...BACKGROUND INFO: http://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/education-and-training/early-childhood https://www.education.gov.au/early-learning https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_student_performance https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=australia%27s%20education%20ranking What is Secondary school? School education in Australia includes preschool, preparatory (or kindergarten), primary school, secondary school (or high school) andsenior secondary school (or college). Schooling lasts for 13 years, from preparatory to senior secondary. School is compulsory until at least the age of 16. What is a middle school? Most regions of Australia do not have middle schools, as students go directly from primary school to secondary school. As an alternate to themiddle school model, some secondary schools divided their grades into Junior High School (Years 7 to 9 or 10) and Senior High School(Years 10 or 11 and 12) What is high school? A high school (also secondary school, senior school, secondary college) is a school that provides children and youth with part or all of their secondary education. It may come after primary school or middle school and be followed by higher education or vocational training. What is primary school in Australia? School education is 13 years and divided into: Primary school - Runs for seven or eight years, starting at Kindergarten/Preparatory through to Year 6 or 7. Secondary school -...
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...“minor infractions”) to help maintain submission by the other inmates to the “major” rules and regulations in place within the prison. Oftentimes, as noted by Stinchcomb and Fox (1999), the toleration exhibited by guards and the assistance generated by those inmates taking advantage of the guards’ generosity, is nothing more than a structure of unofficial concessions that may...
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...punishment for breaking the law in the United States is incarceration. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reports that at the end of 2010, there were 2,266,800 adults incarcerated in the U.S. federal and state prisons, and county jails (Prisoner Statistics, 2012). When one adds the reported 493,100 corrections staff working inside the prison or jail, the total number of people interacting on a daily basis in this closed society creates conditions where corruption at some level is likely to occur (Bureau, 2012). Research suggests corruption of correction officers, also known as detention officers, or guards is a serious issue that should be continually addressed by facility management because it occurs for many reasons and takes on many forms that can pervert the justice system. This paper will explain some main forms of corruption, give outrageous examples of documented corruption, and spell out why, given the ethics expected of the profession, corruption must be continually addressed and prevented. The first step for criminals is finding the officer with a mindset that can be corrupted. Low to median pay scales for these officers and an increase in offenders affiliated with the gang element of society has increased the potential for corruption related manipulation of prison staff (Diaz, 2009). “Corrections and law enforcement work by its very nature involves the...potential for gradual deterioration of social-moral inhibitions and perceived sense of permissibility for deviant...
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...helps people get through tough situations. The film makes its viewers think about how having or lacking hope can effect out lives in reality and makes them conclude that having hope is a good and important thing. In The Shawshank Redemption demonstrates how hope is an important thing to have. We are introduced to Andy du Frense, Red Redding and their fellow prison inmates. Throughout the film Andy has a peaceful and positive disposition and this is because he has hope. Whilst having a conversation with Red, Andy talks about his dreams of what he is going to do with his life when he gets out of prison. Red responds negatively, claiming that “hope can drive a man insane”. Andy replies saying “Hope is a good thing, maybe the best thing and no good thing ever Galvez 2 dies”. This demonstrates that Andy has hope. A consequence of Andy’s hope is that he manages to escape from prison by tunneling through the wall of his prison cell and crawling out a 500 yard sewage pipe to freedom. The Shawshank Redemption shows how hope is a good thing to have as Andy escapes prison because of his hopes to have a nice life outside of prison in a place with no memory, by the Pacific Ocean, Mexico. Having hope is an important thing for...
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...topic is that killing any number of people would not reduce the escalating rate of crime in South Africa. One needs to deal with the problem realistically. In my view implementing the death penalty is a cosmetic solution to a very real problem. One needs to break down the source of crime control namely the police service, the prison service and the judicial system. Each of these systems need to be analysed critically, flaws need to be identified and rectified constructively. If one looks at the prison service department, much research has indicated that this department is highly stressed and burnt out. Over and above lacking resources, these government workers are paid the lowest salaries. One of the main problems within the police service is bribery and corruption. The source of this corruption and the circumstances that lead to the act of corruption needs to be identified and eradicated. The salary structure as well as promotion opportunities needs to be restructured and redefined. The judicial system is the next tier that controls crime. Corruption within the judicial system is severely exacerbating the crime rate in our country. Corruption within the judicial system needs to be treated as a very serious offence where examples must be set during the sentencing of perpetrators. This will clearly demonstrate an exemplary judicial system where the power of justice and law can displayed to the citizens of our country. More emphasis must be placed on delivery when it...
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...http://www.policeone.com/community-policing/articles/86020-Community-Policing-A-Model-for-Todays-Society/ Role of police in society. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.activistrights.org.au/handbook/ch01s06.php BENZIGER, J. (2010, November 1). The Role of Police in Democracy. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.dynamicyouth.org/index.php?option=com_content&id=1583:the-role-of-police-in-democracy&Itemid=85 2. Corruption – (Chapter 7 – Police Corruption and Responses) Article: Griffith, D. (2003, October 1). Corruption: Cracking Down on Bad Cops. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.policemag.com/channel/patrol/articles/2003/10/corruption-cracking-down-on-bad-cops.aspx Web Sites: Statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.policemisconduct.net/statistics/ Police Corruption and Misconduct. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/PoliceCorruptionandMisconduct White, S. (1999, July 4). Controlling Police Corruption. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/paradox/hwhite.html 3. Misconduct – (Chapter 13 - Correctional Professionals: Misconduct and Responses) Article: Staff Misconduct. (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2014, from http://www.correctionsone.com/staff-misconduct/articles/ Web Sites: A Correctional Officer's Challenge; Does Abuse or Neglect lead to...
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...Prison system corruption along with criminal justice corruption continues to occur to this day. Stephen King and Bryan Stevenson discuss in their book and movie, the corruption of both prison systems and the criminal justice system as a whole. Their book or movie only differ in discussion about corruption, due to the time the book was written or the time the movie was based on. Corrupt leaders is one of the many topics of Stephen and Bryan Stevenson cover in their book or movie. For example, in Shawshank Redemption, the warden uses Andy, a prisoner, to accomplish his banking needs in 1940. This allows the warden to hide his dirty flow of cash from state employees. The warden even goes to the extreme, and gets an eyewitness of the real confession of the murderer of Andy’s wife and lover. This example can be closely related to an arrest made in Just Mercy. Furthermore, Walter McMillian, an African American was arrested in...
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...half of San Francisco and all of southeastern San Mateo, was arrested due to charges on public corruptions and gun trafficking. Throughout his office years as a member of the California State Assembly and Senate, Leland was bribed to vote against bills such as AB146, SB700, and AB881. AB146 was to prohibit oil industries from dictating the prices for set areas. Leland opposed the law and voted against it; the bill was defeated in committee in a 3-4 vote. For more than a year before the vote, Leland’s campaign contribution from oil interests was only $250 from a Shell gas station owner. A month after Leland voted against the bill, oil and gas companies contributed over $30,000 for Leland’s campaign. There were many similar instances where his votes countered the best interests for his constituents after the major donations. The bills that he opposed could’ve made a hug change in the community, but he chose money over change....
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...legislative branch. The courts in Venezuela does not have equal share with the executive. The Venezuelan brand of federalism does not provide for state courts. The law is perceived as the same, unitary, throughout the national territory (Country studies). The Venezuelan prison system, which consisted of twenty-five institutions (Data, 1990) that has suffered from both understaffing and overcrowding. Not only had that but the prison had graft and corruption. During the 1980’s crimes in Venezuela had increased and the prison had become more congested. There were a total of twenty five prisons throughout Venezuela which consist of 17 judicial detainment centers, 7 nation jails and penitentiaries, 1 national institute of female orientation (Data, 1990). The correction officers or civilian workers were personnel of Ministry of Justice. All the guards on the external of the prison were personnel of the nation guard. The rehabilitation that the convicted criminal would get before being released came to a halt due to the overcrowding of the prison. The prison overcrowding also lead to corruption, homosexuality and drug abuse in the Venezuelan prisons. Reference Michael, John. (1999). Demand Media. Pros & Cons of Private Prisons. Retrieved on February 5, 2012 from...
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...PRISON IN AMERICA Since the beginning of time there has been good and evil, as man developed modern society he found that a need existed to separate the bad from the good. Society needed to find a way to protect the weak and defenseless citizens from the dangers of mankind. The use of confinement to punish offenders began in Europe in the early eighteen century. The concept of incarcerating offenders for long periods of time as a way of punishment for crimes is fairly new development in America. (McShane, Williams 1996) Before 1770’s with a few exceptions serious offenders received fines, corporal punishment, death, and banishment, but they were not incarcerated as a form of punishment. (McShane, Williams 1996) Jails were made to only hold people awaiting trail and minor offenses. This was in accordance with Puritan views that man was born into sin and punishment was God’s way of dealing with sin and evil deeds. This type of thinking was thrown out due to changing ways of criminal behavior. Now enter the modern institution designed to deal with this new breed of criminal behaviors. The first prison in America is supposed to be the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia (1790) There is however another, an abandoned copper mine in Connecticut which was converted into a prison. In 1773 Newgate prison accepted its first inmate by the 1820’s it was closed due to rising costs. (McShane, Williams 1996) This was the first institution designed to incarcerate offenders with...
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...The Corruption of Power In his memoir Night, Elie Wiesel shows the corruption brought on by power. As a young boy, Wiesel is taken to Auschwitz, the most infamous concentration camp of World War II. From there he travels from camp to camp, eventually losing his father to death right before liberation. Several experiments and people prove the corruption of power. In the Stanford prison experiment, the guards become cold and ruthless in their punishment of the prisoners. Hitler convinces an entire nation to follow his twisted version of a future. Many concentration camps are known worldwide for their past cruelty. In all of these cases, people use power to exert control over others. If power is used to control, then in the wrong hands the old axiom is true: absolute power does corrupt absolutely. As an example of the corruption of power, guards exert unjust control over prisoners in the Stanford prison experiment. In fact, one guard says after the experiment, “Once you slip into that costume, you become that person.” The experiment is just a farce, but it becomes so real they have to call it off eight days before the allotted time for the experiment is up. The guards and prisoners are both ordinary students, but they change drastically during the six days of the experiment. The guards have power thrust upon them...
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...Mexican Drug Wars Today Mexico and it citizens are in the middle of a major battle zone between powerful drug cartel who are going to extreme measures to claim their territories and gain more power. Mexican government have stated that their primary focus is on dismantling the powerful drug cartels, however they need to begin by doing internal cleaning within their authorities and politicians in order to be able to accomplish this. There are many factors that have gone into the drug cartels evolving into what they are today, but there is one that is above the rest and that is government corruption. The lack of authority and poor management in the Mexican government is the primary reason the cartels strength & control has grown to where it is today. The war on drugs in Mexico begin in Dec 2006, when their formal president Felipe Calderon ordered the federal police and army units to go out and battle the cartels directly by taking down high value leaders. Not only did this strategy fail, some critics say it made matters worse. The cartels begin escalating their violence in order to counteract the aggressive strategy of the government. With so many deaths associated to the drug trade and the fight for supremacy among the cartels in Mexico, going head to head with the cartels proved to be the wrong decision. With the Mexican government sending thousands of troops and federal police to contest this, it has only served to increase the death toll across Mexico. There have been...
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...A brief Review of Corruption Table of Contents Table of Contents……………………………………………………………2 Abstract………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction………………………………………………………………....4 Background………………………………………………………………….5 Research Methods ……………………………………………………....…..7 Interviews……………………………………………………………….……7 Results………………………………………………………………………..16 Discussion…………………………………………………………………….16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………17 Work Cited…………………………………………………………………..18 Abstract My research paper will not be designed to solve a particular problem but instead to illuminate the enormity and insidious nature of ‘Corruption. Also to illustrate, by various examples how, trivial local issues of corruption are probably just r the tip of the iceberg. In other words, the problem is identify and discuss examples of ‘Corruption’ of varying sizes, importance to the local community and nation, and the media exposure of each. To begin my research, I sought to get a clear workable definition of ‘Corruption’ as evidenced by the three almost distinct definitions presented in the text...The research also involved interviews of community members. The third phase of my research involved reading and investigating what newspaper’s reported on ‘Corruption’; what writers and scholars from academia recorded; and what I could gleam from magazines and other periodicals. The Conclusions drawn are: - The minority voting population is very immature and should grow up and stop voting...
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...Mr. May APLAC December 16 2012 Jack Abramoff Corruption in governments inspires frantic media coverage and people to lose faith in politics. The United States has a long history of these scandals that has initiated some concern about the way the government is run. Jack Abramoff, a once powerful lobbyist, was recently involved in one of the largest scandals in Washington. Abramoff rose from, generally, nothing to becoming America’s most notorious lobbyist. When scandal ultimately cast him down, Abramoff was sentenced to four years in federal prison for fraud, tax evasion, and conspiracy. While serving his term in jail, he had received vile and harsh insults that depicted him as “scum” and “evil.” Now released from the penitentiary, Abramoff is the author of the novel Capitol Punishment. By writing this book, he tries to expose the truth about the broken the U.S. Government system really is but also justify his actions and hope to redeem little pieces of his honor. Using clever diction, syntax, and numerous appeals to pathos, Jack Abramoff attempts to repent for his actions and gain redemption. Abramoff’s diction allows for the audience to view his actions in an alternative more positive direction, rather than maliciously and with anger. The first few chapters of the book describe his childhood and formative years. His conservative principles and his calculating self brought him early spotlight and success in the political realm. Abramoff, for about the first half of his...
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...the sources? 7. Discuss the seemingly contradictory ideal that to ensure the natural rights presented by natural law theorists there must be both less government involvement and more government involvement. 8. Define punishment and then discuss the major rationales of punishment. 9. What are Mackie’s three types of retribution? Compare and contrast them 10. Describe how CO’s have discretion similar to police officers and court personnel. 11. List and describe some forms of corruption committed by CO’s. 12. What are some ways to reduce corruption in the prison environment? 13. Describe the discretion of probation and parole officers and provide examples of ethical and unethical applications of discretion 14. Discuss ethical issues for probation and parole officers and differentiate them 15. Describe the types of probation officers and ethical issues for each. 16. Explain how Abu Ghraib can provide us with lessons for managing the ethical prison. 17. List and discuss some management practices that have been found to contribute to an ethical workplace...
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