimately, the United States is a nation bound on a people of immigrants, many of whom originally fled their home countries for the sake of religious freedom, and as such, laws are carefully engineered to safeguard those freedoms. Consider the formative era of our nation and to America’s culture and thinking at the time the US and the Constitution were formed. The leaders of the various colonies, states and ultimately the Founding Fathers themselves were steeped in biblical thinking. They drew examples from the Bible, and looked for confirmation of their ideas for government in scripture. Biblical absolutes enshrined into law offered a consensus that meant freedom without chaos. As stated in the Declaration of Independence, there exists “unalienable rights” of men. Rights were unalienable because they were provided by God. This was important because in most societies up until that time, and even in some countries today, rights are only conferred by whomever is in power at the time. An important aspect of our system of government is that it is based on the Rule of Law. This concept is a direct descendant of Hebrew law and the Ten Commandments. Together with the concept of unalienable rights from God, these concepts helped ensure a way of life that respected the dignity of every individual. The combination of these biblical concepts is a foundation of our government that helps overcome...
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...Part 1 - Weimar Germany 1918-1929 1) The Treaty of Versailles ▪ Kaiser abdicates November 9th 1918, Armistice (cease-fire) signed November 11th ▪ Treaty of Versailles signed June 1919 ▪ It is a DIKTAT – something forced on to Germany. Allies say that they will carry on the war if Germans do not sign. ▪ For many Germans the defeat in WW1, national humiliation, the Treaty of Versailles, the Weimar constitution & democracy are all linked – helps explain why democracy is weak in Germany ▪ Terms of the Treaty – ▪ Germany has to pay REPARATIONS (fixed in 1921 as £6600 million) ▪ Germany loses all its COLONIES (overseas parts of their empire) ▪ German army limited to 100,000 men with no air force & a small navy with only 6 battleships and no submarines ▪ 13% of Germany is now transferred to neighbouring countries as the map is redrawn ▪ Germany loses land to France (Alsace-Lorraine), Belgium, Poland (Posen & West Prussia) & Denmark ▪ 15% of German coal mines are lost in map changes ▪ Many Germans blame the defeat in the war on “the stab in the back” (DOLCHSTOSS) – i.e. the Socialists / Communists / Jews betrayed Germany & the army was never defeated. This myth makes it harder to accept the Treaty ▪ Treaty weakened democracy in Germany and the German economy ▪ Friedrich Ebert appointed Chancellor in October 1918 2) The Weimar Constitution ▪ A National Assembly was elected to write this new constitution ▪ It met in Weimar because Berlin was...
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