...sports market ................................................... 4 1.2.2. Characteristics of the sports product .................................................. 4 1.2.3. Characteristics of the sports consumer .............................................. 5 2. Defining a marketing mix ..................................................................................... 5 2.1. Analysis phase and market segmentation ....................................................... 5 2.2.1. The traditional four p’s ........................................................................ 8 2.2.2. Additional domains of sports marketing ............................................. 9 3. Current Developments and future perspectives .............................................. 11 3.2. Future possibilities and outlook ..................................................................... 11 Bibliography…………………………………………………..……………………………12 III Index of figures Figure 1: Worldwide sports market growth is projected to slow trough 2015…..........11 1 1. Differentiation and evolution of dedicated sports marketing 1.1. Historical development and modern definitions...
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...1. What is strategy? What isn’t strategy? According to word of play text strategies are choices (bundle of choices) 2. List several ineffective ways to approach strategy. 3. Should winning be at the heart of any strategy? Yes. If you don't play to win, don't play at all. Satan didn't play to win it played to have a holding position in the environment net effect- it disappeared. 4. What are the 5 choices of strategy? What do you play, how do you play, what are your capabilities, how do you measure? 5. What is the nested choice cascade? You ask these at the senior level but they cascade down Corporate level, business level, functional level strategies 6. Describe the strategic-management process. External Analysis (Opportunity, Threat PEST, 5 forces) Direction-> Strategies -> Implementation Internal (Capabilities, VIRO) 7. What are the three perspectives on strategic management? 8. Is strategy the same as operational effectiveness? No- operational effectiveness is doing the same thing better 9. What is competitive convergence? What is the productivity frontier? When all rivals get better and simultaneously become more similar, all better but lose unique point of difference. Productivity frontier- graph everyone trying to get better but doing the same things. 10. Know the various definitions of strategy (choice, plan, ploy, pattern, position, & perspective) 5 definitions in lecture Plan, Ploy, Perspective, Pattern...
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...New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 8, 1 (June, 2006): 17-40. DOING BUSINESS IN INDIA RODNEY SEBASTIAN ASHVIN PARAMESWARAN Australian National University FAIZAL YAHYA1 National University of Singapore In 1991, India’s closed economy opened up and attracted investments from several multinational companies (MNCs) around the world. As a result, people began to seek information about doing business in India, giving rise to a plethora of literature aimed at assisting them. Generally there are two prominent views of India. One is that India is a poor, under-developed country, lacking infrastructure and rife with religious superstitions, corruption and violence. The other is that India has an under-rated affluent and intellectual class, an advanced Information Technology (IT) sector and a rich culture. Neither view is entirely accurate. For those planning to do business in India, it is important that they are well informed of the real, complex situation in order to make calculated investments. Knowledge about doing business in India has to be constantly revised, updated and eradicated of biased or stereotypical views. A symptom of the maturity of this knowledge is recognition that the Indian business environment is amorphous. Conditions vary from state to state, industry to industry and region to region. This paper seeks to examine some aspects of this complexity and suggests how prospective investors could use the knowledge generated. Apart from Ramachandran’s (2000) acknowledgement...
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...Advances in Developing Human Resources http://adh.sagepub.com/ National Human Resource Development: What in the World Is It? Gary N. McLean Advances in Developing Human Resources 2004 6: 269 DOI: 10.1177/1523422304266086 The online version of this article can be found at: http://adh.sagepub.com/content/6/3/269 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Academy of Human Resource Development Additional services and information for Advances in Developing Human Resources can be found at: Email Alerts: http://adh.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://adh.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://adh.sagepub.com/content/6/3/269.refs.html >> Version of Record - Aug 1, 2004 What is This? Downloaded from adh.sagepub.com at Anglia Ruskin University on May 2, 2014 Issue Overview 10.1177/1523422304266086 Advances in Developing Human Resources McLean / INTRODUCTION TO NHRD National Human Resource Development: What in the World Is It? Gary N. McLean The problem and the solution. Recent exploratory research has affirmed the variations in understanding of the meaning of human resource development (HRD) from country to country based on a number of identifiable characteristics of the country. One area identified in the definitions of some countries, which was different from that found in the United States and in some other countries...
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...INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: It consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy the objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations The main characteristics of the international business are: - flow of ideas, services and capital across the world - new choices to consumers - acquisition of a wider variety of products is offered - the mobility of labor, capital and tech is facilitated - new challenging employment opportunities - reallocation of resources, shift of activities to a global level International business has created a network of global links that bind countries, institutions, and individuals with trade, financial markets, technology, and living standards. MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE (MNE): is a business –profit or non-profit – that operates in the global arena (across national borders), with no regard to the dimension of the firm The main peculiarity of an MNE is the fact that manage actively and coordinately a set of operations located in different countries. To be true MNE a company must: * have substantial, direct investment in foreign countries (not just the trading relationships of an import-export business) * and actively manage those operations as affecting their strategy and organization The MNE is a recent phenomenon, mostly developed in the post-WW II years. The United Nations has changed (1984) the definition of MNE as these companies...
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...• FIVE FORCE MODEL IN THEORY AND PRACTICE: ANALYSIS FROM AN EMERGING ECONOMY • FIVE FORCE MODEL IN THEORY AND PRACTICE: ANALYSIS FROM AN EMERGING ECONOMY ABSTRACT For thirty years, the five-force model of Michael Porter has been used as a standard tool to analyze and determine industry attractiveness. In a recent interview to mark thirty years of the theoretical framework, Porter reaffirmed his faith in the model, quoting examples from the airline and steel industries. The model along with the others that Porter has developed, such as the value chain, strategic groups and national competitive advantage, continue to influence strategic thinking in profound ways. And yet, one cannot help observing that perhaps the time has come to re-examine these models in the light of empirical evidence. This paper attempts to argue that the usefulness of the five-force model is limited in emerging economies as compared to mature markets. A longitudinal study of the IT Enabled Services Industry in India demonstrates that with low entry barriers, a high degree of competition (industry rivalry), bargaining power of buyers (Fortune 100 companies), bargaining power of suppliers (large manufacturers of hardware who force technological up gradation at regular intervals), and the absence of clear differentiators (or close substitutes being offered), the industry should have been very unattractive according to the five-force model. On a practical level though, the paper shows that ...
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...des Sciences Commerciales Appliquees Doctorate of Business Administration Human Capital Management Paper on Dynamic Capabilities of Firms Presented to: Dr. Sherif Delawar By Mohamed Antably March 2012 Cairo, Egypt. Abstract: From one hand the dynamic capabilities of firms are the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. Other hand, Human capital ultimate objectives are linking HR practices and knowledge with goals of the firm to achieve and develop Competitive advantages. Accordingly, linking both statements would generate that HC is not only working to achieve the organizations objectives and but also to formalize, maintain and develop the firm dynamic capabilities. HC should also work on sharing and collecting success stories, lessons learnt and implicit individuals' knowledge into institutional explicit knowledge. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on distinctive processes (ways of coordinating and combining which is more difficult among horizontal levels but easy in the vertical levels applying the chain of command), shaped by the firm's asset positions (such as the firm's portfolio of difficult-to-trade knowledge assets and complementary assets), and the evolution path(s) it has adopted or inherited. The importance of path dependencies is ampled where conditions of increasing returns...
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...Adrian Payne & Pennie Frow A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management In this article, the authors develop a conceptual framework for customer relationship management (CRM) that helps broaden the understanding of CRM and its role in enhancing customer value and, as a result, shareholder value. The authors explore definitional aspects of CRM, and they identify three alternative perspectives of CRM. The authors emphasize the need for a cross-functional, process-oriented approach that positions CRM at a strategic level. They identify five key cross-functional CRM processes: a strategy development process, a value creation process, a multichannel integration process, an information management process, and a performance assessment process. They develop a new conceptual framework based on these processes and explore the role and function of each element in the framework. The synthesis of the diverse concepts within the literature on CRM and relationship marketing into a single, process-based framework should provide deeper insight into achieving success with CRM strategy and implementation. ver the past decade, there has been an explosion of interest in customer relationship management (CRM) by both academics and executives. However, despite an increasing amount of published material, most of which is practitioner oriented, there remains a lack of agreement about what CRM is and how CRM strategy should be developed. The purpose of this article is to develop a...
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...Adrian Payne & Pennie Frow A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management In this article, the authors develop a conceptual framework for customer relationship management (CRM) that helps broaden the understanding of CRM and its role in enhancing customer value and, as a result, shareholder value. The authors explore definitional aspects of CRM, and they identify three alternative perspectives of CRM. The authors emphasize the need for a cross-functional, process-oriented approach that positions CRM at a strategic level. They identify five key cross-functional CRM processes: a strategy development process, a value creation process, a multichannel integration process, an information management process, and a performance assessment process. They develop a new conceptual framework based on these processes and explore the role and function of each element in the framework. The synthesis of the diverse concepts within the literature on CRM and relationship marketing into a single, process-based framework should provide deeper insight into achieving success with CRM strategy and implementation. ver the past decade, there has been an explosion of interest in customer relationship management (CRM) by both academics and executives. However, despite an increasing amount of published material, most of which is practitioner oriented, there remains a lack of agreement about what CRM is and how CRM strategy should be developed. The purpose of this article is...
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...The review of a business model Bachelor assignment THE REVIEW OF A BUSINESS MODEL Research on changing the business model for a Dutch tour operator Leon van der Heijden ‐ June 2010 University of Twente Faculty: School of Management and Governance Education: Industrial Engineering & Management Drienerlolaan 5 7522 NB Enschede www.mb.utwente.nl Supervisor: Dr. K. (Kasia) Zalewska‐Kurek Co‐reader: Dr. J. (Joris) M.J. Heuven Mensink Capital B.V. World Trade Center Amsterdam A Tower – Level 5 Strawinskylaan 509 1077 XX Amsterdam www.mensinkcapital.nl Principal: Drs. H. (Hugo) J.T. Mensink Author: L. (Leon) E. van der Heijden Willem‐Alexanderstraat 39 7511 KJ Enschede l.e.vanderheijden@student.utwente.nl Frontpage: Smith, Alan (2009). The Movement. www.businessmodelgeneration.com Management summary The travel industry is one of the largest and also one of the fastest changing industries in the World. The emergence of the internet has radically changed the way business is conducted throughout the industry. This research focuses on a Dutch tour operator which is having trouble adjusting to the fast changing business environment. This tour operator did not make the transition to online direct selling but still sells its products via retail partners only. Due to fierce competition of online ...
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...Managing Knowledge for Innovation: The Role of Cooperation, Competition, and Alliance Nationality Haisu Zhang, Chengli Shu, Xu Jiang, and Alan J. Malter ABSTRACT Strategic alliances play a critical role in global innovation. Firms can overcome resource constraints and achieve superior innovative performance not only by using internal resources but also by acquiring knowledge-based capabilities from alliance partners. In this study, the authors investigate how knowledge acquired from alliance partners affects organizational knowledge creation, which in turn leads to innovative performance. The authors propose that the knowledge–innovation relationship is stronger in international alliances than domestic alliances. The results from a survey of 127 German firms engaged in strategic alliances confirm that knowledge creation mediates the effect of knowledge acquisition on innovative performance and that international alliances strengthen the effect of knowledge creation on innovative performance. In addition, the authors find that interfirm cooperation and competition coexist in strategic alliances and that both factors increase knowledge acquisition, though from different motivational bases. Keywords: innovation, strategic alliance, knowledge management, cooperation, competition A lliances are a central element of most company business models (Kaplan, Norton, and Rugelsjoen 2010). The logic of working with a strategic partner is especially compelling in increasingly competitive...
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...COURSES 1& 2 The Intangible Economy: an Overview. Understanding Economic Change Generally speaking and according to our perception at present, we could say that production and products pertain to the material universe: production, which is based on natural resources and energy, is fundamentally tangible. We got so used to this idea that we do not attempt to analyze it any more. Our economic and legal constructions are based on production, ownership and exchange of tangible goods. Economy, as it appeared after the industrial revolution, comprised activities related to the transformation of natural resources and was mainly an economy of goods. Under the mass production system with homogenous goods, the knowledge content of goods was low and the most important phase of the production process was manufacturing, since firms relied on economies of scale for market performance. Hence, the tangible aspects of factors of production were the most important (productivity thereby explained by the amount of physical capital and quantity of labor employed). Nevertheless, with the development of the economy and society as a whole, the importance of knowledge increased, leading to information and ideas playing a crucial role in determining economic performance. Nowadays, the knowledge content of goods is higher, and the pre- and post- manufacturing phases are crucial for value creation. The new type of economy that is emerging is more about a shift of mindset relating to building and...
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...Network: any interconnected group or system, it comprises nodes and links. Networks are long-term, relationships between interdependent economic actors which are seeking for competitive advantage by forming the cooperation. More complex than alliances; bilateral relationship doesn’t qualify as network. From left to right: Market: “buy”. Network: jv, licensing, outsourcing, equity share, contractual cooperation, joint R&D. Hierarchy: “make” From left to right: Market: “buy”. Network: jv, licensing, outsourcing, equity share, contractual cooperation, joint R&D. Hierarchy: “make” Types of Networks: X & Y: X: Alliances between partners with complementary skills/strengths “closing the gap”. Y: Alliances between partners with mutually reinforcing resources/skills/competences “critical mass alliance”; by joining forces you reach a critical mass. Horizontal, vertical & lateral cooperation: Horizontal: Companies within the same position of the value chain cooperate (e.g. alliance between airlines) Vertical: companies from different positions within the value chain cooperate (eg. Buyer supplier relationships along the supply chain) Lateral: across industries, different players from different industries. Stable & Dinamic: Stable: platform for cooperation. Dinamic: project-based. Virtual factory: dynamic, order processing. Competition: Networks compete to each other; network is the compeititive ...
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...Small business social responsibility: Expanding core CSR theory Laura J. Spence Abstract This paper seeks to expand business and society research in a number of ways. Its primary purpose is to redraw two core CSR theories (stakeholder theory and Carroll’s CSR pyramid), enhancing their relevance for small business. This is done by the application of the ethic of care, informed by the value of feminist perspectives and the extant empirical research on small business social responsibility. It is proposed that the expanded versions of core theory have wider relevance, value and implications beyond the small firm context. The theorization of small business social responsibility enables engagement with the mainstream of CSR research as well as making a contribution to small business studies in scholarly, policy and practice terms. Key words: corporate social responsibility, ethic of care, feminist ethics, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), small business, Carroll’s pyramid, stakeholder theory. Correspondence: Laura J. Spence, PhD. Professor of Business Ethics. Director, Centre for Research into Sustainability, School of Management, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK. Laura.Spence@rhul.ac.uk Acknowledgements: With sincere thanks to the special issue editors and reviewers, Kate Grosser and Dirk Matten for their insightful comments in the development of this paper. Introduction Small business social responsibility - whether it be a software...
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...AEROSPACE MBA Syllabus & Curriculum 2015-2016 Contact: Phone: +33 5 61 29 48 64 Fax: +33 5 61 29 48 07 E-mail: aerospace.mba@tbs-education.fr TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome to the Toulouse Business School Aerospace MBA program 3 The pedagogical philosophy 4 The general structure of the Aerospace MBA 4 Assessment guidelines 7 Team Building Seminar and Leadership Development 10 Core Management 14 Process Workshops 23 Electives 34 Corporate mission project / Professional thesis 35 Academic team 37 Administrative and Management Team 39 Appendix I: Details on Multicultural Team Project 40 Appendix II: Details on Corporate mission project / Professional thesis 41 2 Welcome to the Toulouse Business School Aerospace MBA Program Preamble The Aerospace MBA is a post-experience degree seen as a career accelerator or a means to make a career shift after a minimum of 3 years’ professional experience. This MBA is a generalist degree in business administration with a broadening management program linked to the Aerospace sector and environment. The Aerospace MBA has a minimum length of one year of full-time or 2 years of part time study in the wonderful city of Toulouse. The Aerospace MBA will require a significant amount of classroom study or structured contact. In all, the program requires a minimum of 1800 hours of personal work. This MBA program is intellectually demanding...
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