...have heard of the DiVito’s Bakery and how many have shopped there and if so how recent do they stop in this store. What do you already know about these changes? I already know that we have to make changes to perform survey’s to find out more information about the different cultures and what types of bakery foods are the types that they eat the most. It is important to know this so that we can change and supply these products so that they will come to this bakery and become regular customers it might be a good idea to have coffee and tea to allow people to stop in and taste the many products to make decisions on if it is somewhere that they would frequent to buy the products that they use the most. Develop effective research instruments- Instrument is the generic term that researchers use for a measurement device such as a...
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...have an outstanding credit rating, a bank can be unwilling to lend you the money because it can be left with nothing if you default on the loan. So, the bank may require 200,000 TL of collateral in order to lend you the money. This collateral should consist of financial instruments, houses, or even objects such as jewelry, art, or other things. You might also promise your business receivables as well. Why is that collateral important for financial markets and institutions? Collateral is an essential building block of financial markets and affects economic growth and financial stability. It decreases risks for lenders and borrowers alike, by providing safety to lenders and permitting borrowers to obtain more credit at good rates, and plays a main part in different market functions. However, policymakers regularly overlook the important role collateral plays in financial fixtures, the financial infrastructure and the different institutions that support trading, payments, clearing, and settlement and for the economy as a whole. Decrease of collateral value is the vital risk when securing loans with marketable collateral. Financial institutions carefully monitor the market value of any financial asset held as collateral and take suitable action if the value consequently declines below the predetermined maximum loan to value ratio. HOW IT WORKS? Let's suppose you would like to borrow 200,000 TL to start a business. Even if you have an outstanding credit rating, a bank can be...
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...HSBC’s Mortgage Lending Decisions and the Big Melt It isn’t often that the American financial system, and its world counterpart, has a near- death experience. The last time was the 1930s. Beginning in 2007 and extending through 2009, American and global financial systems failed, melted down, and were rescued only by concerted central bank interventions in all the major industrial countries. The United States directly invested about 1 trillion dollars in U. S. financial institutions, and guaran-teed an estimated $ 14 trillion dollars in private debt. The complete history of this period has not been written. Many causes, involving many different actors, have been identified. Some have likened the big melt to a “ perfect storm” where a number of storm systems just happened to combine to form a much larger, lethal storm. But one cause was the failure of decision- making models, both the model builders and the financial man-agers who relied on those models. One of the major players in this crisis was HSBC Holdings PLC, the third largest bank in the world based on market value, and the largest bank in Europe. In the financial meltdown of 2008— 2009, HSBC joined the other major money center banks in a collective failure. HSBC weathered the turmoil in the financial markets better than most of its rivals, mainly because it had profited from continuing growth in Asia, where it generates about 65 percent of its pretax profit. But the company’s stock prices have fallen by half from their...
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...Acknowledgement First of all, I am expressing my sincere great fullness to almighty to prepare this term paper, no noble achievement can be achieve by an individual term paper depends on the contribution of number of people specially their thoughtful guidance and suggestions to complete this term paper. I am indented for their kind recommendation, submission, direction, cooperative and their collaboration. I want to give my special thanks to the Academic Supervisor Professor Md. Didarul Islam, Department of Accounting for his support and enormous help, especially his guidelines throughout the period of preparing this term paper. Declaration I do hereby Solemnly declare that the work submitted in the term paper titled “Sources of Short-Term Financing in Bangladesh” has been carried out by me and has not been previously submitted to any other university, college, organization for an academic purpose or certificate or diploma degree. This work that I have submitted does not break any existing copyright and no portion of this report is copied from any work done earlier for a degree or otherwise. I further undertake to indemnify the department against any loss or damage arising from breach of the forgoing obligations. Md. Golam Kibria BBA(hon’s) Final Year Reg. No. 09101626055 Major: Accounting Supervisor’s Certificate This is to certify that the term paper on “Sources of Short-Term Financing in Bangladesh” submitted for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration...
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...Advanced Medical Technology Corporation (AMT) wants to broadcast this tagline by manufacturing well designed medical instrument based on a massive researching. Taking into account the efforts and allowances spilled by AMT on its research and development aspect, and in invading new markets, it is not unexpected that it had gained an extraordinary growth and rapid expansion of its sales force for just a few years of being established. Like any other companies who were in their infancy/growth stage, it is a normal thing to put the best shoe forward in order to gain an A+ mark. But the aggressiveness nature of the decisions made by Peter Haskins, president of the AMT, had, to the conclusion of some lenders, contributed to several tribulations that impede the continuous growth of the company. Though AMT had gained extraordinary growth through their well done researches, it tends to risk its financial aspect by exhausting too much fund just to develop and produce its product. Its mismanagement of its assets had made potential creditors to deny its loan requests. These facts had led to the perfection of this study. It aimed to analyze the problems faced by the company, the cause of these problems and how the company will trounce these problems. II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Advance Medical Technology Corporation (AMT) developed, manufactured and sold scientific medical instruments, needles, and catheters that allowed rapid and less invasive access to a number of different organs and vessels...
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...INTERNSHIP REPORT ON LOAN ADVANCEMENT PROCEDURE OF IFIC BANK LIMITED LOAN ADVANCEMENT PROCEDURE OF IFIC BANK LTD. Submitted to MAHMUDUL HAQ ADVISOR BRAC BUSINESS SCHOOL BRAC UNIVERSITY Submitted by MST. NAZMUN FARZANA ID: 09104103 BRAC BUSINESS SCHOOL BRAC UNIVERSITY date oF SubmiSSioN 17TH DECEMBER, 2012 LETTET OF TRANSMITTAL 17TH DECEMBER, 2012 Mahmudul Haq Course Instructor, BBS BRAC University Dear Sir, Here I present my Internship report titled “Loan And Advance Operation of IFIC Bank Limited‟ with due gratitude and appreciation. As per partial fulfillment of the requirements for the BBA Degree, I have completed the internship from IFIC Bank Limited, Federation Branch, Motijheel, Dhaka. The internship program has given me the opportunity to learn about different aspects of this well reputed organization. Before facing the corporate world, I have gathered general idea about the organization culture and activities. However, I have gathered all the facts that I could within this short period and have tried my level best to exert all the things as much presentable as possible. Yours faithfully, ………………. Mst. Nazmun Farzana ID: 09104103 Acknowledgement At the beginning, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Almighty, the most merciful and beneficial for empowering me to prepare the report within the scheduled time. I also want to thank especially to my internship supervisor Mahmudul Haq Sir for his inspiring guidelines, valuable suggestion, constructive...
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...Negotiable Instruments | | | | | Definition | | | | A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time. Under section 13 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, “a negotiable instrument” means a promissory note, bills of exchange or chequ payable either to order or to bearer”. According to Judge Willis: “A negotiable instrument is one the property in which is acquired by every person who takes it bonafide and for value, not withstanding any defect of title in the person from whom he took it.” It is a document contemplated by a contract, which (1) warrants the payment of money, the promise of or order for conveyance of which is unconditional; (2) specifies or describes the payee, who is designated on and memorialized by the instrument; and (3) is capable of change through transfer by valid negotiation of the instrument. As payment of money is promised subsequently, the instrument itself can be used by the holder in due course as a store of value; although, instruments can be transferred for amounts in contractual exchange that are less than the instrument’s face value (known as “discounting”). Types of Negotiable instruments a) Promissory note: A written, dated and signed two-party instrument containing an unconditional promise by the maker to pay a definite sum of money to a payee on demand or at specified future date. b) Bill of exchange: Bills of exchange are financial...
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...Accounting 70150 Financial Institution Financial Analysis, Part I 75 points Name: Signature 1. (12) Refer to the Citigroup 2009 10-K report. Explain the primary reasons for the Net Income differences between 2008, 2009 and 2010. Use the following format: 2009 2010 2011 Citigroup’ net income (loss) $billions ($1.606) 10.602 $11.067 Change $12.208 $.465 2011 vs. 2010: Citigroup and Consolidated Subsidiaries Overall, the largest change between the two years on the Income Statement is the 50.86% reduction (26,042 to 12,796) in the provisions for credit losses and benefits and claims. Net income for Citigroup increased 4.65% (10,602 to 11,067) while revenues decreased 10% (from 86,601 to 78,353) and operating expenses increased 7.51% (47,375 to 50,933). Additionally, the income from discontinued operations increased from (68) to 112. Citicorp Analysis: While total Citicorp income from continuing operations only decreased 2%, the Global Consumer Banking increased 33%, the Securities and Banking decreased 25%, and the Transaction Services decreased 7%. Citi Holdings Total Citi Holdings increased 38% in the period, as Brokerage and Asset Management decreased 27%, Local Consumer Lending increased 43% and Special Asset Pool decreased 49%. Thus, Citi Holdings income from continuing operations increased only 1%, but the Discontinued Operations, Net Income attributable to NCI decreased 47%, causing Citigroup net income to increase by 4%...
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...NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT,1881 Definition of a Negotiable Instrument. The law relating to negotiable instruments is contained in the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. It is an Act to define and amend the law relating to promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques. The Act does not affect the custom or local usage relating to an instrument in oriental language i.e., a Hundi. The term "negotiable instrument" means a document transferable from one person to another. However the Act has not defined the term. It merely says that "A .negotiable instrument" means a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque payab1e either to order or to bearer. [Section 13(1)] A negotiable instrument may be defined as "an instrument, the. property in which is acquired by anyone who takes it bona fide, and for value, notwithstan~ing any defect of title in the person from whom he took it, from which it follo~s that an instrument cannot be negotiable unless it is such and in such a state that the true owner could transfer the contract or engagement contained therein by simple delivery of instrument" (Willis- The Law of Negotiable Securities, Page 6). According to this definition the following are the conditions of negotiability: (i) The instrument should be freely transferable. An instrument cannot be negotiable unless it is such and in such state that the true owner could transfer by simple delivery or endorsement and delivery. (ii) The person who takes it for value...
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...and Accountancy A Study to Explore the Micro-entrepreneurs’ Perspective on the Effectiveness of Borrowing Money from Informal Money Lending Business in Angeles City SUBMITTED BY: A-433 Lleva, Rhindel Medina, Leda Marie Pineda, Reezalyn Pinero, Bianca Camille Romero, Czarina Salas, Jenny Rose SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Albert Morales September 9, 2015 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION During these rough times, people would really bite the bullet in order for them to satisfy the needs of their families, to fund and support their small businesses and to ease poverty just to survive the daily life. This leads people to seek the help of those engaged in money lending business. Informal credit markets are still important in developing countries. Despite an increase in supply of formal credit, informal lenders remain the dominant source of credit for the people who wish to start-up a small business in their community. This study aims to explore the perspective of micro-entrepreneurs in Angeles City on the effectiveness of informal money lending business. Informal money lending businesses are money lenders who are not licensed to do money lending business. They are well known about this kind of informal lending business which is patronized by some micro-entrepreneurs and people who wants to put-up a new business. They are also called “5-6 money lenders”. 5-6” is the term used in such a reason that they lend money with 20% interest which will be paid within a month or upon the agreed condition. Micro-entrepreneurs...
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...Credit Policy of Ghana Commercial Bank THE CREDIT POLICY The credit policy of Ghana Commercial Bank Ltd is aimed at maintaining acceptable credit standards by holding reasonable risk limits, evaluating new business opportunities, complying with regulatory requirements and providing adequate liquidity for the effective running of the bank. This aim is achieved through the following objectives: 1. Attract and maintain a High Quality Portfolio of Assets 2. Efficiently manage its assets to ensure liquidity 3. Finance the needs of Corporate, medium and small scale as well as individual clients. 4. Join syndicates with other banks and financial institutions. The importance of these objectives is to ensure that clients who borrow from the bank have the ability to repay the funds they borrow on schedule and with interest. Businesses that borrow from the bank should demonstrate an ability to repay from their current and future net cash flows of the business. Individual client's repayments depend also on their personal cash inflows basically being their salaries. Another importance is the need to avoid bad debt as much as possible by not giving credit to clients who are likely to be unable to repay due to their peculiar circumstances. Also the bank must ensure that at all times it is able to meet its obligations to depositors since its stock in trade is money. This it does by diversifying loans it has given (assets) to have a wide array of maturity profiles. Also it ensures...
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...Internship Report On Credit Management Of First Security Islami Bank Limited(FSIBL) - A Case Study Supervised by Kamrul Hasan Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration Southern University Bangladesh Prepared By Rahul Palit ID-111-30-14 Major –Finance Date of submission: 8th OCTOBER, 2012 Letter of Transmittal 8th OCTOBER, 2012 Dean Faculty of Business Administration Southern University Bangladesh Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Dear Sir, It is my great pleasure to submit the internship report on Credit Management of First Security Islami Bank Limited (FSIBL) - A Case Study. I made sincere efforts to study related materials, documents, observe operations performed in First Security Islami Bank Limited. and examine relevant records for preparation of the report. I had to put in a lot of effort & hard work to the preparation of this report with the help of all the bank officials in the Bahadder Hat Branch. Within the time limit, I have to make this report as comprehensive as possible. But there may be some mistakes due to various limitations. For this reason, I ask for your kind consideration in this regard. Yours Faithfully, --------------------------Rahul Palit ID-111-30-14 Students Declaration I hereby announced that the extensive study entitled Credit Management of First Security Islami Bank Limited (FSIBL) - A Case Study.(Conducted on behalf of First Security Islami Bank Limited, Head Office, HR Division)Prepared in partial...
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...investigation or discussion of a known and unknown matter and to make a right decision by the knowledge is the main theme of internship. So, internship is standard method taken for searching knowledge i.e. it is the combination of theoretical and practical knowledge 2. Objectives of the study The main purpose of this study is to investigate and observe into the loan disbursement and recovery of Sonali Bank Limited, Sopura Branch, Rajshahi and to provide some suggestions to improve its performance. However, followings are some of the specific objectives of the study: ❖ To know general banking activities performed by the bank. ❖ To find out the comparative position of the bank. ❖ To identify various loans, advances and credit provided by the bank. ❖ To know the amount of disbursement and recovery of the bank. ❖ To know what are the vouchers and documents are used. ❖ To know the vouching and accounting system of the bank....
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...meeting of unexpected needs. Loan repayment generally comes from one of four sources: operations, turnover or liquidation of assets, refinancing, or capital infusion. This note describes traditional bank lending products, the role of the lending officer, credit evaluation, and the structuring of credit facilities and loan agreements. Specialized loan and credit products are described in Appendix A. Traditional Commercial Bank Lending Products While increased competition has forced banks to develop innovative credit facilities and financing techniques, traditional products, which include short-term, long-term, and revolving loans, continue to be the mainstay of commercial banking. Short-Term Loans Short-term loans, those with maturities of one year or less, comprise more than half of all commercial bank loans made. Seasonal lines of credit and special purpose loans are the most common short-term credit facilities. Their primary use is to finance working capital needs resulting from temporary build-ups of inventory and receivables. Reflecting their use, repayment of short-term loans typically comes from the routine conversion of current assets to cash. These loans may be either secured or unsecured. A seasonal line of credit is used by companies with seasonal sales cycles to finance periodic increases in current assets, such as...
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...Question 1: Explain the term negotiable instruments and briefly state its types. Negotiable instrument is a document that constitutes an obligation to pay a sum of money at a future date or on demand. According to Justice Willis, “a negotiable instrument is one, the property in which is acquired by anyone who takes it bona fide and for value notwithstanding any defects of the title in the person from whom he took it”. Any document is capable of being called a “negotiable instrument” if the following conditions are met: 1. The holder of the instrument may sue in his/her own name. 2. Title to the instrument must pass on delivery, or on delivery and endorsement. 3. A "holder in due course" takes the instrument free from the defects in title of his/her predecessors. Essential Features of a Negotiable Instrument: 1. A Negotiable Instrument is a written instrument 2. Signed by the maker or drawer of the instrument A signature may be any symbol made by the maker or drawer with the present intention to be a signature. 3. It must contain an unconditional promise or order to pay A mere acknowledgment of a debt is not sufficient without evidence of an affirmative undertaking on the part of the debtor to repay the debt. 4. An exact sum of money (with or without interest in a specified amount or at a specified rate) must be stated. Fixed amount means an amount that can be determined from the face of the instrument. Payable in money means the medium of exchange authorized or...
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