...applied in clinical tests to measure the psychiatric problems related to personality disorders of college going students. MMPI is effectively used in the diagnosis of girls and boys that reflect its ability of measuring personality disorder like OCD. The instrument can also asses and handle the psychological tests related general population. It can be used to analyze personality problems faced by general population like a group and target population like females and males. With the help of its validity and clinical variables, it makes differentiation between the target population and general population. For example, MMPI is used in a randomized control study to measure the recovery of patients from OCD related problems. Contrary to this, it is also used to measure a college student boy to measure his pretreatment and post-treatment conditions. So, it can be analyzed from these implications of MMPI in psychological tests, that this inventory is quite competent in differentiating the diagnosis between general population and target...
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... 2012). Alzheimer’s disease may not be categorized as a homogeneous disease, but it is a sophisticated phenomenon that has various subtypes and at least one etiology. It also has various predispositions in symptomatology that range from mild to severe symptoms. A2. Standard of Practice: The American Psychiatric Association presents the best practices to be followed while addressing Alzheimer’s disease disorder. The practices aim to assist healthcare providers in making informed decisions by providing systematic strategies. Most Alzheimer’s disease disorders are curable based on evidence- based approaches. Many dementia disorders increase the rate of patient’s morbidity and mortality. The disorder requires the application of randomized clinical trials. There is also the need for intervention and use of right drugs like to manage the disease and reduce adverse medical side effects. Therefore,...
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...Brenda Joseph Ms. Lewis ENC 1101 23 October 2013 Why Marijuana is an ideal medical drug? Marijuana has many nicknames for instance, weed, Mary Jane, reefer, chronic, and pot. Marijuana is from “the cannabis indicia plant or cannabis sativa plant.”( Nordqvist) Society categorized marijuana is as a gateway drug, or an abusive drug. On the contrary, marijuana is beneficial in the medical terms more than just a drug to “feel good”. Considering that marijuana is an illegal drug in most states, it is less harmful to the other illegal drugs such as cocaine, meth, and ecstasy. Studies have shown that “marijuana has been used medically for over five thousand years, with the earliest accounts dating back to China in the third millennium, B.C.” (Pfeifer 23). Even during the era of the thirteen colonies, Thomas Jefferson grew marijuana or hemp to make rope or local consumption. Marijuana has been in this world for many centuries so for the United States to declare it an illegal drug is wrong. Marijuana has the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol, or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC for short. THC has the painkilling effects like morphine but without the addictive trait. Marijuana is known to stimulate appetite or “munchies” which can aid people whom have poor eating habits. The media even portrays marijuana as a way to relax and relief stress, angry and anxiety. This generation heavily influences the use of marijuana. Marijuana is consumed in many ways such as smoking, inhaling...
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...as the eighth leading cause of death among those aged 65 and older (Noffsinger, Knoll). Firearms consist of the main method in which the elderly take their lives. The next two in line are overdosing and suffocation. White men over the age of 85 are at the greatest risk of all groups. In 1999, the suicide rate for these individuals was 59.6 per 100,000. 84% of all elderly suicides are men. The rate of suicide for women declines after age 60. Although older adults may attempt suicide less often, they have a higher completion rate. Contrary to popular belief, only about 2-4% of suicide victims were diagnosed with terminal illness at the time of their demise. 80% of all elderly victims of suicide have seen a primary care physician within six months of their suicide. Why is it that the suicide rates for older adults are much higher than every other age group? Depression is a key factor for the rates of suicide in the elderly. Depression is most commonly associated with the pain of loss. Suicide rates are definitely higher for those who are divorced or widowed. The suicide rates of older divorced male adults was 3.4 times more than for married men. As for widowed men, the rates are 2.6 times more. It is often the case that old adults who have committed suicide were stricken by at least one psychiatric illness. The most common...
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...Samantha Sanchez Boston University July 22, 2015 Self-consciousness and gender vs. depression In the current research it has have provided a wide overview of both founding and the present appreciation of the dispositional construct of self-consciousness. Several studies have established the significance of gender and psychological implications. Such as mortality concerns and self-consciousness. As important factors in determining depression levels in human beings (Leary & Hoyle, 2013). Understanding the impact of these psychological implications on the emotional vulnerabilities especially in the adolescents has been a major subject of interest in most research work on self-consciousness. This paper presents an analytical study of the influence of psychosocial variables. For instance, age, self-esteem, self-attention, elf-consciousness, and the extent to which an individual identifies with the societal stereotype of masculinity – on depression in adolescents. Further, this paper explores the intra-individual mediators of the relationship between stress and depression in adolescents. Literature review : Self-consciousness as a variable Defined as the propensity to direct thoughtfulness toward the traits of the self, past studies have linked self-consciousness to a wide span of psychological functioning. According to Barios and Belloch (1990), these areas of psychological functioning span from the predisposition of handling of impresses, sociability, and understanding...
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...multiple effects on the caregiver and patient. Positive forms of stress can be beneficial to practice, and negative forms of stress can put practice in danger. A conceptual analysis of stress will strategically define the concept, explore antecedents, and pinpoint consequences associated with stress. The mental and physical effects of stress will be examined, and the link between effects and antecedents will be established. The antecedents of stress are essential to identifying the underlying problem, and prevention methods can be implored once those problems have been identified. In addition, cases will be presented reflecting the use of stress to educate the reader with knowledge and recognition of the concept. A model case, related case, contrary case, and borderline case are given in the text as examples to illustrate the concept of stress. A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Stress is a concept that derives from strain placed on a human being. Dictionary.com (2012) defines stress as “mental, emotional, or physical strain or tension”. Positive and negative aspects of stress exist depending on the particular incident or situation. Stress can be activated when a student is nervous about presenting a speech, or a supervisor is worried about his first day on the job. There is no real danger present, but the person experiences feelings of anxiety and hesitation. This type of stress is considered positive, because it is designed to encourage the individual to rise to the challenge....
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...multiple effects on the caregiver and patient. Positive forms of stress can be beneficial to practice, and negative forms of stress can put practice in danger. A conceptual analysis of stress will strategically define the concept, explore antecedents, and pinpoint consequences associated with stress. The mental and physical effects of stress will be examined, and the link between effects and antecedents will be established. The antecedents of stress are essential to identifying the underlying problem, and prevention methods can be implored once those problems have been identified. In addition, cases will be presented reflecting the use of stress to educate the reader with knowledge and recognition of the concept. A model case, related case, contrary case, and borderline case are given in the text as examples to illustrate the concept of stress. A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Stress is a concept that derives from strain placed on a human being. Dictionary.com (2012) defines stress as “mental, emotional, or physical strain or tension”. Positive and negative aspects of stress exist depending on the particular incident or situation. Stress can be activated when a student is nervous about presenting a speech, or a supervisor is worried about his first day on the job. There is no real danger present, but the person experiences feelings of anxiety and hesitation. This type of stress is considered positive, because it is designed to encourage the individual to rise to the challenge...
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...The Free Online Dictionary defines Insights as “the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation” Currently; in the Caribbean we are facing an economic down turn that is unlike the Great Depression of the 1900’s. It is also seen throughout the United States as well as North America where the unemployment rates are at very high. The economy’s struggling state has left us all seeking for solutions. In the cases of such economic dire straits, the people who are likely to suffer are the poor, the homeless and maybe even some low middle class families as well. Here in the Caribbean, the government have been applying cuts through out a number of departments as well as a number of services that were being offered to the members of our community. It appears that our mental health services drew the shortest straw. Ironically, it appears that due to our economic down turn mental health issues are on the rise. These services are being eliminated or decreased at a time when the issues are more prevalent than ever and very much needed. The Department of Health is understaffed, overwhelmed and in dire need of equipment to provide adequate care for our community as a whole much less those in need of mental health services. Our Mental Health services are dormant and our government is incapable of handling the number of cases of mentally ill patients visible and undiagnosed around the community. Consequently, one must look towards the private sector for help in this matter. There...
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...psychiatric services inadequately tie in with the policy goal of reducing recidivism. The validity of mental illness being linked t criminal behavior points towards moderated arbitration techniques and the effect of mental illness on other “recidivism” is to some extent interceded by system impartiality and shame. The recognition of mental illness being tied to offenders been identified as a feasible tool to decrease the escalating level of offending amongst juveniles, and indeed has been implemented in varying forms as a diversion away from the criminal justice system. In this essay, the notion of people with mental health problems are not at increased risk of committing violence will be explored. Mulvey (1997) showed that in general, contrary to findings of earlier research, an association does appear to exist between mental illness and the likelihood of being involved in violent incidents however a dual diagnosis of mental illness and substance abuse markedly compounds the possibility pro violence, and the correlation concerning mental illness and...
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...The Impact of the Media Kayden Drake University of Indianapolis The media has changed drastically over the years and as I have grown older I have come to notice how it is affecting the kids of the generations after me. That is why I picked this study because it explains how media affects kids both physically and mentally. The Impact of Media Adolescents diagnosed as having or not having clinical depression were asked questions about mood and behavior over the course of several weeks. Responses included self-reports of their current mood state, whether they were currently using media (and what the content was), and their perceptions of the media content they were consuming. Data from adolescents with depression were compared with those of adolescents without disorders to determine whether their gender, diagnosis and current mood state acted independently or interactively to influence the content selected. This data also addressed whether the adolescents’ media choice acted independently or in interaction with gender or diagnosis to influence their later mood. Participants, in their home and social environments, received telephone calls from a trained research associate 12 times over the course of 4 days (Friday through Monday). On each call, participants answered questions in six domains: (a) location/activity at the moment of call; (b) media use and perceived emotional quality; (c) social context (presence of other people); (d) mood; (e) anticipated future events;...
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...The Impact of the Media Kayden Drake University of Indianapolis The media has changed drastically over the years and as I have grown older I have come to notice how it is affecting the kids of the generations after me. That is why I picked this study because it explains how media affects kids both physically and mentally. The Impact of Media Adolescents diagnosed as having or not having clinical depression were asked questions about mood and behavior over the course of several weeks. Responses included self-reports of their current mood state, whether they were currently using media (and what the content was), and their perceptions of the media content they were consuming. Data from adolescents with depression were compared with those of adolescents without disorders to determine whether their gender, diagnosis and current mood state acted independently or interactively to influence the content selected. This data also addressed whether the adolescents’ media choice acted independently or in interaction with gender or diagnosis to influence their later mood. Participants, in their home and social environments, received telephone calls from a trained research associate 12 times over the course of 4 days (Friday through Monday). On each call, participants answered questions in six domains: (a) location/activity at the moment of call; (b) media use and perceived emotional quality; (c) social context (presence of other people); (d) mood; (e) anticipated future events;...
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...us is the major cause of depression? It’s not really hard to believe when you think about it as we are faced with mass unemployment, and a recession which can put heavy strain on even the most balanced of individuals and their interpersonal relationships around them. There are many interpersonal instances that can have the ability to lead to the onset of depression, such as the family environment, the socialization setting, and the discrimination against gender in certain cultures and instances. Depression has many brothers and sisters in the medical world, ranging from disorders such as Dysthymia, postnatal depression and in some extreme cases of depression such as Bio polar, and major depression (Unipolar). But no matter what the diagnosis is or how serious the depression is, depression is not trivial and is a real health condition contrary to what some people believe. It is not something that you can just snap out of and more importantly it is not a sign of weakness. For many people depression can affect them in different ways to other people with the same condition but normally the symptoms are similar. These can range from lack of sleep or too much sleep, weight loss or gain, unpredictable mood swings, thoughts of self-harm or suicidal tendencies, low self-worth, and no interest or motivation. These are just a few of the psychological symptoms but the major question in which this essay will try to answer is what is the major cause of depression is. Is it psychological...
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...of improvements in emotional well-being and possible depression. Another criticism of Garety et al., (2008) study is their sample; the study recognizes that as a result of their participants primarily consisting of individuals recently relapsed as a result of non-compliance with pharmacological treatment and as such they may still have been medication-sensitive. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy As a form of psychotherapy, CBT may be the most convincing alternative to pharmacological intervention. A study by Morrison et al. (2004) compared the efficiency of CBT to traditional measures, focusing on CBT alone with pharmacological intervention. In the study 37 patients were given CBT for six months, with a focus on normalizing the experiences of their psychotic symptoms, and aiding them in evaluating and seeking alternative explanations, by applying behavioral experiments set to them as homework. CBT was found to ameliorate symptoms of psychosis. Significantly CBT was also found to work as a possible preventative measure to the development of psychotic symptoms. In a three-year follow-up study, Morrisons et al. (2007) found that while the benefits of CBT persisted they did not find any evidence suggesting CBT may be efficient at decreasing distress or functioning though they recognize that this could be the result of missing data. CBT also allows for multiple intervention strategies, which can be altered depending on the clinical condition of the patient. Key to targeting auditory...
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...Hunger Motivation As a part of human nature, it is natural and, also, necessary for people to eat. The desire to eat has been challenged by researchers inquiring if it is the stomach, brain, or some other stimuli that creates hunger (Hara, 1997). For example, a child is born with a desire to drink his or her mother’s milk, but what exactly makes this child crave the milk? Hunger can be attributed to both psychological and physiological aspects. The physiology of hunger has been explored in several varying theories, but several of these theories have been proven inaccurate and, therefore, have been rebuked. The stomach contraction theory states that we know we are hungry when our stomach contracts, but this theory does not explain why people without stomachs continue to feel hungry. The glucose theory presents the idea that we feel hungry when our glucose level is low, but it has been found that blood glucose levels do not differ under normal conditions. The insulin level theory indicates that we feel hungry when the insulin level in our bodies increases; however, this theory requires humans to eat to increase insulin levels, which in turn makes them hungry. Perhaps the most accurate theories are the fatty acid theory and the heat-production theory. The fatty acid theory indicates that we have fatty acid receptors, and when these receptors are activated, when there is an increase in the fatty acid levels, we feel hungry. The heat-production theory states that as...
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...that Cobain himself admitted he needed to resort to drugs to keep him going near the end of his life. She goes on to introduce Steve Stack, the director of the center for Suicide Research at Wayne State University, who has been working on his research for eight years. He found that the suicide rates of musicians are about three times more than the overall statistic. While Stack's claims slightly conflict with other rations between musician and non-musician suicides, he still argues that there is a significant difference. Dr. Christine Moutier, Chief Medical Officer of the A.F.S.P (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention), finds that Cobain's suicide as well as other musicians suicides are not simply a case of struggles in life and depression. She states that "There’s definitely a known connection...
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