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Cost Accounting Chapter 17 Notes

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Chapter 17
Process Costing

➢ Process Costing – the method of assigning total cost to many identical or similar units. Each unit receives the same or similar amounts of direct material costs, direct labor costs, and indirect manufacturing costs. Unit costs are computed by dividing total costs incurred by the number of units of output from the production process. The main difference between process costing and job costing is the extend of averaging used to compute unit costs of products or services.

o Focus on individual units o Focus on cost components (Beginning WIP and Currently added. o Focus on when costs are introduced into the process. o Focus on beginning and ending inventories and percentage of completion. o This system in the assembly department has a single direct-cost category (DM), and a single indirect-cost category (conversion costs: DL and MOH). Assuming that we only use direct materials are added at one time and conversion costs are added evenly after that

➢ Equivalent Units of Production (EUP) – a derived amount of output units that (1) takes the quantity of each input (factor of production) in units completed and in incomplete units of work in process and (2) converts the quantity of input into the amount of completed output units that could be produced with that quantity of input. EUP is calculated separately for each input (DM, DL or MOH (CC). Ex: If 50 physical units were started but not completed by the end of the period, and they are estimated to be 70% complete with respect to conversion costs. Then 35 units (70%x50) could have been completed by the end of the month.

Steps for Calculating Equivalent Units of Production and Cost per Unit 1. Summarize the flow of physical units of output. 2. Compute output in terms of equivalent units. 3.

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