...Environment Environment movements are real threats for Pharmaceutical industry as these movements focus on green environments and reduce chemicals and carbon which comes from pharmaceutical industries. It is not being possible to ignore these issues as they are supposed to be practiced under United Nation charter for clean and better environment. For example Pfizer is a well reputed British Pharmaceutical company which has aims to save the environment as much as possible from chemicals, waste water which includes active pharmaceutical ingredients mixture of different compounds and carbon which comes from their pharmaceutical industries. Different strategies could be used to reduce carbon and chemical waste from drugs for human environment, like proper consumption ,good way of savages for hospitals waste water like advance waste water treatment technology, private house hold expire drugs, training and education of medical professionals to reduce over prescription, and public education and awareness. These strategies could be help full for save green house environment from drugs. In conclusion if we do focus on three principal strategies to reduce the input of chemicals compounds, carbon, and waste water in to the environment are substitution of complex chemical compounds, advance technical approach, and proper education and training of doctors, retailers and consumers. (Klaus Kümmerer, 2009) Social The social life, physical activities and level of health of a community affects...
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...Maintaining food security at the national and household level is a major priority for most developing countries, both for the welfare of the poor as well as for political stability. In order to help assure food security, developing country governments have adopted various strategies including efforts to increase production (often with an explicit goal of food self-sufficiency), government intervention in markets, and public distribution of food and maintenance of national food security stocks. Food aid, both for short-term emergency relief and program food aid, that helps address medium-term food “deficits”, is often a major component of these food security strategies. This essay therefore is going to define the concept of food aid and explain its impact on the development efforts of developing countries drawing practical examples from Zambian experience. It will first start by defining key terms which are food aid, development and the impact of food aid will be looked into and lastly a conclusion will be drawn from the discussion Food aid, is defined by Maxwell (1982) as external help from foreign governments or originating from a donor country, while Young (1992) views it as “all food supported interventions aimed at improving the food security of people living in poverty in the short and long term, whether funded via international, national, public or private resources. The purpose of Food Aid is to promote food security of developing countries. This is accomplished by the...
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...THE ROLE OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMEMT ON OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY: A CASE STUDY OF NEW VISION PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPANY LIMITED BY AMUNYO DENIS 11/U/13994/PLE/PE A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENUERSHIP IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR DEGREE IN PROCUREMENT AND LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT OF KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 29TH 2014 * * DECLARATION; I Amunyo Denis sincerely declare that this report is authentic and an original work of my hands, initiative and brain and has never been presented to any institution/university for the award of certificate or diploma or bachelor’s degree or any other qualification. Therefore it’s valid and my personal working. Students Name………………………………………………………………………………….. Signature………………………………………………………………………………………… Date……………………………………………………………………………………………… * APPROVAL; I do certify that this was under my supervision and recommend it for submission. Research supervisor…………………………………………… Signature……………………………………………………… Date…………………………………………………………… * DEDICATION; This document is importantly presented in appreciation of my family’s effort in upbringing me right from the time I was born with a blank brain to this very moment when I can declare that I too have become a person of substance, to my elder brother Mr.Odeke Ivan who has all along taken my parents place mostly as my shield, my maternal relatives for the support they endeavored to offer me both...
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...The pharmaceutical industry is described by high levels of risky and lengthy R&D process, tough competition for intellectual property, tighter government regulations and powerful pressures on buying power. (Johnson, 2006) In 2011, several blockbuster drugs patent like Lipitor will expire, possibly endangering the revenues of the pharmaceutical industry for the next three to five years. On the global level, the historical supremacy of the US was being challenged with the highest market growth rates recorded in emerging markets. The industry more than ever need to get a handle on the slippery business by offering a true step change in strategy. This will critically analyse the Global Pharmaceutical Industry with PESTEL, Porter’s five forces, SWOT analysis and plausible views of industry in the future. PESTLE PESTLE analysis used to help organisation to understand in depth the current status of the organisation and the external factors which are effecting it. It also helps to the Management to make strategy for the future and overcome the weak areas of the organization. PESTLE is comprises of political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors. Political The both policies (domestic and foreign) of government have a great effect on the industry innovation as compare to the other factors. To get the attentions of firms due to increase the economic importance, government offer special incentives which encourage to the industry to globalisation. For...
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...The Global Pharmaceutical Industry: Conduct an external analysis Introduction The pharmaceutical industry is described by high levels of risky and lengthy R&D process, tough competition for intellectual property, tighter government regulations and powerful pressures on buying power. (Johnson, 2006) In 2011, several blockbuster drugs patent like Lipitor will expire, possibly endangering the revenues of the pharmaceutical industry for the next three to five years. On the global level, the historical supremacy of the US was being challenged with the highest market growth rates recorded in emerging markets. The industry more than ever need to get a handle on the slippery business by offering a true step change in strategy. This case study will critically analyse the Global Pharmaceutical Industry with PESTEL, Porter’s five forces, SWOT analysis and plausible views of industry in the future. PESTLE PESTLE analysis used to help organisation to understand in depth that what is the current status of the organisation and the external factors which are effecting. It also helps to the Management to make strategy for the future and overcome the weak areas of the organization. PESTLE is comprises of political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors. Political The both policies (domestic and foreign) of government have a great effect on the industry innovation as compare to the other factors. To get the attentions of firms due to increase the economic...
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...Role of Risk Management in Managing Price volatility in the Global oil and gas market 1.Introduction “Oil is the life blood of civilization. It fuels the vast majority of the world’s mechanized transportation equipment – automobiles, trucks, trains ships, farm equipment, the military, etc. oil is also the primary feedstock for many of the chemicals that are essential to modern life”(Hirsch et al. 2005:2). It can be said that; there cannot be economic growth without oil, therefore oil is crucial to the world economy, and change in prices would definitely have a knock on effect on the world economy, the oil market is complex, very volatile and it’s capital intensive (Sharma 1998:2). “Oil Prices have exhibited unprecedented volatility in recent months , prices rose from 2004 to historic highs in mid -2008 and only to fall in the last four months of 2008” (kojima 2009:9). Economic growth in the United States of America (USA) and the emerging new markets between 2004 and 2008 gave rise to demand for oil and high-rise in the price of oil. This high volatility of prices has led governments and institutions to intervene in the oil market. This coursework aims at showing the impact of oil price volatility in the global market; it also examines the various roles played by governments, financial institutions and The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in stabilizing and managing the risk, and the remote causes of price volatility. Government intervention...
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...depression as the economic dependency based on workplace is the primary key indicator to trigger off the psychological imbalance within human beings. This article elaborates the remedial procedures and responsibilities for both the employees and employer to participate in harmony to overcome the components and mange those which give rise to anxiety and depression. The approach if being managed professionally will arrest the negative mental health of the employees which will add up to incremental productivity which will eliminate cost and bear revenue generations for the organisations. Introduction : Sociological, economical, political and environmental aspects have given to increase trends in anxiety and depression across all sects of human beings across the world. This is leading to the withdrawal symptoms of employees resulting to absenteeism, error in work, low productivity which is resulting to increase of cost and loss of revenue which is having an economic impact in the society as well as the country. This article follows through the concept of anxiety and depression, referring the various theories which have been taken as case studies, the management of this neurological disorders, therapeutic evaluation and results. The article concludes as it...
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...Answers Professional Level – Essentials Module, Paper P3 Business Analysis 1 (a) December 2013 Answers Internal growth, sometimes called organic growth, takes place when the company grows by building on and developing its own existing competencies. This is how MachineShop has grown to date. The frequent opening of new stores represents its organic growth. The company appears to be comfortable and successful in this approach. As well as being familiar with this approach, internal growth has a number of other advantages for MachineShop. First, MachineShop is the only company which really understands the market that it has positioned itself in. Consequently, there are no equivalent companies or competitors to target for acquisition and so there is no clear alternative to organic growth. This market knowledge is a core competence, creating and reinforcing competitive advantage. Second, although the final cost of developing through organic growth may be greater than through acquisition, the spread of cost may be easier to bear. Acquisitions usually require a major expenditure at a certain point in time. A slower rate of change, associated with more gradual expenditure and sustainable growth, may also minimise disruption to other activities within the company. Acquisition can be a significant distraction and it could easily prevent the directors from continuing their successful expansion of the MachineShop stores. In some circumstances, internal growth may be the only realistic...
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...| About IMF The International Monetary Fund (IMF) works to bring up International Monetary Cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth and to reduce the poverty around the world. IMF was created in 1945 and it’s an organization of 187 countries. Why IMF was created and how it works? The IMF, also known as the “Fund,” was conceived at a United Nations conference convened in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, in July 1944. The 44 governments represented at that conference sought to build a framework for economic cooperation that would avoid a repetition of the vicious circle of competitive devaluations that had contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s. Work of IMF The primary mission of the IMF is to provide financial assistance to countries those countries who experience financial and economic difficulties and to sought those difficulties they are given financial help by using funds deposited with the IMF from the institution’s 187 member countries. Member of IMF states with balance of payments problems, which often arise from these difficulties, may request loans from IMF to help fill gaps between what countries earn and/or are able to borrow from other official lenders and what countries must spend to operate, including covering the cost of importing basic goods and services. In return, countries are required to launch certain reforms which have often been dubbed...
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...direction. The target figure of fiscal deficit is 4.6 % during 2011-12. It is further targeted to reach 4.1% and 3.5% in FY13 and FY14 respectively. These estimates are majorly based upon two factors * An optimistic growth in tax Revenues * A substantial decline in the subsidy expenditure. We would analyze the feasibility of the aforementioned assumptions and would argue the difficulties that lie ahead in the realization of the two factors. GOI has assumed a growth in tax collections of 18% with a real economic growth of 9%, which seems highly optimistic given the poor implementation of tax reforms and seemingly unstable global macroeconomic environment. Budget at a Glance Rs. Bn | 2009-2010 A | 2010-2011 BE | 2010-2011 RE | 2011-2012 BE | 1. Revenue Receipts | 5,728 | 6,822 | 7,838 | 7,899 | 2. Tax Revenue (net to Centre) | 4,565 | 5,341 | 5,637 | 6,645 | 3. Non-tax Revenue | 1,163 | 1,481 | 2,201 | 1,254 | 4. Capital Receipts $ | 4,517 | 4,265 | 4,327 | 4,678 | 8. Total Receipts $ | 10,245 | 11,087 | 12,166 | 12,577 | 9. Non-plan Expenditure | 7,211 | 7,357 | 8,216 | 8,162 | 13. Plan Expenditure | 3,034 | 3,731 | 3,950 | 4,415 | 16. Total Expenditure | 10,245 | 11,087 | 12,166 | 12,577 | 17. Revenue Expenditure | 9,118 | 9,587 | 10,537 | 10,972 | 18. Capital Expenditure | 1,127 | 1,500 | 1,629 | 1,606 | 19....
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...supported by the launch of first large-scale mining activities, increased real GDP growth from 7.3 percent to an estimated 11.8 percent in 2012. Inflation dropped to 6.4 percent and continuing high levels of aid helped to build up further international reserves. So far, transition manifests itself predominantly in a loss of business confidence, reflected in lower private sector activity and a depreciating exchange rate. This compounds the already sluggish recovery of the banking sector from the Kabul Bank crisis which hit the country in 2010. Trends in public finance deserve attention: more onbudget aid poses challenges the Government’s capacity to execute an increasing budget. Growth of domestic revenues is slowing due to lower performance in the collection of customs revenues. The medium-term outlook is tainted by uncertainty. Political and security uncertainties are expected to limit private-sector growth in the coming years. Increased public spending, however, will continue to fuel demand for services and construction through 2013. Mining should contribute more noticeably to growth with the increase of oil production in Amu Darya. However, moderate rainfalls are likely, which would reduce this year’s harvest to more a regular output and slow GDP growth to 3.1 percent in 2013. Assuming favorable weather conditions and peaceful elections, growth could pick up in 2014. The transition process exposes Afghanistan to a number of serious risks, such...
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...if you are seeking external funding the security you can offer lenders how you plan to repay any borrowings sources of revenue and income You may also want to include your personal finances as part of the plan at this stage. 1 Financial planning Your forecasts should run for the next three (or even five) years and their level of sophistication should reflect the sophistication of your business. However, the first 12 months' forecasts should have the most detail associated with them. Include the assumptions behind your projection with your figures, both in terms of costs and revenues so investors can clearly see the thinking behind the numbers. 2 What your forecasts should include Break even analysis Profit and loss forecast - a statement of the trading position of the business: the level of profit you expect to make, given your projected sales and the costs of providing goods and services and your overheads. Cashflow statements - your cash balance and monthly cashflow patterns for at least the first 12 to 18 months. The aim is to show that your business will have enough working capital to survive so make sure you have considered the key factors such as the timing of sales and salaries. Business indicators [pic] Break- even analysis shows how much revenue you need to cover both fixed and variable costs and it is an expected component of most business plans, especially for start-up...
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...DRAFT COUNTRY CASE STUDY THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: IMPACT ON BANGLADESH K.A.S. Murshid BROTEE July 19, 2009 The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Anwara Begum, Research Fellow, BIDS and Mr. Zabid Iqbal, Research Associate, BIDS. The author is a Research Director, BIDS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (TBC) I Introduction The world economy is currently experiencing the worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression. While major world economies have taken a massive hit resulting in negative growth rates in key countries or regions, including the US, EU and Japan, the contagion also spread to emerging developing countries like China, Brazil, India and South Africa, as well as to the countries of South East Asia and Latin America. The magnitude of impact seems to depend on the extent of integration with the rest of the world (or to use World Bank jargon, the extent of liberalization that has taken place). The impact on LDCs like Bangladesh has been muted in the first, and even the second round. However, there is growing evidence that third round impacts are making themselves felt, manifested in declining exports, declining migration of labour, growing number of sick industries, industrial unrest, and reduced growth. There are also fears that poverty and unemployment may be...
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...Aviation Industry Information The airline industry provides transportation services for passengers as well as cargo through scheduled air routes. The aviation industry derives its revenues from regular ticket fees and freight charges. Other major components of the aviation sector include: • Air traffic control • Helicopter and private charter services • Airport management • Express delivery service History of the Airline Industry The pioneers of the airline industry, the Wright Brothers invented the first airplane in 1903. The first modern airliner, Boeing 247, was launched in 1933. It traveled at 155 miles per hour and had a capacity of ten passengers. Boeing 747 was launched by Pan Am in 1969. This highly sophisticated aircraft had four engines and a seating capacity of 450. The airline industry initially fell under the category of a public utility service, with government agencies establishing the air routes and prices. However, with the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, the industry became market driven. Demand and Supply Drivers of the Airline Industry The demand drivers of the airline industry include: o Ticket prices o Passenger income levels o Access to and suitability of other modes of transportation o Frequency of services • Safety • Random factors such as terror threat The supply...
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...International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 86 – No 6, January 2014 Project Failure Case Studies and Suggestion Nilofur Abbasi Iqra Wajid Zahra Iqbal Fareeha Zafar, M.phill Business Administration, Kinnaird College Lahore, Pakistan M.phill Business Administration, Kinnaird College Lahore, Pakistan M.phill Business Administration, Kinnaird College Lahore, Pakistan Ph.D University of Derby, Currently Working in Govt. College University Lahore Pakistan ABSTRACT In this research paper three different case studies are taken under consideration. Step by step all three cases are described. These cases are about projects which had to face failure. Therefore, the reasons for failure of projects are identified and recommendations are given to ail failing projects. First case study is about British Petroleum which is oil and Gas Company had to face situation which was not just critical but new for any oil company. The incident occurred due to explosion in the deep-water horizon while BP technical staff was trying to drill a well. Moreover, BP was not able to stop oil flow for three months. Second case is about Chrysler and Fiat. Both were automobile companies and had to face failure. Marchionne was the one who saved both companies. The main focus of this case is merger of these two companies and the challenges faced by CEO due to organizational change after merger. Third case study is about Millennium Dome, one of the controversial projects in the history...
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