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Coverage Ratios

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IMPORTANT; Project Finance Coverage Ratios

DS = Interest Payment + Principal Repayments due on a given date

CADS = Cash Available for Debt Service CADS equals to pre-tax operating income plus interest income from reserve account minus mandatory capital expenditure minus investment in net working capital minus required contributions to reserve accounts.

Note: Depreciation & amortisations should be added back to net operating income. Indirect taxes should also be subtracted from operating income if included in operating income earlier but income tax should not be deducted. Normally debt service reserve accounts are not considered for the purpose of DADS.

DSRA = Debt Service reserve Account is created when there is surplus cash inflows & used up when there is a cash short fall.

FCF = Free cash flow equal to EBIT after taxes plus depreciation & amortisation, minus capital expenditure & increases in net working capital.

KD = The cost of debt (i.e. stated interest rate); if there are multiple tranches or instruments, then it is weighted average cost of debts.

Interest Coverage Ratio (e.g. Times Interest Earned i.e. TIE) = This ratio is rarely used in project finance because debts are of finite periods & rarely rolled over unlike in corporate finance.

Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) or Annual Debt service Coverage Ratio (ADSCR) = CADS / DS (year-by-year) Minimum & maximum of DSCR depicts the period of excess financial risk.
Average Debt Service Coverage Ratio (Average DSCR) = Averages of ADSCR over the life of the life of the debt. This ratio can be distorted to during the period when cash flows are high & debt service is low. However, it does not guarantee servicing of debt but, if over all Average DSCR is high, there may be possibility of shifting in the

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