...there are some crashes triggered by design flaws and ignorance of air safety rules. Whatever the case, human life is at risk. American Eagle 4184 crash was horrible and defied logic. It took several months for an investigative task force to conclude the cause of such a tragic accident that left the plane and human remains in thousands of pieces (Chester, 2000). The craters at the at the crash site were so remarkable that they could be mistaken for a meteorite strike. This paper is a step-by- step analysis of the crash events with a focus on the accident causes and the preventive measures. American Flight Eagle 4184, registration number N401AM was designed and built by ATR—a French-Italian Aircraft manufacturer. Simons Airlines operated the plane on behalf of American Eagle. Both captain and co-pilot were competent and experienced, with more than 5000 flight hours. The Accident The plane was scheduled on a flight from IIA (Indianapolis International Airport), Indiana to OIA (O’Hare International Airport), Illinois. However, Chicago’s bad weather conditions delayed the plane. As such, OIA air traffic control redirected the airplane to hold at LUCIT intersection. While on hold, freezing rain hit the plane. It led to a hazardous icing condition—super-cooled water droplets led to ice buildup on the airplane surface (Galison, 2000). As the weather conditions improved, the plane was ordered to make a slight descent, approximately 8000 feet. A warning sound went off during the...
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...there are some crashes triggered by design flaws and ignorance of air safety rules. Whatever the case, human life is at risk. American Eagle 4184 crash was horrible and defied logic. It took several months for an investigative task force to conclude the cause of such a tragic accident that left the plane and human remains in thousands of pieces (Chester, 2000). The craters at the at the crash site were so remarkable that they could be mistaken for a meteorite strike. This paper is a step-by- step analysis of the crash events with a focus on the accident causes and the preventive measures. American Flight Eagle 4184, registration number N401AM was designed and built by ATR—a French-Italian Aircraft manufacturer. Simons Airlines operated the plane on behalf of American Eagle. Both captain and co-pilot were competent and experienced, with more than 5000 flight hours. The Accident The plane was scheduled on a flight from IIA (Indianapolis International Airport), Indiana to OIA (O’Hare International Airport), Illinois. However, Chicago’s bad weather conditions delayed the plane. As such, OIA air traffic control redirected the airplane to hold at LUCIT intersection. While on hold, freezing rain hit the plane. It led to a hazardous icing condition—super-cooled water droplets led to ice buildup on the airplane surface (Galison, 2000). As the weather conditions improved, the plane was ordered to make a slight descent, approximately 8000 feet. A warning sound went off during the...
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...She proved to the world that women hold high potentials. However, her story met a tragic and mysterious end on July 2, 1937, when, on a trip to fly around the world, her plane, a twin-engine Lockheed Electra, disappeared near the International Date Line in the central Pacific Ocean. Although there exists a considerable amount of speculation by scholars about the exact circumstances that led to her disappearance, such as the probability of her being stranded on a deserted island for years. Nothing can be acknowledged with absolute certainty. Though most people think that she simply ran out of fuel and crashed into the sea. Another theory claims that she was a spy for Franklin D Roosevelt and was imprisoned by the...
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...the Andes on 13 October 1972. More than a quarter of the passengers died in the crash and several others quickly succumbed to cold and injury. Of the 27 who were alive a few days after the accident, another eight were killed by an avalanche that swept over their shelter in the wreckage. The last 16 survivors were rescued on 23 December 1972, more than two months after the crash. The survivors had little food and no source of heat in the harsh conditions at over 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) altitude. Faced with starvation and radio news reports that the search for them had been abandoned, the survivors fed on the dead passengers who had been preserved in the snow. Rescuers did not learn of the survivors until 72 days after the crash when passengers Nando Parrado and Roberto Canessa, after a 10-day trek across the Andes, found Chilean arriero Sergio Catalán, who gave them food and then alerted the authorities to the existence of the other survivors. The crash On 13 October 1972, a chartered Uruguayan Air Force twin turboprop Fairchild FH-227D was flying over the Andes carrying the Old Christians Club rugby union team from Montevideo, Uruguay, to play a match in Santiago, Chile. The trip had begun the day before, when the Fairchild departed from Carrasco International Airport, but inclement mountain weather forced an overnight stop in Mendoza, Argentina. At the Fairchild's ceiling of 9,000 metres (30,000 ft), the plane could not fly directly from Mendoza, over the Andes, to Santiago, in large...
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...Why are Planes Getting Lost in the Ocean? An Air France 447 plane was lost on June 2008 in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean between Paris and Rio de Janeiro and recently on March 8, 2014, Malaysian Airlines 370 was lost somewhere in the Indian Ocean. Both the aeroplanes mysteriously got lost at sea without radio contact with the Air Traffic Control. In April 2011, the wreckage of the Air France flight was found deep in the ocean which raised several questions regarding the safety of aeroplanes and how they can be recovered quickly after they have crashed. Moreover, because of the immense force of impact and underwater pressure, the data in the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) was inconsistent thus the information available was slightly corrupted and had to be reorganized which took more than a few months (Telegraph). On the other hand, the Malaysian Airlines is still lost and several search and rescue operations have taken place but sadly, there is no clue about the exact location of the plane. Fortunately, there are several technologies available which can help in finding the exact location of aircrafts but commercial airlines are still stuck on to the old and outdated ones. In the age where internet is available 50000ft above in aeroplanes, methods such as streaming data live and installing new and improved FDRs and CVRs are possible. At the moment, most commercial aircrafts use High Frequency radio and only military planes use Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast to report...
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...911: “The Day of Infamy, the Day We Will Never Forget” Devry University: Contemporary History Spring B Russell Johnson The date is September 11th, 2001. A normal day to the masses and the world, the weather is calm and cheerful birds are chirping and people are getting ready to depart to their jobs or reporting for a day of work while students are in school busy learning of current events, and expanding their knowledge. How could any of us know that this peaceful day would abruptly come to a startling end, and in such a horrific way? Years later, many would ask “where were you when it happened?” What seemed as a normal day to me which consisted of me sleeping in as I didn’t have to work on this particular day, I was awoken by my phone ringing and my hysterical mother on the other end of the line “TURN ON THE T.V. NOW!!!” she screamed and so as I wiped the sleep from my eyes and reached for the remote to do as she had instructed I asked her what’s wrong? and she cannot give me an answer as she is too upset to speak at this moment. Upon turning on the television to Fox 5, I was instantly snapped out of my usual morning stupor as horror crept into me. What I saw was nothing less than heart wrenching. The United States had been attacked by an unknown face, for unknown reasons, and all we the American people could do now was watch in horror. As the reporter spoke footage of the twin towers was replayed over and over again, and I watched in horror as a commercial...
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...An Analysis of McDonnell Douglas’s Ethical Responsibility in the Crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981 The Memorial of Flight 981 at Ermenonville (Johnston, 1976). Executive Summary In 1974, Turkish Airlines Flight 981 experienced a mid-flight cargo door failure which led to the first total loss of a wide-bodied aircraft in history. The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10, and this tragedy was compounded by the fact that sufficient corrective action had not been taken by the manufacturer after precursory failures had occurred over the four previous years. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the ethical nature of McDonnell Douglas’s decisions throughout this crisis, discerning their priorities with regard to safety and financial gain, and to assess if these qualities have changed in response. The origin of this catastrophe lay in a poor handling of design and manufacturing. The cargo door’s design employed faulty philosophies, and decisions regarding its manufacture were driven by savings at the expense of safety. However, though the door’s faults were later exposed, a more serious problem involving the tail control lines in the passenger floor was continually overlooked until the crash. This was due primarily to a policy of using old design strategies which met minimum federal requirements. The company oversimplified the control lines’ failure mode when confronted with it in ground testing and, being committed to their own design, were unable to...
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...but when they happen, the level of damage is large compared to other means of transport. This is because some aircrafts have a very large capacity of passengers that they can accommodate. This is not always the case, as some of them are small and do not carry so many people. Aircrafts accidents range from fires, collisions, ditching and accidents caused by pilot errors among others. This paper will look at an accident that happened in 1997 at Newark International Airport in New Jersey. The paper will address the causes of the accidents, the findings of the investigation carried out after the accident, recommendations after the investigation as well as the measures taken to make sure that accidents of this type do not happen again. Aviation Safety FedEx Express Flight 14 This scheduled cargo flight was going to Newark International Airport, New Jersey from the Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport in Anchorage, Alaska. It crashed when trying to make a safe landing on July 31, 1997. The pilots thought that the plane would have little stopping distance after landing, which made them think of landing early on the runway. Misinterpretation of runway data was the main cause of the crash (Dismukes, Berman & Loukopoulos, 2012). The pilots were aware that the plane had problems with its auto-breaks because they failed to initiate during landing, which also contributed to their hasty decision to land the craft earlier than expected. The problem arose at the commencement of...
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...Research Project 2016 OUTCOME SACE: 597983W Civil Aviation Safety of America What are the main issues which effect Civil Aviation Safety? The outcome includes the two aspect of the civil aviation safety in America. The first aspect is ‘what are the main issues that effect civil aviation safety in America.’ This aspect is can be subdivided into 1 points -how many accidents in America (from 1970-2015). The second aspect is ‘What is the effect by the aircraft accidents?’ The second aspect is ‘ What is the effect by the accidents in America?’. And this aspect is can be subdivided into three points. Aviation Manufacture of America, Airlines and Tourist trade. First how many accidents in America (from 1970-2015)? By the online research from 1970-2015 had 643 aircraft accidents in America. Also the highest in 1971 has 31 aircraft accidents in America.(1) Hijack, mechanical failure, risks of pilots and weather is the main reasons of these accidents. Also from online research 1950-2000 the pilots error has 53; Pilots Error (weather related) has 32; Pilots Error (mechanical related has 16; other Human Error has 6; Weather has 12; Mechanical Failure has 20 and sabotage has 8. Figure (1) The table above was compiled from the PlaneCrashInfo.com accident database and represents 1,015 fatal accidents involving commercial aircraft, worldwide, from 1950 thru 2010 for which a specific cause was known. Aircraft with 18 or less passengers aboard, military aircraft...
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...Lusitania in less than 20 minutes, 1,198 passengers died and only 761 people survived the incident. The attack happened on the 7th of May 1915, one week into it voyage from New York. A warning was issued from the German Embassy, stating that the risk of attack was high due to the hostile actions around the British isle. This attack also took the lives of 127 Americans. This proved to be a turning point for the Atlantic war. This event set in motion the United States entering World War I. Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 The Malaysian airlines flight embarked from Amsterdam in a Boeing 777. The final destination was for Kuala Lumpur on 17th of July 2014. The Planes route took it through an active war zone that was controlled by the Dunbass People militia. The plane was shot down by a Buk surface to air missile. The plane crashed near Torez in Donetsk, Ukraine, killing all of the 283 passengers and 15 crew on board, total death of all passengers and crew of 298. This attack was against a passenger airline that enter hostile airspace. As a result of this flight patterns have been redirected around the airspace that is controlled by militants. Disaster Similarities and Dissimilarities The Lusitania and Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 both entered areas that where controlled or under conflict by hostile forces. While the Lusitania was a ship it was the primary means of transport for people across the ocean, as the airliners have become the primary means of transport for people today...
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...SEPTEMBER 11TH CONSPIRACY THEORIES On September 11th, 2001, four American Airlines flights were hijacked. All of the planes were full of passengers. One aircraft crashed in a field in Pennsylvania, one hit the Pentagon, and the other two hit the World Trade Center in New York City. Most Americans remember where they were when they this malicious series of events happened, and the shocking feeling they had when they heard the news. When this first happened most people were scared for their lives and the lives of their loved ones. It was not until later that people started to ask questions about who was behind these events. Allegedly, a number of terrorists affiliated with the group Al-Qaeda were responsible. A few months after the attacks of 9/11 a group of skeptics formed something called “The 9/11 Truth Movement”. This group found a number of occurrences and facts that make some of the attacks and other happenings of 9/11, not likely, possibly set up, and in some cases nearly impossible. One of the groups most popular claims was that the World Trade Center falling was a controlled demolition. After demolition experts reviewed the videos of the World Trade Center falling, they agreed with the skeptics of the 9/11 Truth Movement. According to experts the building falls as if many small explosives were planted on all sides and it exploded in a very specific order, just like in a controlled demolition. When videos of the World Trade Center falling are compared with a building...
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...Professor Dana English 1101 March 30, 2016 9/11 Conspiracy Debunked Most people in a disturbed and extremely instable state of mind often will want to believe things that may or may not have actually happened in real time. The year was 2009, a moment that shook Americans grounds so drastically and changed so many peoples lives was September 11, at 8:45 am in New York City. In the blink of an eye, one of Americas most loved cities was attacked and reawakened to the real world. Conspiracy theorists have tried to debunk the theories and misconceptions about the horrific morning of 9/11. Fortunately, after 7 years of analysis and research we figured out that the conspiracy is true, science has undoubtedly debunked this mystery and everything finally makes sense. On September 11, at 8:45 am on a clear Tuesday morning, an American airliner Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City near the 80th floor. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology the North tower was completely obliterated by a single commercial Boeing airliner jet. While studies show that the height of the impacts on the North tower to cause it to collapse is a complete fallacy. The truth is that the top 20 floors could not have possibly disemboweled the remaining sturdy 90 floors. Even though the Boeing was transporting 20,000 gallons of fuel, which certainly caused plenty of damage and fire to the initial impact...
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...into the United States Capitol. The hijackers never reached their destination because they were overtaken by the 40 passengers on board the flight and forced to crash the aircraft into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, killing all 44 people on board. Consider the possibility that this version of Flight 93's journey were inaccurate. Imagine that the United States military had shot down Flight 93 rather than the passengers ultimately forcing the aircraft off of its intended path. Would the intentional sacrifice of American lives be acceptable considering a higher number of American lives may have been saved? The possibility of our own military intentionally taking the lives of innocent Americans is a horrific notion but, so is the thought of our military standing idly by while a large number of American lives are taken by terrorists. I feel that most moral dilemmas should be solved consequentially and also that this theory is exemplified in the case of Flight 93. It goes without saying killing innocent people is wrong. It is also wrong to do nothing when there is a possibility lives can be saved. In the case of Flight 93, the preceding events provided insight into the intentions of the hijackers. The earlier attacks and the flight path of the plane made it easier to project that the hijackers intended to crash the aircraft into the capitol. Possessing this knowledge allows us to realize the possibility that many more lives were in danger. When asked what would have happened...
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...this aircraft because he was a trainee in the Boeing 777 but was an experienced pilot with the Korea based airliners. He had less than 45 hours in the Boeing 777 and was not confident the day of the crash. The pilot had flown in to this tricky airport in 2004 so it 9 years this pilot had not been to this airport. It was a place he was unfamiliar with and lacked confidence. The other crew members with him were another trainee, instructor pilot, and first officer. When the pilot was making the visual approach he had no landing aids and had to line up the massive Boeing 777 by looking out the windshield, to center the aircraft. When he was making his approach the first officer raised concerns about four times that planes descent is to rapidly but no one in the cockpit said anything. The crew did notice some worry/concern on the pilots face when he was making his approach but didn’t say anything. He says in statement that he was very nervous and did not want to make the landing but did it because others had landed at the San Francisco airport under the same circumstances. He told investigators, “He could not say he could not do the visual approach.” - (Staff, December 11, 2013) the pilot was worried that he would fail if he spoke up and did not want to land the plane. In the case it is easy to tell that the issues here are lack of training, confidence, fear of being...
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...jurisdiction over parties and subject matter when the lawsuit begins. If the case involves one or more parties reside outside the territorial jurisdiction or there are other factors which might make another forum more appropriate, the question of jurisdiction must be resolved. Thus, here the doctrine of forum of non-convenience begins. Actually, development of forum of non-convenience is originated from somewhat unclear. However, most of the authorities claim that the birthplace of the doctrine is in the Scotland. It has been first used in the late 1800’s by Scottish in allowing trial courts...
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