...purpose of this paper. To make sure how important systems security is to our country. In 2001 and 2002 Gary McKinnon hacked into US military computer networks. He Deleted important files in the operating systems in the US army’s district in Washington. Shutting down 2000 computers for 24 hours. He deleted weapons logs and crashed 300 computers for munition’s delivery to the US NAVY. He also broke into NASA networks to search for evidence of UFO cover-ups. In 2009, Albert Gonzalez helped steal about 36 million credit card numbers from TJX ,which cost the company about 160 million Dollars. Literature Review Social engineering is a practice of obtaining confidential information by manipulating users in social communication. In The Art of Deception: Controlling the Human Element of Security by Kevin Mitnick. The Book talks about social engineering and how it is used to gain information in financial, manufacturing, medical, and legal companies to gain access to their networks. I thought this book was important reading for company’s...
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...Kevin Mitnick – Social Engineering and Computer Hacking Mastermind Shelby Descoteaux Professor Kabay IS 340 A Nov. 22, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Kevin Mitnick 3 Hackers and Their Motives 3 The Early Years 4 Adolescence 5 Kevin in Trouble 6 Kevin’s Final Visit from the FBI 7 Hacker or Engineer? 8 Impact on Computer Security 8 Conclusion 9 Works Cited 10 Introduction Most people today are aware of the detrimental risk that hackers pose to their computers. They might know about identity theft, viruses, Trojans and worms however what they fail to recognize is how these things are accomplished and if they have actually fallen victim to one of these horrible attacks. But what about attacks with even greater impacts…like someone hacking into the computer system of a car that controls the brakes? Perhaps penetrating the systems that control nuclear power plants? Although it seems unlikely that either of these extremely scary scenarios would ever happen, it is most definitely possible. One researcher for IBM’s Internet Security Systems told the owners of a nuclear power station that he could hack into their system through the Internet. The power station took this as a joke, responding to Scott Lunsford, the IBM researcher, with a laugh in his face saying that it was “impossible”. In response, Scott took up the power plant on their words and proved them wrong. In less than twenty-four hours, Scott’s team had infiltrated the system and in...
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...“You could spend a fortune purchasing technology and services...and your network infrastructure could still remain vulnerable to old-fashioned manipulation.” Kevin Mitnick [4] Social engineering is one of the ways hackers get an access to sensitive information, such as passwords, access codes, credit card numbers, etc. Instead of breaking into a computer system, the persuasive hackers trick people into giving up the information on their own. [1] According to the Security and Risk website, social engineering attacks are very costly for businesses. For example, once hackers get the needed log in information, they can then spy on an organization’s activity and transactions. Annually, an organization can lose thousands of dollars on such attacks. New employees are the primary victims that become the prey of hackers via phishing emails and social networking sites. [2] The most common method of social engineering attacks is phishing or spam scams. The victim receives an urgent email where he or she asked to follow a link to verify the account number or any other “important” data. Hackers use well known organizations and banks’ logos and these kinds of emails are very convincing. There are different variations to this method, though. Instead of phony emails, a victim can receive a phony call from an “authority” or an IT specialist that tries to get the sensitive information from a victim. Also, there are different variations to it when hackers pretend to be some...
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...Supporting Activities Adam Kacho BSA 310 Business Systems October 23, 2012 Carlos Perales, MSCIS Discussion Question 1 • Discuss the role that preparing employees to recognize and respond to social engineering techniques should play in the organization’s overall information security program. Preparing employees to recognize and respond to social engineering techniques requires training, awareness, and accountability. By reviewing and following the employees organizational security policies through training, they can determine the appropriate response to whether or not they should provide sensitive information requested from them through social engineering. Guidelines are typically in place for employees to follow and generally include: • “Be cautious when someone requests sensitive information from you; verify the requester's identity and ensure that the requester is entitled to the information before giving it out. • Consider asking him why he wants the information, and then ask an authorized colleague whether or not the requester is actually entitled to the information. • Request proof of identity, whether on the phone or in person. If identification is provided or otherwise visible, verify its validity before providing the requested information. Don't be afraid to place the caller on hold, or get a number and call him or her back, so that you can verify the requester's identity and the validity of the request...
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...Sherman Computer Repair New Direction Sherman Computer Repair New Direction This paper will examine the Sherman Computer Repair Company and their external environment. Sherman Computer Repair (SCR) is an undersized company that repairs damaged computers. At present, SRC has three business locations where patrons can purchase repairs on broken hardware. At the location of all three business sites SRC employs three full-time computer techs, one on-site manager along with one receptionist. In addition, SRC also employs 12 mobile techs that provide SRC customers with the choice of reliable in house repair service. Sherman Computer Repair wishes to broaden their horizons by embracing computer assembly to fill the void left by a competitor called Synergetic. Sherman's approaching progress into the industry of computer assembly is one that carries risky implication for them. Sherman Computer Repair must first hire a new professional staff and obtain new technological expertise to make their company transformation successful. This paper will analyze how SRC can meet their goals and grow from the future business prospect. Sherman Computer Repair Organizational Design The Business Directory defines organizational design as formal and informal framework of policies and rules, within which an organization arranges its lines of authority and communications, and allocates rights and duties. Organizational structure is found to determine the manner and extent to which roles, power...
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...Hackers: Scourge of the Internet, or Information Superhero? Kyle Gonzalez ITT Technical Institute Introduction “And then it happened... a door opened to a world... rushing through the phone line like heroin through an addict's veins, an electronic pulse is sent out, a refuge from the day-to-day incompetencys is sought... a bored is found.” – Hackers Manifesto It can be seen all over the news. Visa and PayPal taken offline by hackers, Sony’s PlayStation Network brought to its knees, a cyber defense contractor named Stratfor had its servers hacked and corporate emails leaked. Everything that people know about hacking can be summed up in news articles written by the uninformed. Hacking is bad, and there is no arguing that… Or is there? Most of what people know of hacking comes from the news or Hollywood movies such as Hackers and Swordfish. What they see is only one facet of this fascinating, yet misunderstood world. Hacking is not the evil act that some make it out to be. Hacking can also be a good thing. Enter the White Hat, or Ethical Hackers. These are the network security professionals in which no movies are based. Ethical hacking is used to help analyze networks for security flaws, stop attacks in progress and help keep companies in compliance with government regulations such as PCI or SOX. What is Ethical Hacking? Ethical hacking sounds like an oxymoron, but it does exist and is a very handsomely paying career field. The average ethical hacker can make anywhere...
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...Communication: Overcoming Barriers Christopher J Subbiondo Interpersonal Communication 122 Dr Ticey Hosley PhD November 30, 2009 Communication: Overcoming Barriers Communication is a wonderful and beautiful art. Learning to communicate with others is not an easy task, but once you have mastered it, it becomes much like breathing; it is simply second nature. But like most works of art there are many obstacles to overcome to achieve its full potential. One of those obstacles is what I call communication barriers. There are many examples of communication barriers, most of which we do not even know are there. In the following pages, I will be sharing with you the barriers that block effective communication and how to overcome them to communicate effectively. One of the first things people think of when they think of communication barriers is language. This is generally agreed upon that someone who does not speak the language you speak has a harder time understanding. This is a difficult one to overcome. Time Magazine wrote on November, 26 1956, Nikita Khruschev, The Communist leader of the Soviet Union, addressed the United Nations. His words were misinterpreted and translated as “We will bury you!” This was a time when the Cold War was at large and was believed to be a threat of nuclear annihilation, when in reality he was talking about economic superiority. The easiest answer to this is to arm yourself with knowledge of who you are talking to. By immersing yourself...
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...wellbeing and their competencies (Joost & Fourie, 2009). Strategies created involve the development of employee participation, profit sharing and open information systems at the company. The needs and welfare of the employees are of paramount importance and this detail is integrated into the employee manual. For instance, it is mandatory for employees to take their 30 day leave. The effects resulted in sales growing and the company experiencing an increase in profits. A well developed business strategy is designed according to the elements of differentiation, thrust, target results and domain sought (Yavitz &Newman, 1982). The main changes of Semco which became part of the corporate strategy dealt with the shift into other markets besides engineering (internet and software services) during a time great economic tension and upheaval in the country. Furthermore, the elements of a good strategy sought to investigates, on what basis, will the business seek differential advantage (personnel innovation...
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...Consumer Behaviour in the UK tablet computer market Introduction Consumer behaviour is a complicated and diverse area of study. Since marketing is based on identifying, anticipating and providing customer needs it is important to understand them. There are two predominant types of buying: consumer buying, which consists of buying products for personal use, and organisational buying, which involves buying for organisational purposes. Consumer buying behaviour is defined as the buying behaviour of final consumers, individuals and households who purchase goods and services for personal consumption (Kotler, 2001: 858). It overviews external market environment as well as socio-cultural factors and how the combination of these may affect consumer behaviour. Brief industry and company overview Research in Motion (RIM), a global leader in wireless innovation, revolutionized the mobile industry with the introduction of the BlackBerry® solution in 1999. Founded in 1984 Headquarters in Ontario, Canada Offices in North America, Asia-Pacific and Europe. Led by President and CEO Torsten Heins According to Digitimes Research, with a global economic situation that does not seem too pessimistic for 2012, demand for mobile computing will rise steadily and the price-performance ratio of tablet devices will improve. In the fourth quarter of 2011, worldwide sales of branded tablet devices saw zero growth amid a global economic downturn. Many started wondering whether the tablet...
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...India’s Trade in 2020: A Mapping of Relevant Factors Nagesh Kumar A paper prepared for the Committee on Vision 2020 for India, Planning Commission, Government of India Revised Version: 22 May 2001 Research and Information System for the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries, Zone 4B, India Habitat Centre, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003. Tel.: 468 2175, Fax: 468 2174; Email: nagesh@ndf.vsnl.net.in An earlier version of the paper was presented at the Fifth Meeting of the Committee on Vision 2020 for India, Planning Commission, on 8 February 2001. I benefited from discussions with Dr V.R. Panchamukhi, and from comments of Dr S.P. Gupta and other participants at the Meeting The usual disclaimer applies. India’s Trade in 2020: A Mapping of Relevant Factors Introduction India's trade has generally grown at a faster rate compared to the growth of GDP over the past two decades. With the liberalization since 1991 in particular, the importance of international trade in India’s economy has grown considerably. As a result the ratio of international trade to GDP has gone up from 14 per cent in 1980 to nearly 20 per cent towards the end of the decade of 1990s. Given the trends of globalization and liberalization, the openness of Indian economy is expected to grow further in the coming two decades. The more exact magnitude of India's trade in 2020 and its proportion to India's national income...
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...South Africa is one of the most geographically varied countries of the African continent, comprising territory that ranges from the rolling, fertile plains of the highveld and the wide open savanna of the Eastern Transvaal to the Kalahari desert and the peaks of the Drakensberg Mountains. While all of its diverse regions offer ample opportunities for adventure travel, the focus in South Africa--as in much of sub-Saharan Africa--is the safari. In addition to possessing two of the world's most renowned wildlife reserves, the Kruger and the Kalahari Gemsbok National Parks, the country contains over a dozen smaller regional parks and reserves. In addition, with its excellent road and rail systems, its abundance of top-rated accommodations, and its bountiful farmlands and vineyards, South Africa allows visitors ample opportunity for more luxurious comfort along with adventuresome excitement. Location, Geography, & Climate South Africa is located, as one might expect, on the southern tip of Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the Indian Ocean on the south and east. Along its northern border, from west to east, lie Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe, and to the northeast are Mozambique and Swaziland. Wholly-enclosed by South Africa, and situated in its eastern central plain, is the independent kingdom of Lesotho. Almost all of South Africa's 472,000 square miles (1.2 million sq. km.) lie below the Tropic of Capricorn, and the country is geographically composed...
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...Active Portfolio Management: Country vs. Sector Characteristics Executive Summary This project sets out to invest between 7bn and 9bn Euros for a large pension fund in European equities, chosen from the MSCI Europe Index, which also serves as the benchmark to measure performance against. Two portfolios need to be created, one to reflect asset allocation focussed on countries and the other on sectors, with the number of assets in each portfolio being no more than 150. Both portfolios must be actively managed, having at least an active risk of 3% when compared to the benchmark. To achieve this, I followed a three step top-down approach for our investment decision process. Firstly, I started with an analysis of the macroeconomic environment in Europe, followed by forming opinions on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the constituent countries and sectors, using the macro-analysis to determine which are most likely to perform well, given the long-run trends identified. Finally, I invested in all mid-cap companies within the selected countries and sectors, based on our judgement that middle sized firms are poised to prosper the most in this difficult economic environment, which I predict to remain tough for the foreseeable future. After finalising the initial portfolios in this way, I used BarraOne to optimise them. Following optimisation, I compared the risk profile of each portfolio to the benchmark. Our findings show that an actively managed portfolio, especially one constrained...
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...in: R.A. Meyers (ed.), Encyclopedia of Physical Science & Technology (3rd ed.), (Academic Press, New York, 2001). Cybernetics and Second-Order Cybernetics Francis Heylighen Free University of Brussels Cliff Joslyn Los Alamos National Laboratory Contents I. Historical Development of Cybernetics....................................................... 1 A. Origins..................................................................................... 1 B. Second Order Cybernetics............................................................ 2 C. Cybernetics Today...................................................................... 4 II. Relational Concepts................................................................................ 5 A. Distinctions and Relations........................................................... 5 B. Variety and Constraint ................................................................ 6 C. Entropy and Information.............................................................. 6 D. Modelling Dynamics .................................................................. 7 III. Circular Processes................................................................................... 8 A. Self-Application......................................................................... 8 B. Self-Organization ....................................................................... 9 C. Closure .....................................................................................
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...[pic] TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 5 KONGO GUMI ENVIRONMENT 7 Feudal Japan 8 The Restoration of Edo 8 The Meiji Restoration 9 World War 1 12 The Mid War Period 13 World War 2 15 The Occupation of Japan and Post War Reconstruction 16 The Economic Miracle 17 The Lost Decade 18 Global Financial Crisis 19 Natural Disasters 20 Abenomics 21 STRATEGIES KONGO GUMI USED TO SURVIVE TURBULENCE 23 Kongo Gumi in the 20th Century 23 Meiji restoration 23 The Mid War Period 24 World war 11 24 KONGO GUMI WOULD HAVE SURVIVED IF: 25 WOULD KONGO GUMI HAVE SURVIVED IF IT MADE IT THROUGH TO THE ABENOMICS ERA? 26 LESSONS FROM KONGO GUMI 27 CONCLUSION 28 REFERENCES 31 Appendix 1 – Infographic of Japan’s timeline EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Kongo Gumi was a success as it operated in a stable industry. The belief system has survived for thousands of years and has many millions of adherents. With this firm foundation, Kongo had survived some tumultuous times. The temple construction had until recently been a reliable mainstay, contributing 80% of Kongo Gumi's $67.6 million in 2004 revenues. The story of Kongo Gumi suggests that firms should blend elements of conservatism and flexibility. This means that firms should stay in the same business for more than a millennium and...
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...answer the following questions: ■ ■ What are the basics concepts of network security? What are some common network security vulnerabilities and threats? ■ ■ What are security attacks? What is the process of vulnerability analysis? Key Terms This chapter uses the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the glossary at the end of the book. Unstructured threats Structured threats External threats Internal threats Hacker Cracker Phreaker Spammer Phisher page 21 page 21 page 21 page 21 page 21 page 20 page 20 page 20 page 21 White hat Black hat page 21 page 21 page 28 page 28 Dictionary cracking Brute-force computation Trust exploitation Port redirection page 28 page 29 page 30 Man-in-the-middle attack Social engineering Phishing page 30 page 30 2 Network Security 1 and 2 Companion Guide The Internet continues to grow exponentially. Personal, government, and business applications continue to multiply on the Internet, with immediate benefits to end users. However, these network-based applications and services can pose security risks to individuals and to the information resources of companies and governments. Information is an asset that must be protected. Without adequate network security, many individuals, businesses, and governments risk losing that asset. Network security is the process by which digital information assets are protected. The goals of network security are as follows: ■ ■ ■ Protect confidentiality Maintain integrity...
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