...Trinitarian or Arian controversy of the 4th-century Before 318, nearly all positions had been looked at concerning the status of Jesus as the Son of God, all attached to prestigious names—especially those of Tertullian and Origen—all appealing to scripture, tradition, and predecessors. That was the time when even conceptions of a “qualified divinity” of the Son were found adequate to account for the suffering of God. Some thought that no distinctions ought to be found in the Godhead (monarchianism) or that the Son was a mere man adopted by the Father (adoptionism); others thought that he was inferior to the Father (subordinationism); still others that he was fully God. Many more variations on the theme circulated. A doctrinal storm was gathering. The storm broke out in 318 when Arius, a respected Libyan presbyter in Alexandria, began to teach what many thought acceptable in view of the sufferings of Jesus: that the Logos/Son was a mere creature, made from “nonexistence” and had not always existed. Hence he was not quite equal to the Father. The controversy went through episodes of such violence, unfortunately not only verbal violence, that Emperor Constantine, badly concerned with the peace and unity of the estate, called a general council at Nicaea in 325, which he himself attended and which was presided over by his representative and messenger, Ossius, bishop of Cordova. The council proclaimed two main theses, incorporated in the so-called Nicene creed: that Christ had a...
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...Controversial Issues In Entertainment 1 RoboVerde Com/225 April 8, 2013 Controversial Issues In Entertainment 2 Controversy surrounding same-sex marriage is copious. Entering same-sex marriage into the search engine Google, 642 million results popped up on screen in the timespan of .17 seconds. Suffice it to say, controversy surrounding this rumpus issue is not lacking interest. There seems to be several questions at the center of the controversy. Mainly the questions are, what is the definition of marriage? Do gay marriage bans violate the Constitution’s equal protection clause? Are we the people discriminating against a certain group of individuals and should same-sex couples have the same legal rights and benefits as heterosexual couples? All of these questions are at the heart of this hotly debated issue. This issue gets wide and diverse coverage from every media source worthy of covering newsworthy news because the very nature of the controversy strikes at the core of humanity. At our core we are relational beings created with emotion and a desire for community, equality, and liberty. There is something hardwired into the human spirit that laments for fairness and equality, which most believe was central to the framers intent in wording the first amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America. It is for this reason that the media leverages the topic using its resources to inform, persuade, influence, entertain, and enrage its audience...
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...sexism against women of the 1960's. This tie ad creates so much controversy because of the way that this ad was advertised. This ad is important in my opinion because it shows the evolution of women rights. Throughout those years women did not have any right and they were humiliated by men and were only allowed to be at home, to take care of the children, house and husband when he came from work. I am making this analysis to show how this ad uses logos, pathos and ethos to persuade people to buy the product. This ad use Pathos which involves using emotion to influence someone else. Emotional scenes and images are used to grab the men’s attention and often make them feel powerful and strong. This is demonstrated by how the man is sitting in bed, with a straight and firm posture, head held high, arms behind his head, well dressed with the “Van Heusen” tie and with a pleasant look on his face. The emotions that this ad conveys to man is to feel that they are above women and that by using the tie women will keep looking at them like all mighty kings. The woman is kneeling beside the bed, handing him a tray containing his breakfast in bed and she looks up to him with admiration treating him like a king in his castle. All of this just makes the target buyer (men) see that with this tie they will have women on their knees handing them breakfast in bed. This ad has lots of pathos because of the many emotions portrayed to the buyers. The ad shows logos in the way that it makes men believe...
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...organizations roll out different commercials in other to break through the advertising clutter so as to be noticed by the consumers thereby subjecting them to thousands of adverts on daily basis. As a result, they exceed what is considered ethical and the commercial is considered to be very provocative. This has lead to the aim of this research which is to unravel how consumers perceive provocative advertising when shock appeal is used as a conductor. According to Pickton and Broderick (2005), they opined that advertising is a form of communication used to influence individuals to purchase products or services, support ideas and pass relevant information or caution across to the targeted audience. In delivering those messages highlighted above, ad agency adopts different appeals that can help them reach large number of the targeted audience without encountering high cost. Such appeals adopted are rational appeals, emotional appeals, sex appeal, fear or anger appeal etc. However, for the course of this research, emphasis will be laid on shock appeals . 1.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE To identify shock commercials strategies and the extent organization use them. To define shock advertising and why organization use them. To identify the relationship between consumer perception of shock commercial. Using gender and age of target audience. To comprehend how ethical perceptions begins and also, to identify what sets of values or core beliefs might the consumer draw upon when contemplating...
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...Nova Southeastern University Wayne Huizenga Graduate School of Business & Entrepreneurship Assignment for Course: MGT5015 Submitted to: Submitted by: Date of Submission: Title of Assignment: CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledge and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas of words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student Signature: ___________________________ Student Signature: ___________________________ Student Signature: ___________________________ Student Signature: ___________________________ Student Signature: ___________________________ ******************************************* Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………pg. 3 Legal Section………………….……………………………………………………....pg. 5 Relevant Legal Principles…………………………………………..................pg. 6 Application of Law …………………………………………….….………….pg. 7 Legal Conclusion………...…….……………………………….……..............pg. 8 Ethic Section……………………………………...……………………….…………..pg. 8 Utilitarian Ethical Analysis……………………………………………………pg. 8 Kantian Ethical Analysis……………………………….………….................pg. 12 Machiavellian Virtues………………………………………………………..pg...
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...C H A P T E R 7 Gender and Advertising How Gender Shapes Meaning The emotional, sexual, and psychological stereotyping of females begins when the doctor says, “It’s a girl.” —Shirley Chisholm Men are dogs and women are cats. Women are from Venus and men are from Mars. Writers, filmmakers, psychologists, and advertisers all have used the idea that men and women are different to develop stories, create conflict, and provide persuasive imagery. Not only do advertisers view men and women differently, but men and women also bring different perspectives to advertising. Thus, we can assume that men and women create dif-ferent meanings from the advertisements they see. Gender roles in our society have changed dramatically since the 1950s, and portrayals of men and women in advertising have been researched since nearly the same time. Researchers have consistently sought to evaluate these roles to examine whether advertising has kept up with societal changes. In this chapter, we examine the different ways men and women view advertising and mes-sages, as well as some of the ways that advertising portrays gender roles today. The last several decades have seen changes in the role of women in society, both as those who earn money and those who spend money. In 1940, women comprised about 20% of the workforce in the United States, while today that percentage reaches 50% (U.S. Department of Labor, 2000). In addition, the family structure in the United States has changed: smaller...
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...Brandyn Zea Writing 115 Chelsea Kachman May 27, 2013 Sex: in Fast Food Advertising? Sex especially sexual objectification of gender has turned into a big controversy across the advertising world and it has crossed over into fast food advertising. Sex in advertising is something that does not need to be put out there. There is too much bad and inappropriate attention that draws from it. In these advertisements that are brought upon sexually mainly objectify women’s bodies. I just do not understand why businesses use women like they do to get across their product, they can sell it without using women, it’s not hard to do but I guess they want to attract more by using an attractive women but by doing that they are judging and putting down the what they call “plus size” women because to them beauty is thin which it boggles my mind that they actually do that. Beauty is defined within not by the way someone looks. Also, by doing what they do they are dehumanizing the sexually objectified gender. Since we live in a man’s world, mostly heterosexual, that potentially objectifies the female body. This premise is the starting point of the objectification theory that states that when objectified, women are treated as bodies that exist for the use or consumption of others, stripped of their individuality and personality. (Vaes, paladino, puvia, 774) Which is understandable to why they mainly want to attract the male audience, but in reality they are coming across to the adolescents as...
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...treated * Hence using this principle of everyday life we can see that this culture directly or indirectly influences attitudes and behaviour in which we can then see the relationships this may have when it comes to advertising that is deemed to be controversial. Slide 3 So how we relate the religious culture to the advertising of controversial products is first we define the controversial as everything * everything that causes the reactions of distaste, disgust, offence, or outrage when mentioned or when openly presented * so what happens is advertisers in attempts to break down clutter barriers have to capture attention * By pushing the boundaries so often, there’s only a thin line between being vulgar and causing controversy. * The author tests the relationship by completing surveys in NZ UK Turkey and China so there is a mixed ratio of different religious cultures and their thoguhts towards advertsing where the muslim countries are shown as more strict and Uk and NZ are sensitive but not as strict as to...
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...act has not just remained to bring brand awareness but also has turned out to be a cultural phenomenon to the brands. (Nationwide Insurance Commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKUy-tfrIHY) * Unlike several other big brands’ advertisements which contained humour, emotions and rational message, this insurance company came up with somewhat different but controversial style of conveying their brand. Instead of typical style of advertising, they featured an ad showing a dead child. The tag line of the commercial was “Make Safe Happen” and the ad opened by showing a small kid saying what all he wanted to do in his life like but apparently would not be able to do as he was dead in an accident. He says, “I’ll never learn to ride a bike, I’ll never be able to travel with my best friend, I’ll never get cooties and I won’t ever get married.” Finally at the end he says “I could not grow up because I died from an accident”. This advertisement to view was as sad and depressing as it sounds. * The minute this ad came up during the first half of the game, the...
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... Biblical Reference 4 Character 5 The South 5 Evidence for the Southern Theory 6 Establishment of Churches 6 Inclusion of Galatian Churches 6 Judaizing Controversy 7 The Date 7 Southern Theory 8 Northern Theory 8 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction The date and destination of the Apostle Epistle to the Galatians is a topic of debate.1 The general debate is framed around when and to whom Paul wrote the letter. The two theories surrounding when and to whom Galatians was written are: (1) The North Galatia Theory; and, (2) The South Galatia Theory.2 In an attempt to address the questions of when and to whom Paul wrote Galatians, this paper will address both theories. General Debate In order to understand the prevailing theories, it is important to understand the positions of the general debate. The general debate is whether the letter was addressed to the churches in the northern or southern part of Galatia. If it was written in the northern part, then most scholars agree that it would have been written sometime between AD 53 58.3 In contrast, if it was written in the southern part, it would have been written sometime between AD 47 49.4 Whether Galatians was written between AD 53 58 AD or between AD 47 49 would determine if the second mission to...
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...ENDORSEMENTS: A CRUSIAL AND CONTROVERSIAL PART IN ADVERTISEMENTS When you go for shopping in a supermarket and you come across many brands of various products. When you see a brand, it immediately reminds you of the celebrity who has endorsed or promoted the brand. For instance, Lux may remind you of Shahrukh Khan, Ashwariya Rai or even Katrina Kaif. The image of the celebrity in the ad leaves a lasting impression on your mind which motivates you to buy the product. Endorsements, by famous celebrities, whose personality matches that of the product help to create certain impressions of that brand on consumers. For eg. Bipasha Basu has an image of fitness freak and hence endorses Sugar Free Natura. Endorsements play an important role in making the advertisement successful. Endorsements of celebrity with great persona attracts customer to buy that product. India is a nation where people easily believe what their favorite celebrities say. And when it comes to celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan and Rajnikant, who people idolize and have a great respect for, any endorsement by them will highly influence consumers and their buying behavior. Even Sachin Tendulkar and Shahrukh Khan have a great fan following. Sachin being a famous sports personality do attract kids and youngsters who are sports enthusiast. Hence being a sports celebrity, an energy drink, Boost is endorsed by Sachin Tendulkar and even another famous cricketer Kapil Dev. Similarly Pepsi and Lays have gain popularity with...
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...is subtle or obvious, sex has been used to sell fashion, fragrances, accessories, alcohol, personal care products, and tobacco. These images are intended to entice people into purchasing the products they are advertising. Sexual advertising in subtle ways can help increase buyers but using sex to exploit men or women can be costly. The fashion industry has had their share of provocative and shocking ads… pushing the envelope to see how far they can go and get away with it. Dolce and Gabbana, Tom Ford, Calvin Klein and Abercrombie and Fitch (just to name a few) have been involved in a few scandals. Their images include nudity, sexual behavior, physical attractiveness and homoeroticism, thus causing controversy. Fashion industries are not the only ones who have been caught in the fire. There have been other big known companies, for example Burger King aired a commercial of Paris Hilton being sexually seductive while eating a burger and washing a Bentley. Parents found this commercial offensive and inappropriate to be aired on television but in the end this kind of controversy did generate consumer sales and public relations toward young men. Advertisements like these are targeting young men and women, college students, and teens. Fashion industries as well as other companies place great significance on physical attractiveness to sell their products. Attractive models posing nude or half nude in designer clothes, drinking a name brand soda or using any kind of home product...
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...Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder John Mooney 412 Psychology Dr. Jim Spencer West Virginia State University 4 May 2012 Abstract Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is a developmental disorder that is believed to affect about 3 to 5 percent of children globally and diagnosed in about 2 to 16 percent of school aged children (National Institute of Mental Health). Also, 30 to 50 percent of those diagnosed will continue having symptoms into adulthood and it is estimated that 4.7 percent of American adults live with AD/HD (NIMH). Although most healthcare providers accept AD/HD as a genuine disorder, there still remains controversy regarding diagnosis and treatment which is being debated in the scientific community. Although it found controversy in the lack of sufficient data on long-term use of medications, the US National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) supports the validity of the AD/HD diagnosis and the efficacy of stimulant treatment. Introduction Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is becoming the highlight of many controversial debates. Each year more children as well as adults are being diagnosed with these medical conditions. Despite the fact that many doctors question the authenticity behind its diagnoses, AD/HD can have a negative effect not only on the patients themselves, but to the families and loved ones who have to endure the behavior produced by the patients. According to the Diagnostic and statistical manual...
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...Indian Soft Drinks Market 1970’s and early 80’s—the entry and exit of Coke India has proved to be perhaps the toughest battle ground for the Cola giants. Coca-Cola was the 1st international soft drinks brand to enter India in early 1970’s. Indian market was dominated by domestic brands, with Limca being the largest selling brand. Cola was the largest selling flavor with market share of 40%, Lemon drinks 31% and orange drinks only 19%. Up till 1977, Coca-cola was the leading soft drink brand in India. But due to norms set by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA), Coca-Cola left India and did not return till 1993 after a 16 year absence from the Indian beverage market. FERA needed Coca-Cola to reveal its secret concentrate formula as well as reduce its equity stake which was not acceptable. Pure drinks, Delhi launched Campa-Cola, to take advantage of Coke’s exit and by the end of 70’s, was the only Cola drink in the Indian market. In 1980, Parle, another major Indian player launched ThumsUp, the drink which till date is most popular soft-drink in India. Pure Drinks strongly objected to ThumsUp being called a “soft” drink as it felt its taste is too strong. For over a decade, Parle led the Indian soft-drinks market, with its market share reaching a peak of 70% in1990. Late 80’s and early 90’s— Pepsi’s struggle to enter India Pepsi saw the exit of Coke as a God send opportunity to capture then estimated 900 crore market of India. India was then a highly regulated...
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...| Brand Audit | Cadbury’s Dairy Milk | | | GROUP MEMBERS | Trisha Parekh (131) Gaurav Mehta (124) Rishi R Mehta (035) Priyam Modi (036) Hetal Gutka (159) | BRAND AUDIT CADBURY - A LEADER IN THE GLOBAL CONFECTIONERY MARKET A BRIEF HISTORY Cadbury India Ltd. is a part of the Kraft Foods Group and was formed on 1905. Cadbury India operates in five categories - Chocolate confectionery, Beverages, Biscuits, Gum and Candy. In the Chocolate Confectionery business, Cadbury has maintained its undisputed leadership over the years. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk, Bournvita, 5 Star, Perk, Bournville, Celebrations, Gems, Halls, Éclairs, Bubbaloo, Tang and Oreo. Their core purpose "make today delicious" captures the spirit of what they are trying to achieve as a business. In India, Cadbury began its operations in 1948 by importing chocolates. After 60 years of existence, it today has five company-owned manufacturing facilities at Thane, Induri (Pune) and Malanpur (Gwalior), Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and 4 sales offices (New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkota and Chennai). The corporate office is in Mumbai. Cadbury enjoys a value market share of over 70% - the highest Cadbury brand share in the world! Their billion-dollar brand Cadbury Dairy Milk is considered the "gold standard" for chocolates in India. The pure taste of CDM defines the chocolate taste for the Indian consumer. In the Milk Food drinks segment their main product is Bournvita - the...
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