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Corporate Social Responsiblity

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LITERATURE REVIEW

The concept and framework of CSR has been established by the European Union in relation to promote the CSR to the business society and environment. Corporate Social Responsibility refers to the “firm’s consideration of, and response to, issue beyond the narrow economic, technical, and legal requirements of the firm…(to) accomplish social benefits along with the traditional economic gains which the firm seek.”(Husted 2003).

CSR was defined by European Commission (2007) is “a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with the stakeholders on a voluntary basis” following increasingly aware that responsible behaviour leads to sustainable business success. CSR is about managing change at company level in a socially responsible manner which can be viewed in two different dimensions:

1. Internal – socially responsible practices that mainly deal with employees and related to issues such as investing in human capital, health and safety and management change, while environmentally responsible practices related mainly to the management of natural resources and its usage in production

2. External – CSR beyond the company into the local community and involves a wide range of stakeholders such as business partners, suppliers, customers, public authorities, and NGOs that representing local communities as well as environment.

A company should focus on areas such as economic, environmental and social when developing sustainability strategy (Szekely & Knorsch 2005). Sustainability strategy development can be based on legitimacy, economic and social theories. These theories explain social disclosures pattern by organizations (Hanniffa & Cooke 2007). Thus, CSR practices can be based on these three strategies.

Legitimacy theory is whereby corporate

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